Wound Management: Types, Phases, and Healing Factors, Exams of General Surgery

Download Wound Management: Types, Phases, and Healing Factors and more Exams General Surgery in PDF only on Docsity! Wound Management This is damaged skin or soft tissue that occurs as a result of trauma, surgical incision, pressure, burns, and causes risk of infection - wound what type of wound characteristic is it when the skin not intact - OPEN wound (incision) what type of wound characteristic is it when there is no opening in the skin; ex. bruise - CLOSED wound (contusion) what type of wound characteristic is it when it heals faster and is superficial - partial thickness what type of wound characteristic is it when the dermal layer is no longer present except at wound margins - full thickness What are the 3 phases of wound healing - 1. Inflammation 2. Proliferation 3. Remodeling Name the phase of wound healing that has the localized protective response to injury of tissue and it begins immediately after injury and lasts about 4 days - Inflammation What are the cardinal signs for inflammation - swelling, redness, pain, warmth Name the phase of wound healing when the cells fill and seal a wound called granulation tissue (beefy red) and it begins 3-4 days after injury and lasts 2-3 weeks - Proliferation Name the phase of wound healing that begins 3 weeks after injury and lasts 6 months- 2 years and the wound contracts causing the scar to shrink - Maturation (Remodeling) What are the 3 processes of wound healing - 1) Primary Intention 2) Secondary Intention 3) Tertiary Intention what process of wound healing is when the wound edges are directly next to one another (approximated) and has minimal scarring - primary intention what process of wound healing is caused by most surgical wounds and the wounds are closed by sutures, staples, steer-strips, or adhesive (dermabond) - primary intention what process of wound healing is when the wound edges are separated and wound debris removal is performed daily to allow for granulation tissue formation - secondary intention Pressure ulcers, torn, ragged, or mangled wounds, lacerations, and burns are examples of what process of wound healing - secondary intention When to Do Dressing Changes? - when the wound requires an assessment when dressing is loose or saturated if doctor orders it 3 main types of Dressings - Gauze Transparent Hydrocolloid Gauze dressing - ideal for COVERING FRESH WOUNDS that are likely to bleed to wound that have exudate drainage Transparent Dressings - COVERS peripheral and central IV INSERTION SITES Open Drains - passive; flat, flexible tubes that provide a pathway for drainage like a pin-rose drain Closed Drains- - active; tubes that terminate in a Hemovac, Jackson Pratt Pull fluid by creating vacuum or negative pressure Roller bandage application - -Elevate and support the limb. -Wrap from distal to proximal direction (prevents blood pooling) -Avoid gaps between each turn of the bandage -Exert equal, but not excessive tension with each turn - Keep the bandage free from wrinkles -Secure the end of the roller bandage with metal clips -Check the color and sensation of exposed fingers or toes often. -Remove the bandage for hygiene and replace at least twice a day Binder application (2 types and what they're used for) - single T binder/double Tbinder used for rectal/vaginal surgery or decure dressing to anus, perineum or groin 3 Reasons for Use Bandages/Binders - -Hold dressing in place, especially if tape can't be used for dressing that is very large -Supporting area around a wound or injury to reduce pain -Limiting movement in the wound area to promote healing Debridement Definition - removal of dead tissue Sharp debridement - use of sterile scissors, forceps, scalpel, etc. Enzymatic debridement - use of a topically applied chemical substances Autolytic debridement - natural physiologic process that allows the body's enzymes to soften, liquefy, and release devitalized tissue Mechanical debridement - involves physical removal of debris using wet-to-dry dressings, hydrotherapy, irrigation Structures commonly irrigated include? - Wounds ,Eye, Ear, Vagina Heat and Cold Applications- - Ice bag/ice collar Chemical packs Compresses Aquathermic pad Soaks/moist packs Therapeutic baths Uses for Cold- - Reduces fevers, Prevents swelling, Controls bleeding, Relieves pain, Numbs sensation Uses for Heat- - Provides warmth, Promotes circulation, Speeds healing, Relieves muscle spasm, Reduces pain Types of Therapeutic Baths - Oatmeal, Sitz another name for pressure ulcer - decubitus ulcer where do pressure ulcers usually appear - over bony prominences (sacrum, hips, heals, and places where pressure is unrelieved) Risk factors that contribute to pressure ulcers - -inactivity, immobility, malnutrition, emaciation(weak)