Young Adulthood(1), Study notes of Advanced Education

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Adulthood
(1)
 EDUC
P514
 
 Young
Adulthood:

 The
period
between
18‐25
 
 Physical
Development
 Cultural
and
National
Differences
 Strong
and
Healthy
Bodies:
in
good
health
 





















































A
time
for
hard
physical
work
and
 childbearing.
 





















































Physical
work
and
parenthood
are
no
longer
 expected
of
every
young
adult
in
the
twenty‐first
century.
 





















































emerging
adults
have
reached
full
height
 (girls
usually
by
age
16,
boys
by
age
18).
 





















































For
both
sexes,
muscle
growth
and
fat
 accumulation
continue
into
the
early
20s,
when
women
attain
adult
 breast
and
hip
size
and
men
reach
full
shoulder
width
and
upper‐arm
 strength.
 
 • By
age
20,
the
immune
system
has
developed
well
enough
to
fight
 off
everything
from
the
sniffles
to
cancer.
 • Usually,
blood
pressure
is
normal,
teeth
develop
no
new
cavities,
 heart
rate
is
steady,
the
brain
is
fully
grown,
and
lung
capacity
is
 as
large
as
it
will
ever
be.
 • Death
from
disease
almost
never
occurs
during
emerging
 adulthood.
 
 Sex and Reproduction • The sexual-reproductive system is especially vigorous . • The sex drive is powerful, infertility is rare, orgasm is frequent, and birth is easy, with fewer complications in the early 20s than at any other time. • Sexual-reproductive characteristics are produced by sex hormones, which peak in both sexes at about age 20. • With frequent intercourse and without contraception, the average woman in her early 20s becomes pregnant within three months. • Globalization, advanced technology, and modern medicine produce effective contraception, available in almost every nation. • As fewer infants die, people no longer need to begin childbearing before age 20 or to have four or more children simply to ensure that some of their children will survive. Homeostasis • The adjustment of all the body’s systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. • As the body ages, it takes longer for these adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress. • Nutrition and exercise underlie health at every age. Edgework • Occupations, recreational activities, or other ventures that involve a degree of risk or danger • The prospect of “living on the edge” makes edgework compelling to some individuals. Replacement Rate • The number of births per woman that would be required to maintain a nation’s (or the world’s) population with no increases or decreases. • The current replacement rate is considered to be about 2.1 births per woman. • Birth rates have declined the world over, with developing as well as developed nations recording lower fertility rates. • Advances in contraception have not only reduced the birth rate; they have also increased the rate of sexual activity, especially among unmarried adults.