Electronics: Understanding Electricity, Components, and Circuits, Thesis of Information Technology

Download Electronics: Understanding Electricity, Components, and Circuits and more Thesis Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity! greenwich.edu.vn UNIVERSITY of GREENWICH • Examine eletric principles and Ohm’s law • Recognize electronic devices and their functions • Examine digital gates and their combination to raise the computing technology. Overview • Electric current: The flow of electrons jumping between atoms from a negatively charged to a positively charged point is called electric current (I) • Voltage: The difference in electric charge between two points is called voltage (V) • Resistance: Since all materials are made out of atoms, all of them have electrical properties. One important property is the ability to conduct electricity. This property is called resistance (R) Current, voltage, resistance • An electric circuit is an arrangement of components that performs a particular function by means of electricity. The following electric circuit controls the turning on and off of a lamp. Electric Circuit & Schematic diagrams • Ohm’s Law is expressed as: • Where electric current (I) equals voltage (V) divided by resistance (R). Ohm’s Law • Capacitors: These devices have the ability to store energy as electric charge(tiny batteries ) than can be charged and discharged very quickly. Electronic Component YA UNIVERSITY of As? GREENWICH ncaigll secs Electronic Component * Capacitor usage out t[x RC] low pass filter high pass filter 1234512745 tt) = Caen (1 — e*) • Inductors: are two-terminal components that build up a magnetic field around a coil. • They can also be used to block high-frequency AC while allowing DC (or low-frequency AC) to pass Electronic Component • LEDs, Light-emitting diodes, use electroluminescent p-n junction semiconductors Electronic Component • Transitors, short for transfer resistors, are bipolar junction devices that have collector (C), emitter (E) and base (B) terminals • They can be used in breadboard circuits to switch or regulate current to modern computer processors. • The two most important groups of transistors are bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET) Electronic Component YA UNIVERSITY of z enEEnyioe Electronic Component ° FETs D D G G Ss Ss JFET MOSFET Transistor Transistor Bla UNIVERSITY of As? GREENWICH 2 pa IG, cnn Logic gates and memory input AB input AB input A B 0 1 NOT 0 0} 0 OR 00} 0 AND 1 0 output 0 1) 1 output 0 1} 90 output s 10); 1 10] 0 _4| 11|1 =_- QL) 2s ) input A B input A B 0 0} 1 NOR 00) 1 NAND 0 1| O output 0 1) 1 output 1 0| 0 10/1 _, 11/0 >> 11/04 input A B 0 0| 0 XOR 0 1) 1 output 10) 1 11] 0 > >- Bla UNIVERSITY of Te sae Logic gates and memory SS i SD V+ (high) V+ (high) V+ (high) pos 4 == 1 prt tes GND (low) • Microcontrollers are integrated circuits that encapsulate a microprocessor (like a CPU) along with memory for code and data, and ports for input and output. They are sometimes also referred to as system-on-chip (SoC) Microcontrollers