Bio-social & Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood: Health & Mental Changes, Diapositivas de Psicología del Desarrollo

¡Descarga Bio-social & Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood: Health & Mental Changes y más Diapositivas en PDF de Psicología del Desarrollo solo en Docsity! 4. Young adulthood: Bio-social and cognitive development Bio-social development Health is influenced by: 1. Genes 2. Behavioural factors: • Eat • Sleep • Physical exercise • Risk: • Smoking • Drinking • Drugs Mental health problems: - Many emerging adults: IMPROVE their mental health and wellbeing DECREASE behavioural problems - However, psychological disorders INCREASE: Major depression Schizophrenia Bipolar disorders - WHY? They are overwhelmed by: Responsibilities Making life decisions Self-trust Becoming economically self-sufficient (¿Biological predisposition?) (p. 507 F0E0 Middle adulthood) Post-formal thinking is integrative Integrates: A Sufi teaching tale: “A stream was unable to cross a desert until a voice told it to let the wind carry it; the stream was dubious but finally agreed and was blown across”. What do you make of this Sufi tale? Differences between adolescents and adults: Adolescents remembered more details. Adults: Metaphorical meaning. Richer interpretations. Schaie: A Life-Span Model of Cognitive Development • 7 stages • Developing uses of the intellect • Social context • Motivational goals: a) WHAT I need to know Acquisition of information and skills b) HOW to use what I already know Practical integration of knowledge and skills c) WHY/WHAT FOR I should know Search for meaning and purpose 1. Acquisitive stage F0E0 Childhood and adolescence Acquisition of information and skills 2. Achieving stage F0E0 Late teens or early twenties to early thirties Using what they know to pursue goals (career and family) Sternberg: Insight and Know-How 1. Componential Element F0E0 Analitical ability. Performing exams 2. Experiential Element F0E0 Creative Insight 3. Contextual Element F0E0 Practical Intelligence Tacit Knowledge F0E0 Know- HOW (Commonsense) a) Self-Management F0 E0 Knowing how to motivate oneself and how to organise time and energy b) Managing tasks F0 E0 Knowing how to write a term paper or a grant proposal c) Managing others F0 E0 Knowing when and how to reward or criticise subordinates a) Contents of the Test: Hypothetical situations related to work situations: E.g. how best to angle for a promotion b) The test-taker is asked about what course of action to choose c) Their answers are compared with - expert’s answers - and with accepted rules of thumb Measured in this way: - Unrelated to IQ (Intellectual Quotient) - Predicts job performance better than do psychometric tests Emotional Intelligence: Salovey and Mayer 4 abilities related to: 1. Ability to perceive emotions 2. Ability para use emotions 3. Ability to understand emotions 4. Habilidad to manage or regulate emotions These abilities help you to achieve goals They help you to deal more effectively with your social environment MSCEIT Test (Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test): Example: “Tom felt anxious and became a bit stressed when he thought about all the work he needed to do. When his supervisor brought him an additional project, he felt a) overwhelmed b) depressed c) ashamed d) self-conscious e) jittered (nervous or uneasy) College Students High Scores High Scores - While you are walking forward, the therapist instroduces changes in the sequence. Carry out experiments. Moral reasoning: Kohlberb Adults Postconventional morality Depends on the experience Adults may or may not reach postconventional stage Culture and moral reasoning • No generalizations • Though Kohlberg’s test is based on a sense of justice • Chinese people, based on the sense of harmony and conciliation F0E0 how to please more parties Gender and moral reasoning Gilligan: Asked pregnant women whether to interrupt their pregnancy or not Conclusion: • Women perceive morality in terms of selfishness vs responsibility • Men think in terms of fairness and justice Using Kohlberg’s dilemmas F0E0 no differences between men and women