WRITING POSITION PAPER, Lecture notes of Biology

Download WRITING POSITION PAPER and more Lecture notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 - Module 3 Writing a Position Paper Department of Education e Republic of the Philippines SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 2 - Module 3 Writing a Position Paper This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education e Republic of the Philippines 2. As a type of paper, position paper should not only criticize but should also express challenges. 3. A manifesto can be written by anybody regardless of status. 4. A social issue can be a good subject of an essay. 5. The body of an essay is where evidences are stated to prove a claim. 6. Conclusions in an essay are more detailed than the body. 7. Evidences in an argument add weight to a claim. 8. An emphatic statement at the end of an argument will influence adjudicators / judges in a debate to merit the speaker's claim. 9. Gathering of evidences need not be done as long as words are chosen properly to express strong claim. 10. Thorough investigation about a subject must be observed in any essay. WHAT'S NEW What | KNOW about Copy the puzzle below in your notebook and encircle the terms that pertains to writing a Position Paper. You can go horizontal or diagonal. AlTaA;[R/[Glu|m/eE[n [TIL s|[mMilra[elalfuflilc{[ti{y FiltT/i{milmM/i1/n{[t]el|o Piri[ali{[ni[nlelolels H | N/N/]D]|RI|NJ]C} KIS soenss| aAifc{te}ilole|Kkilwi|zis Li/c/riulelc{[tlylelfu uowudo El| Vv I D E N | Cc E Ss E seouaplAg oj[i/s{[clu/[s|slelfslt{s tfofepfi;n]/i1fo;nisler pUurIS Dj/D|w/O/;R{|M/E|D/E|D quownbiy Ela/rlelt{/tlifelnfe How did you find the activity? Keep your focus. You will come across those words in the next activities. Good Luck! WHAT IS IT Position paper- is an essay that expresses a position about an issue. It gives arguments that support the opinion of the writer based on the facts collected. Its goal is to convince an audience that the opinion raised underwent thorough investigation and data collection and that it is therefore valid. Elements of a Position Paper A. Introduction — this part of the paper identifies an issue that is being discussed by the author emphasizing his position about the issue. Here, the topic is introduced; background and history of the issue shall also be discussed. . Body of the paper- this part illustrates the central argument which can be presented through a brief description of the argument. Details, point of view, evidences are used to support the claim. It can be divided into these sections namely: background information, evidence supporting the author's position, and a discussion which addresses and refutes arguments that present both sides of the issue. . Conclusion — this part restates the main points, then summarizes the arguments made in the paper and then provides a call of action. Position papers are utilized to present an issue and to generate a support on the issue. Therefore, gathering factual information to support your argument would be very essential. What about Manifesto as a form of writing? Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. A manifesto advances a set of ideas, opinions, or views, but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics. Manifestos are generally written in the name of a group sharing a common perspective, ideology, or purpose rather than in the name of a single individual. It combines a sometimes violent societal critique with an inaugural and inspirational declaration of change. Although manifestos can claim to speak for the majority, they are often authored by social activists and usually linked to new ideas(https://www.britannica.com/topic/manifesto). How did you find the new information you have learned? | hope that you now pay attention on the basic elements of a position paper. Prepare to examine one in the next activities. Good Luck! WHAT'S MORE ACTIVITY 1. ENUMERATE Read the essay that follows. Examine its basic elements. Tell whether the parts were expressed according to the standards that you have just learned from the discussion. Write your observations in your notebook. Importance of Education? Essay on Education By: Priyanka Nagrale Countless words are written daily about the importance of education. Indubitably, education is the only valuable asset humans can achieve. Human evolution over eons is a result of education both formal and informal. Further, education is the sole basis on which future of the human race depends. Our quest for knowledge is unending and will continue till planet Earth exists. Congratulations! Activities 1 and 2 were great. Remember how the essays were created, your observations will give you hint on how to make your own later. Do not worry, you will develop writing the best one through the activities that this module has prepared for you. Reflective Questions: Write your answers in your notebook. 1. Why do you think it is important to familiarize the basic parts of an essay? 2. Now that you have learned how to put basic items into its part, what do you think should you develop more to be able to write a position paper well in the future? | 1 y ’ ? = Remember these key points: WHAT I HAVE LEARNED > Aposition paper - an essay that expresses a position on an issue. Three elements o Introduction o Body o Conclusion > Manifesto - a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. > Learning these, will guide a writer on what to include in each basic part of the essay. WHAT I CAN DO ACTIVITY 3. SOCIETY INFOCUS Copy the table below in your notebook and list at least 5 issues that you can identify that the society, your community is facing right now. Identify particular information that you would like to deal with in your paper. ISSUES WHAT | WANT TO FOCUS ON Example: Cyberbullying > Effects among young people > What should the government do to address cybercrimes? ACTIVITY 4. MY OWN WORDS From the issues you have listed in activity 3. Make a manifesto of your own. A sample is shown below. For your output, you can use a blank page so that you can be as creative as you like. You can send your output via email (teacher's email). ROISIN & KARMEL For Students with Disabilities’ Officers University can be confusing, isolating and stressful—as students with disabilities ourselves, we understand some of the issues you may face here. As Students with Disabilities’ Officers we would work to en- sure that SOAS fulfils its duty in ensuring that every student can study and socialise in an accessible, inclusive environment. Karmel Carey—Year 2 BA Politics & Development Studies BA History Provide a clear, friendly presence during Enable disabled students to fully participate Welcome Week @ in student politics It can be hard for disabled students to stand on a Starting university can be daunting, so it is ® picket line or take part in a march, so we would Vital that new suleeea) ewer 4 fs fhe encourage alternative platforms for activism. Every Support aval eral te SU od sh Hi @ SU document, including election manifestos, with information on the SU and Student hould also be produced in easy-to-read format, UGMs can be some of the most inaccessible and intimidating events the SU holds, with limited wheelchair access and bad acoustics. We would therefore implement an Accessible UGM. policy. Encourage more support groups ‘Wx Support groups are great for students to Y empathise with others and share experiences. Y We would love to aid people in forming new support groups e.g. for anxiety, depression and fatigue. We look forward to seeing what Chronic Support Group, the new Cancer Support Group and Student Minds have to offer! Retrieved from https://soasunion.org/pageassets/elections/manifestoegs/MANIFESTO-2014. pdf Adee and Welberg cing e Wee and highlight the Social Model of Disability. We would put on student-run workshops, coffee mains and “chilled nights" with boar games and films during this first week, and throughout the academicyear Work with the school to make SOAS more accessible, inclusive and stress-free Welcome Week, le would love to see a work-free chill- out zone in RS campus. We would also push for another member of staff in Student Advice and Wellbeing, for alternative assessment methods, and for greater accessibility in the North Block designs. 10 7. How many sources shall you incorporate in your paper? A. one source B. two sources C. three or more sources D. no need of any source 8. The following are to be considered in writing a manifesto, except A. What issue should | want to address? B. What do | want others do to address the issue? C. What changes must | see? D. All of the above 9. Which of the following is employed in writing a manifesto? A. Be concise and use clear language B. Avoid using long and complicated words Cc. AandB D. Neither A nor B 10.Which of the following is true in dealing with manifestos? A. Elaborate on skills if doing manifesto for an election B. Your manifesto is not about you but about your opponent. C. Both A and B are correct D. Only B is correct 13 Self-Check! Great job! You have completed Lesson 1 successfully! Before going to the next lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience. e ~ ! | have understood the lesson well and | can even teach what | | | learned to others. ' ‘ . a be | | have understood the lesson but there are still other things ' that | need to review and relearn. { t \ | need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson.| | need help in some tasks. t 1 If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 2. If you have checked the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve. 14 ) — ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES @ After doing the activities: I noticed A question I have is I'm not sure Il realized Visit these links for more information about position paper and manifesto writing: Links for Enrichment: https ://www. youtube.com/watch?v=JEMD4rEudzl position paper writing accessed May 24, 2020 https://soasunion.org/elections/manifestoegs/ manifesto accessed May 24, 2020 https://www.slideshare.net/ariandeisecalalang/position-paper-73298714 position paper writing accessed May 24, 2020 https ://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5c6e81f17d7453001a11c7b9/parts-of- osition-paper position paper writing accessed May 24, 2020 https ://www.swarthmore.edu/arts-social-change/sample-manifestos- swarthmore-students manifesto accessed May 24, 2020 15 WHAT IS IT There are two basic of writing which specialized at convincing. These are: 1. Persuasion appeals to readers’ emotions to make them believe something or take specific action. Persuasion can also use logic and evidence. Note: Refer to the color coding Steps in Persuasive Writing 1. 2. 3. 4. State your opinion and introduce your argument. Give your reasons for your opinion. Illustrate with examples to support your opinion. Restate your opinion and your suggested solution. Example: Parents’ love which is illustrated with their sacrifices is worth recognition. They send their children to school even if they have not gone to school themselves, even if their own wants are sacrificed just to fund students’ needs. You, dear students must recognize this immeasurable love of your parents by being good in your studies. 2. Argumentation relies on logic and evidence to build a case for a specific claim. Argumentation de-emphasizes appeals to emotion. Steps in Argumentative Writing 1. Make a claim 2. Support your claim with reasons/evidence 3. Acknowledge the counterclaim 4. 5 Refute the counterclaim . Conclude with strong statement 18 Example: Many students ignore the significance of doing well in their studies. They often neglect their parents’ sacrifices by getting low grades or worst yet getting a failing marks. On the other hand, psychologists say performance in school is influenced by many factors which include peers. However, to fair well in school is not only about influence but also about being exposed to social realities such as difficulties of getting decent job. Thus, funding students to school becomes a big sacrifice among parents. Persuasive versus Argumentative This table below will help you differentiate Persuasive writing from Argumentative writing. CHARACTERISTICS PERSUASIVE ARGUMENTATIVE Claim is based on Claim is based on CLAIM - . opinion factual evidence Asks audience to do Proves a point to the PURPOSE something. audience. Based on character and Based on stabilised BASIS on . emotion. position and logic. How did you find the new information you have learned? | hope it could help you as you accomplish the exercises that follow. Good Luck! 19 WHAT'S MORE ACTIVITY 1. MARK IT! Copy the table below in your notebook. Read the descriptions below and identify whether it is a form of persuasion or reason. Put an X on the appropriate box. PERSUASIVE | ARGUMENTATIVE DESCRIPTION WRITING WRITING 1. Writer starts with a strong opinion and researches reasons to support it 2. Writer starts with a topic, researches and discusses all sides of the issue, and chooses one side to support Appeals to readers with logic Appeals to readers with evidence Appeals to readers with emotion Outlines multiple sides of the issue Calls readers to action OLN) OP at rR) eo Uses passionate, urgent writing voice 9. Uses calm, neutral writing voice https://k12.thoughtfullearning.com/minilesson/distinguishing-argumentation-persuasion ACTIVITY 2. MY COMMUNITY Copy the table below in your notebook and list at least three (3) issues/situations in the society and state your opinion, stand about these issues by providing evidences/reasons. ISSUES IN THE STAND/ OPINION EVIDENCES/REASONS COMMUNITY (e.g.) NO facemask NO | Wearing mask in v_ Avoid virus entry in all establishment must be contagion establishments strictly observed. v Discipline is imposed 20 Reflective Questions: 1. Why do you think it is important to learn the various types of speech context? 2. Now that you have learned about speech context, what do think should a speaker do to be able to make appropriate speeches in particular situations? Remember! The activities that are important to make a convincing stand. A. Identify the issue B. Make a stand C. Formulate your thesis statement about your stand on the issue you have identified. D. Do research and readings to gather information that will be used as evidences. E. Present an effective argument The basic parts of a position paper are as follows: Introduction - Identification of the issue and background and the statement of the position. Body - Description of the argument Presentation of facts and evidences Conclusion - Restatement of main points and summarizes arguments Suggestion of the course of action or possible solutions Taking a stand about an issue will empower someone to change the opinions and attitudes of others. Thus, in bringing about societal change the challenge is to be firm in making a stand. 23 ACTIVITY 4. USE IT Read this sample position paper and identify the stand/ reasons of the writer. Use the reading guide provided for to facilitate better understanding of the paper. Use the template below to make your own position paper. READING GUIDE Please identify the following: Position Paper's Topic/ Issue: Evidences/ Reasons: Call for action/ Solution: Sample Position Paper Should Homework be Mandatory? | can almost see many students nodding along with me as | ask this question. Younger generations overloaded with home tasks and numerous assignments have already raised this issue many times. Yet, homework remains mandatory. Is it fair or should it be cancelled? | believe that homework should not be viewed as a mandatory part of education for several reasons. First, children spend seven hours every single work day at school. That is a huge chunk of life, and with homework added on top of these hours, a child is left with no time to live his life to the fullest, socialize, or grow in other areas. Second, sitting at your desk solving problems does no good to your health. Kids need time to get outside and have some fun, join a football league, or ride their bikes with friends around the block. Otherwise, children will be very smart but surprisingly weak physically. Another argument against this position is that homework is not always the best way to obtain knowledge quality-wise. Students tend to ask their parents or siblings for help whenever facing difficulties. Busy parents not always willing to spend extra time explaining school material to their little one solve the problems themselves aiming to have more time for family, not lessons. As a result, the child will have the homework done. But that's really not his work. So, the whole idea of dedicating time to self-education is lost here. 24 Finally, knowing that after classes you would still have to work at home makes a kid less concentrated at school. This results in short attention spans and difficulty to concentrate on something for too long. All in all, homework should rather be an option. Students understanding that they are left behind at some subjects will take their time to go over the material at home. However, in other cases, they should have time after school for other activities. Accessed from: (https //chiefessays.net/position-essay-examples-to-help-you-grasp-the-idea/) WHAT I CAN DO ACTIVITY 2.3 From the issues listed below, choose one (1) to work on to develop into a position paper. Second, do some researching/reading to gather information. Third, defend your stand by writing a position paper with the intention of convincing your reader to support your stand. Refer to the rubric on page 37. Write your position paper on a sheet of paper. List of Issues: Online Classes Among Public Schools Students Curfew Among Minors Community Lockdown Government Funds Distribution Cyber Bullying (topic of your choice) 25 Congratulations! The weeks you spent to ensure that you can express well in writing in various situations was worth it! Pat your back! You've made It! You now have a position paper of your own. POST ASSESSMENT Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the terms in column B. Write your answers in your notebook. PoONs oa Column A A one- sentence statement about the topic. A statement that relies on logic and evidence. A statement that appeals to emotion to convince. It is a part of the essay where you encourage readers to take action. It is a part of the essay which elaborates detail. A paper that poses the writers position of an issue. A type of writing which uses examples to defend a claim. An academic writing that shows how your stance relates to other positions. A written form that de-emphasizes appeal to emotion . An element of position paper which includes personal experiences to illustrate a position. 28 Column B A. Argument B. Persuasion C. Thesis D. Body E. Introduction F. Conclusion G. Position Paper Self-Check! Great job! You have completed Lesson 1 successfully! Before going to the next lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience. e ~ ! | have understood the lesson well and | can even teach what | | | learned to others. ' ; . S be | [have understood the lesson but there are still other things that | 1] [need to review and relearn. { oe eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee y' FO NN | need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. | } need help in some tasks. | ‘ If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 2. If you have checked the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve 29 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES Use the FOUR-SQUARE Writing Template below to draft your learning about writing a position paper. Write your answer in your notebook. Fs siormation Significant Learning/s \ Conclusion Realizations Short Description J 30