Worksheet for General Chemistry 1, Assignments of Chemistry

Download Worksheet for General Chemistry 1 and more Assignments Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 8. Worksheet solutions. 1. Lewis representations for the ionic reactions are as follows. 2. (a) I and Cl should form a molecular compound; both elements are nonmetals. One possibility would be ICl, iodine chloride. (b) Mg and F will form an ionic compound; Mg is a metal while F is a nonmetal. The substance will be MgF2, magnesium fluoride. 3. We calculate the electronegativity differences for each pair of atoms: DE: 3.8 − 3.3 = 0.5 DG: 3.8 − 1.3 = 2.5 EG: 3.3 − 1.3 = 2.0 DF: 3.8 − 2.8 = 1.0 The order of increasing covalent bond character is: DG < EG < DF < DE 4. The Lewis structures are: 5. Strategy: We follow the procedure for drawing Lewis structures outlined in the text. Solution: (a) Step 1: The skeletal structure is: O N O Step 2: The outer-shell electron configuration of O is 2s22p4. Each O has six valence electrons. The outer-shell electron configuration of N is 2s22p3. N has five valence electrons. Also, we must subtract an electron to account for the positive charge. Thus, there are (2 × 6) + 5 − 1 = 16 valence electrons Step 3:We draw single covalent bonds between the atoms, and then attempt to complete the octets—first for the O atoms. Because this uses up all of the available electrons, step 4 outlined in the text is not required, but step 5 requires us to move electron pairs to satisfy the octet for nitrogen. We determine the formal charges on the atoms using the method outlined in Section 8.5 (p. 307). For each oxygen atom, formal charge = 6 − 6 = 0. For the nitrogen atom, formal charge = 5 − 4 = +1. Check: As a final check, we verify that there are 16 valence electrons in the Lewis structure of NO2 +. Follow the same procedure as part (a) for parts (b), (c), and (d). The appropriate Lewis structures are: 6. Strategy: We follow the procedure for drawing Lewis structures outlined in Section 8.5 of the text. After we complete the Lewis structure, we draw the resonance structures. Solution: Following the procedure in the text, we come up with the following resonance structures: 7. The structures of the most important resonance forms are: