Agrícultura Organica, Apuntes de Ingeniería Agronómica

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Irena 2 AI A A EIA AAA SAO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE STATISTICS € EMERGING TRENDS 2016 AAA S EA IS AAA AOS TT METE AT Pa IS TN e timemmaional E e BIOFACH AS rate Ito agar entro OEA ALCOI VARAS EUA TIRA STR OSEA ATI RA ANA SONITONO www.ifoam. bio/organic3zero go + GRAY SEKEM 3.0Ad_StalisticsBook.indd 1 5 22.Jan.2016 16:30 MES Table of Contents Glossary 14 Foreword from SECO and ITC 15 Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM — Organics International 16 Foreword from the Editors 17 Acknowledgements 18 Organic Agriculture 2016: Key Indicators and Top Countries 23 The World of Organic Agriculture 2016: Summary 24 Helga Willer and Julia Lernoud 'ORGANIC AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE: CURRENT STATISTICS 33 Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Area, Producers, Markets, and Selected Crops 34 Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer > Introduction 34 > General notes on the data 36 > Organic agricultural land 38 > Shares of organic agricultural land by region and country 42 > Development of the organic agricultural land 46 > — AlLorganic areas, including non-agricultural areas 52 > Organic producers and other operator types 58 > Market and international trade data 64 > Organic farming in developing countries and in emerging markets 68 > — Landuse and crop data 70 > Arableland 74 > Permanent crops 76 > Wild collection and beekeeping areas 78 > Beehives 82 > — Statistics on selected crops 85 > > Cereals 86 > > Citrus fruit 90 > > Cocoa beans 92 > > Coffee 94 > > Dried pulses 96 > > Fruit: Temperate fruit 98 > > Fruit: Tropical and subtropical fruit 102 > > Grapes 106 > > Oilseeds 108 > > Olives 112 > > Vegetables 114 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 3 able of Contents ComMODITY CASE STUDIES The State of Sustainable Markets: Statistics and Emerging Trends - 2015 Julia Lernoud, Jason Potts, Gregory Sampson, Vivek Voora, Helga Willer and Joseph Wozniak > > > Market overview Sector-specific highlights More information Organic Cotton Lies] Truscott, Evonne Tan, and Lisa Emberson > > > > > > Trends Geography of production Market value Voluntary organic supply chain standards Challenges for organic cotton Opportunities for organic cotton THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ORGANIC FOOD 8, DRINK The Global Market for Organic Food €: Drink Amarjit Sahota > > > > > Introduction North America Europe Other regions Challenges and growth outlook STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND ORGANIC POLICIES Standards and Regulations Beate Huber, Otto Schmid, and Carolin Móller > > > Organic legislation worldwide: current situation The Codex Alimentarius Guidelines: Recent developments Import requirements of major economies Overview of Participatory Guarantee Systems in 2015 Simona D'Amico and Flávia Castro > > Establishment of PGS in the Pacific region PGS worldwide: Figures and reflections on future development The Case for Public-Private Collaboration on Organic Agriculture Diane Bowen > > The need for collaboration between governments and the organic sector Shared goals Assets and complementary roles Risk management Trends in collaboration Public-private collaboration at the international level FIBL £.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 117 118 118 121 122 127 127 129 131 131 132 132 133 134 134 135 135 136 137 139 140 140 143 144 147 148 149 152 152 152 153 154 154 155 MES ÁFRICA 157 Latest Developments in Organic Agriculture in Africa 158 Jordan Gama > The African Organic Network (AfrONet) 158 > TheThird African Organic Conference 2015 in Nigeria 159 > Strategic Plan (2015-2025) for the Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative (EOAD for Africa 160 > Outlook 161 Africa: Current Statistics 163 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Africa: Graphs 164 Organic Agriculture in Africa: Tables 167 ASIA 171 Organic Asia 2015 172 Ong Kung Wai > Overview summary 172 > — Thechallenge of providing assurance without disrupting supply chains 173 > — Towards an ASEAN €: Global Organic Economic Community 174 > Bhutan takes steps toward 100% organic 175 > Nepal formally incorporates promotion of organic agriculture 175 > India aims high 176 > Sri Lanka offers support for domestic development besides export 177 > — Chinastreamlines and sends more inspectors out 178 > — Japan prepares for Tokyo Olympics 2020 178 > Malaysia to resolve certification implementation 178 > Thailand maps its market and organic made top five agenda 179 > — Vietnam goes private 180 Asia: Current statistics 182 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer, and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Asia: Graphs 183 Organic Agriculture in Asia: Tables 185 EUROPE 189 Organic Farming in Europe 190 Helga Willer and Stephen Meredith > Country highlights 190 > EU policy andrregulatory framework on organic farming 193 > Research 193 > — Vision and strategy for European organic agriculture 196 Europe: Key indicators 198 FIBL £ IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 5 MEA Oceania: Current statistics 281 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Oceania: Graphs 282 Organic Agriculture in Oceania: Tables 284 BETTER DATA 287 Thailand: Organic Market Study: Methodology and Results 289 Vitoon Panyakul > Definition of “organic” 289 > Selection criteria for marketing channels 289 > Inventory of sales points and data collection methodology 289 > — TheThai organic market 290 > Ninety-two percent of consumers are aware of organic 290 Organic Farm-Gate Data in Australia — Past and Future 292 Els Wymen > Introduction 292 > Area and number of producers 292 > Data on farm-gate sales 293 > ABSandthe value of agricultural commodities produced in 2010-11 (VACP) 295 > Summary and conclusions 296 Data Availability and Data Collection Systems: Findings from the 17" Survey on Organic Agriculture Worldwide 299 Helga Willer > — Data availability by indicator 300 > Data collection systems 300 > Regional initiatives 301 > Global Survey on Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) 302 > — Next global survey on organic agriculture 302 OuTLO0K 303 Strategizing the Details of Organic 3.0 304 Markus Arbenz > Theneed for Organic 3.0 304 > Organic 3.0: Goal 8: concept 305 > Organic 3.0: Strategy 306 ANNEX 309 Key Indicators by Country 311 Data Providers and Data Sources 315 Compiled by Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer Index 332 8 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn able of Contents Tables Table 1: Countries and areas covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2014 Table 2: World: Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) and regions shares of the global organic agricultural land 2014 Table 3: World: Organic agricultural land (Gncluding in-conversion areas) by country 2014 (sorted) Table 4: World: Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) and shares of total agricultural land by region 2014... Table 5: World: Shares oforganic agricultural land by country 2014 (sorted). Table 6: World: Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) by region: gra Table 7: World: Development of organic agricultural land by country 2011-2014... Table 8: World: Organic areas: Agricultural land (including conversion areas) and further organic areas by region in 2014 53 Table 9: World: All organic areas by country 2014... 53 Table 10: World: Development of the numbers of producers by region 2013 to 2014 . 58 Table 11: World: Organic producers and other operator types by country 2014. 60 Table 12: Global market data: Retail sales, organic share of all retail sales, per capita consumption, and exports by country 2014, 66 Table 13: Countries on the DAClist: Development of organic agricultural land 2009-2014. . 68 Table 14: World: Land use in organic agriculture by region (including in-conversion areas) 2014 71 Table 15: World: Land use and crop categories in organic agriculture worldwide 2014 73 Table 16: Use of organic arable land (including in-conversion areas), 2013 and 2014 compare 74 Table 17: Use of organic permanent cropland (including in-conversion areas), 2013 and 2014 compared. . 76 Table 18: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by region 2013 and 2014 compared. 78 Table 19: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by crop group 2014, 78 Table 20: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by country 2014.. 80 Table 21: Number of organic beehives by country 2014, 84 Table 22: Selected key crop groups and crops in organic agriculture 2014 (overview): Land under organic management (including conversion areas)... 85 Table 23: Cereals: Organic area by country 2014, 88 Table 24: Citrus fruit: Organic area by country 2014 91 Table 25: Cocoa beans: Organic area by country 2014. 93 Table 26: Coffee: Organic area by country 2014. 95 Table 27: Dried pulses: Organic area by country 2014. 97 Table 28: Temperate fruit: Organic area by crop 2014. 98 Table 29: Temperate fruit: Organic area by country 2014. . 100 Table 30: Tropical and subtropical fruit: Organic area by crop 2014. -103 Table 31: Tropical and subtropical fruit: Organic area by country 2014. 104 Table 32: Grapes: Organic area by country 2014. -107 ilseeds: Organic area by crop 2014 -108 : Oilseeds: Organic area by country 2014... Table 35: Olives: Organic area by country 2014. Table 36: Vegetables: Organic area by country 2014. Table 37: Organic cotton producers, area and production Table 38: Countries with regulations on organic agriculture 2015. . Table 39: Countries in the process of drafting regulations 2015. . Table 40: Countries with a national standard but without a national legislation 2015 Table 41: Africa: Organic agricultural land, share of total agricultural land and number of organic producers 2014.. 115 129 All organic areas 2014, Table 43: Africa: Land use in organic agriculture 2014. Use of wild collection areas 2014... sia: Land use in organic agriculture (fully converted and in conversion) 2014. Table 48: Asia: Use of wild collection areas 2014... Table 49: Europe: Key indicators by country and country group 2014, Table 50: Europe: Organic agricultural land by land use type 2014, Table 51: Europe: Shares of organic products and product groups of their respective total markets for selected countries 2014... FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 9 MEA Table 52: Europe: Organic agricultural land 2013 and 2014, growth and share of total agricultural land..220 Table 53: Europe: Land use and crop groups in organic agriculture 2013 and 2014. 221 Table 54: Europe: All organic areas 2014 . 222 Table 55: Europe: Organic producers, processors and importers by country group 2014.. 223 Table 56: Europe: The market for organic food 2014... ..224 Table 57: Latin America: Organic agricultural land, share of total agricultural land and number of producers 2014 . Table 58: Latin America: All organic areas 2014, Table 59: Latin America: Land use in organic agriculture 2014. Table 60: Latin America: Use of wild collection areas 2014... Table 61: North America: Organic agricultural land, share of total agricultural land and number of producers 2014 . -265 Table 62: North America: All organic areas 2014, Table 63: North America: Land use in organic agriculture 2014 Table 64: Australia: Organic retail sales by market channel in Australia based on retail sales value (AUD). Table 65: Pacific Islands: Organic Products. . Table 66: Oceania: Organic agricultural land, share of total agricultural land and number of producers 2014 Table 67: Oceania: All organic areas 2014, Table 68: Oceania: Land use in organic agriculture 2014. Table 69: Thailand: Marketing channels included in the market study of the Thai organic market. Table 70: Thailand: Market value by channel in 2014... o Table 71: Australia: Area under organic management and numbers of organic producers (1982-2014). ...293 Table 72: Australia: Farm-gate sales of organic industry — various years. . Table 73: Organic agricultural land, share of total agricultural land, number of producers, and retail sales 2014... Figures World: Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2014. 'orld: The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2014. Figure 3: World: Countries with more than 10 percent of organic agricultural land 2014 orld: Distribution of the organic shares of the agricultural land 2014.. : World: Growth of the organic agricultural land 1999-2014... World: Growth of the organic agricultural land by continent 2006 to 2014. 'orld: The ten countries with the highest increase of organic agricultural land 2014 Figure 8: World: Distribution of all organic areas 2014. Total: 81.2 million hectares Figure 9: World: Distribution of organic producers by region 2014 (Total: 2.3 million producers).. Figure 10: World: The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2014. Figure 11: Global market for organic food: Distribution of retail sales by country 2014... Figure 12: Global market for organic food: Distribution of retail sales by region 2014. Figure 13: Global market: The countries with the largest markets for organic food 2014 Figure 14: Global market: The ten countries with the highest per capita consumption 2014 Figure 15: Countries on the DAC list: The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural landin 2014... Figure 16: Countries on the DAC lis landin 2014... Figure 17: World: Distribution of main land use types by region 2014. Figure 18: World: Distribution of main land use types and crop categories Figure 19: World: Development of organic arable land, permanent cropland and permanent grassland/grazing areas 2004-2014, Figure 20: World: Distribution of organic arable cropland by region 2014. Figure 21: World: Use of arable cropland by crop group 2014. Figure 22: World: Distribution of permanent cropland by region 2014. Figure 23: World: Use of permanent cropland by crop group 2014. Figure 24: World: Distribution of organic wild collection and beekeeping areas by region in 2014.. Figure 25: World: The ten countries with the largest organic wild collection and beekeeping areas in 2014. . Figure 26: World: Distribution of organic beehives by region in 2014. 69 : The ten countries with the highest shares of organic agricultural 10 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn able of Contents lorld Map of Organic Agriculture: Organic agricultural land by country 2014. Map 3: World Map of Organic Agriculture: Organic producers by country 2014 World Map of Organic Agriculture: Organic retail sales by country 2014. ¡umber of producers involved in PGS around the world in 2015. Organic agricultural land in the countries of Africa 2014, Organic agricultural land in the countries of Asia 2014, Map 8: Organic agricultural land in the countries of Europe 2014 . Map 9: Organic agricultural land in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014. Map 10: Organic agricultural land in Canada and the US 2014... Map 11: Organic agricultural land in the countries of Oceania 201: -148 157 171 -189 231 .249 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 3 Glossary €/ person: Per capita consumption in euros AMI: Agrarmarkt-Informationsgesellschaft - Agricultural Market Information Company, Germany “AROS: Asia Regional Organic Standard ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASOA: ASEAN Standard for Organic Agriculture CAP: Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union CIHEAM: Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes CNCA: China National Certification and Accreditation Administration COROS: Common Objectives and Requirements of Organic Standards (COROS) are the Standards Requirements of TFOAM - Organics International COTA: Canada Organic Trade Association, Canada CPC: Candidates and Potential Candidates for the European Union CTAB: Technical Center of Organic Agriculture, Tunisia DGAB: Direction Génerale de l'Agriculture Biologique, Tunisia EACCE: Etablissement Autonome de Contróle et Coordination et des Exportations EFTA: European Free Trade Association ElP-AGRI: European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability EOA: Ecological Organic Agriculture; Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative for Africa EU: European Union EU-13: The countries that became a member of the European Union in or after May 1, 2004 EU-15: Member countries in the European Union prior to the accession often candidate countries on 1 May 2004 EU-28: Member countries of the European Union EU-Med: European Mediterranean Countries Eurostat: Statistical office of the European Union, Luxembourg FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FAOSTAT: Statistics Division of FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FiBL: Forschungsinstitut fúr biologischen Landbau - Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland GATS: USDA's Global Agriculture Trade System, United States of America GOT:: Global Organic Textile Standard Ha: Hectares Hivos: Dutch Humanist Institute for Cooperation. Horizon 2020: Research and Innovation programme of the European Union, running from 2014 to 2020 ES codes: Harmonized System Codes TAMB: Llstituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute Bari, Italy TFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development TFOAM EU Group: European Union Group of IFOAM - Organics International TISD: International Institute of Sustainable Development, Canada ISOFAR: International Society of Organic Agriculture Research, Germany TTC: International Trade Centre, Switzerland MAEP: Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Serbia Mio.: Million MOAN: Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Network, Italy NASAA: National Association for Sustainable Agriculture, Australia NASS: USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Services, United States of America CS: Organic Content Standard OrganicDataNetmork: Data network for better European organic market information OrMaCode: ORganic market data MAnual and CODE of Practice - Manual and Code of Practice for the initiation and maintenance of good organic market data collection and publication procedures OTA: Organic Trade Association, United States of America OWC: Organic World Congress o£IFOAM - Organics International PGS: Participatory Guarantee Systems POETcom: Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community SECO: State Secretariat for Economic Affairs, Switzerland SEM: Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries SÓL: Stiftung Okologie £e Landbau - Foundation Ecology €: Agriculture, Germany SPC: Secretariat of the Pacific Community SSI: State of Sustainability Initiatives, Canada SOAAN: Sustainable Organic Agriculture Action Network TIPI: Technology Innovation Platform of IFOAM - Organics International TP Organics: European Technology Platform for Organic Food and Farming USDA: United States Department of Agriculture VCO: Virgin Coconut Oil VSS: Voluntary Sustainabilty Standards 14 FIBL 8 IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Foreword from SECO and Foreword from SECO and ITC This book provides a clear statement on the resilience of the organic trend. On the consumer side, organic products with a total value of 80 billion US dollars were sold globally in 2014. High growth rates were recorded in the advanced markets for organic products. The market in the United States, the biggest organic market, grew by more than 11 percent in 2014. In Switzerland, where the market has been evolving over several years with high growth rates, it grew by 7.5 percent. The production side is also keeping pace: The latest data show that organic farmland has grown in many countries and the total organic area increased to 43.7 million hectares. In particular, for some tropical crops such as coffee, area growth rates of almost 10 percent were reached in 2014. “New” countries have joined the community of organic producers, so there are now 172. One challenge is the global organic production compared to the overwhelming majority of “conventional” production. For coffee, the organic area represented almost 8 percent, and for cocoa, 2.5 percent of the total world area for these crops. On the other hand, the importance of other sustainability standards is increasing. However, data on the performance of these Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) are still scarce and, therefore, collecting timely and accurate market data to facilitate policy and investment decisions is important for policymakers, market actors, and donors. The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), IISD's! State of Sustainability Initiatives (SSI), and the International Trade Centre (ITC) have partnered with the support of SECO in joint data collection efforts to ensure continuous, accurate, and relevant reporting. This partnership has developed a list of indicators and has collected data on nine selected commodities from 14 VSS. The data was published at the end of 2015.? It is essential for the organic community to gather relevant information on market trends in order to continue attracting the various stakeholders. Transparent information enables credibility and informed decisions on the costs and benefits of organic production for both the producer and the buyer. This book makes a major contribution to such transparency. Considering the latest figures and the continuous and sustainable growth over many years, the organic movement can look confidently into the future. Thierry Buchs Joseph Wozniak Head of the Division for Trade Promotion Manager of the Trade for Sustainable Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Development (T4SD) Programme Affairs (SECO) International Trade Centre (ITC) Bern, Switzerland Geneva, Switzerland *JISD is the International Institute of Sustainable Development, www.iisd.org ?The report “The State of Sustainable Markets. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2015" is available for download on the ITC website at http:/ /www.intracen.org/publication/The-State-of-Sustainable-Markets. A summary is available on page 122. FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 15 CERMERAS Acknowledgements The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM - Organics International are very grateful to their sponsors for granting financial support for the global data collection and for the 2016 edition of “The World of Organic Agriculture”: the International Trade Centre (ITC), Geneva, Switzerland, the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Economic Development and Cooperation (within the framework of its support activities for organic production in developing countries), Bern, Switzerland, and NimbergMesse, the organizers of BIOFACH, Núrmberg, Germany. Numerous individuals have contributed to the making of this work. The editors are very grateful to all those listed below, without whom it would not have been possible to produce this yearbook. Mohamed Salih Abdalla, Organic Farming Project, Deutsche Gesellschaft fisr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, GIZ International Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gyorgyi Acs Feketene, Control Union Certifications, Zwolle, The Netherlands; Olugbenga O. AdeOluwa, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Raymond Aendekerk, Institut fir biologesch Landwirtschaft an Agrarkultur asbl IBLA Luxemburg, Munsbach. Luxembourg; Uygun Aksoy, Ege University, Bornova Izmir, Turkey; Lina AL Bitar, Centro Internazionale di Alti Studi Agronomici Mediterranei - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari - CIHEAM- IAM Bari, Valenzano, Italy; Mazen Al Madani, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria; Mohammed Al-Oun, Jordan National Centre for Research and Development, Jordan; Saif Moh Al-Shara, Ministry of Environment and Water, Agricultural Affairs and Animal Sector, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Mirit Amrani, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel; Jefferson Andrade, International Institute for Sustainable Development (1ISD), Budapest, Hungary; Stoilko Apostolow, Bioselena: Foundation for organic agriculture, Karlovo, Bulgaria; Markus Arbenz, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Lidya Ariesusanty, Indonesia Organic Alliance IOA, Bogor, Indonesia; Estevan Assi, Toledo Cacao Growers Association, Belmopan, Belize; Angel Atallah, CCPB/IMC, Beirut, Lebanon; Raymond Auerbach, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, George, South Africa; Elhag Meki Ali Awouda, Federal Ministry of Agriculture €: Irrigation, Sudan; Roberto Azofeifa, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, La Sabana, San José, Costa Rica; Vugar Babayev, Ganja Agribusiness Association (GABA), Ganja City, Azerbaijan; Christian Báez, Agrocalidad, Quito, Ecuador; Andrew Bayliss, Soil Association Certification Limited, Bristol, UK; Milena Belli, Istituto per la Certificazione Etica ed Ambientale (ICEA), Bologna. Italy; Paulina Betancourt, Agrocalidad, Quito, Ecuador; Simone Bissig, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland; Marian Blom, Bionext, AR Zeist, The Netherlands; Nathalie Boes, Certisys, Walhain; Thavisith Bounyasouk, Department of Agriculture (DOA), Vientiane, Lao PDR; Lorcan Bourke, Bord Bia - Irish Food Board, Dublin 2, Ireland; Diane Bowen, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Claudius Bredehoeft, Organic Farming Project, Deutsche Gesellschaft fir Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, GIZ International Services, Bonn, Germany; Trevor Brown, Jamaica Organic Agriculture Movement JOAM, Kingston 6, Jamaica; Marie Reine Bteich, Centro Internazionale di Alti Studi Agronomici Mediterranei - Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari - CIHEAM- IAM Bari, Bari, Italy; Klaus Búchel, Klaus Búchel Anstalt, Mauren, Liechtenstein; Andreas Búrkert, Universitat Kassel, Fachbereich Ókologische Agrarwissenschaften University of Kassel, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Witzenhausen, Germany; Annabelle 18 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn LERMA Bushell, — Australian Organic, Nundah, Australia Carmen Il Calverley, NaturErhvervstyrelsen, Center for Jordbrug, Zkologi, Koebenhavn V, Denmark; Flávia Castro, IEOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Johan Cejie, KRAV Incorporated Association, Uppsala, Sweden; Jennifer Chang, Korean Federation of Sustainable Agriculture Organizations (KESA), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Allal Chibane, Ministére de l'Agriculture et de la Péche Maritime, Rabat, Morocco; Stanley Chidaya, Malawi Organic Growers Association (MOGA), Lilongwe, Malawi; Thomas Cierpka, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Marian Cioceanu, Bio Romania, Bucuresti, Romania; Dominikus Collenberg, Organic Africa, Pomona-Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Genaro Coronel, Servicio Nacional de Calidad y Sanidad Vegetal y de Semillas SENAVE, Asunción, Paraguay; Ruben Cortes, Institute of Market Ecology IMO, Weinfelden, Switzerland; Martin Cottingham, UK; Catarina Crisostomo, Portugal; Simona D'Amico, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Nune Darbinyan, ECOGLOBE - Organic control and certification body, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia; Mgeta Daud, Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement (TOAM), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Famara Diédhiou, Fédération Nationale pour TAgriculture Biologique, Thiés, Senegal; Dóra Drexler, Hungarian Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (ÓMKi), Budapest, Hungary; Loli Edeso, RUTA, San José, Costa Rica; Pilar M. Eguillor Recabarren, Oficina de Estudios y Politicas Agrarias ODEPA, Santiago Centro, Chile; Lucy Ellis, Department of Agriculture, Stanley, Falkland Islands/Malvinas; Sandra Elvir Sanchez, SENASA HONDURAS, Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganadería, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Lisa Emberson, Textile Exchange, London, UK; Carlos Escobar, ECONEXOS, Conexion Ecologica, Cali, Colombia; Richard Escobar, Ecocert, Bogota, Colombia; Angela Pernas Escosteguy, Instituto do Bem-Estar, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Monique Faber, Administration des services techniques de l'agriculture (ASTA), Luxembourg; Addisu Alemayehu Ferede, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research EIAR, Akaki, Ethiopia; Tobias Fischer, BCS Óko-Garantie GmbH, Núrnberg, Germany; Barbara Fitch Haumann, Organic Trade Association (OTA), Brattleboro, United States of America; Patricia Flores Escudero, Latin American Office, IEOAM - Organics International, Lima, Peru; Emmeline Foubert, Certisys, Walhain, Belgium; Carolin Funck, Hiroshima University, Japan; Jordan Gama, AfrONet, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Salvador Garibay, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Erick, Switzerland; Maheswar Ghimire, Kathmandu, Nepal; Laurent C. Glin, FiBL Regional Office for West Africa, Benin; Camille Godard, Ecocert International, Office, Llsle Jourdain, France; Denise Godinho, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Ana Goloborodco, Ecocert, Bucuresti, Romania; Victor Gonzálvez Pérez, Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecologica (SEAE) / Spanish Society for Organic Agriculture, Catarroja, Spain; Daniel Gorba, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland; Roberto Gortaire Amézcua, Ecuador; David Gould, IFOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; P.V.S.M. Gouri, Agricultural and Processed Food Products. Export Development Authority, New Delhi, India; Catherine Greene, Economic Research Service USDA, Washington DC, United States; Simone Groh, CERES - CERtification of Environmental Standards - GmbH, Happurg, Germany; Rannveig Gudleifsdóttir, Vottunarstofan Tún ehf., Reykjavik, Iceland; Gunnar Gunnarsson, Vottunarstofan Tún ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland; Marco Hartmann, Deutsche Gesellschaft fir Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Bonn, Germany; Abid Ali Hasan, Zakho Small Villages Projects ZSVP, Dohuk City, Dohuk, Iraq; Sampsa Heinonen, Evira, Helsinki, Finland; Loni Hensler, Institute of Market Ecology IMO, Weinfelden, Switzerland; Otto Hofer, Bundesministerium fúr Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Wien, Austria; Matthew Holmes, Canada Organic Trade Association, Ottawa, Canada; Andrea Hrabalová, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information (UZEl), Brno, Czech Republic; Beate Huber, Research Institute of Organic FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 19 CERMERAS Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland; Basri Hyseni, Initiative for agricultural development of Kosovo (IADK), Mitrovica, Republic of Kosovo; Nizami Ibrahimli, Azerbaijan; Edmundo Janco Mita, Asociación de Organizaciones de Productores Ecológicos de Bolivia AOPEB, La Paz, Bolivia; Jorge Leonardo Jave Nakayo, SENASA, Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima, Peru; Ágnes Juhász, National Food Chain Safety Office nébih, Budapest, Hungary; Jack Juma, Kenya Organic Agricultural Network (KOAN), Nairobi, Kenya; Man Chul Jung, Korean Federation of Sustainable Agriculture Organizations (KESA), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Edith Kalka, Namibian Organic Association NOA, Okahandja, Namibia; Thilak Kariyawasam, Lanka Organic Agriculture Movement (LOAM), Nawinna, Maharagama, Sri Lanka; Andrey Khodus, Eco-control Ltd., Solnechnogorsk, Russian Federation; Corinne Khoury, IMCERT Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon; Nadine Kieffer, Administration des services techniques de lagriculture (ASTA), Luxembourg; Cornelia Kirchner, IEOAM - Organics International, Bonn, Germany; Bernisa Klepo, Organska Kontrola (OK), Sarajevo, Bosnia 8: Herzegovina; Barbara Kócher-Schulz, AMA-Marketing GesmbH AMA, Wien, Austria; Marja-Riitta Kottila, Pro Luomu, Kauniainen, Finland; Kai Kreuzer, Organic-Market.Info, Lauterbach, Germany; Heinz Kuhlmann, ABC Enterprises, Tokio, Japan; Manoj Kumar Menon, International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture ICCOA, Rajarajeshwarinagar, Bangalore, India; Shaknoza Kurbanalieva, HELVETAS Swiss Association for International Cooperation, Jalal-Abad, the Kyrgyz Republic; Noel Kwai, Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement TOAM, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Carla Larsson, Statistics Sweden, Órebro; Hyejin Lee, Korea Rural Economic institute (KREI), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Marie-Eve Levert, Canada Organic Trade Association, Ottawa, Canada; Ralph Liebing, ORA - Organic Retailers Association, Wien, Austria; Ming Chao Liu, Organics Brazil, Brazil; Martin Lundo, Food Industries, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Alexander Lysenkov, ABCert GmbH, Esslingen, Germany; Samia Maamer Belkhiria, Ministére de l'Agriculture, des Ressources Hydrauliques et de la Péche, Tunis, Tunisia; Anne Macey, Canadian Organic Growers COG, Canada; Marcela Machuca Henao, Ecocert, Bogota D.C, Colombia; Hossein Mahmoudi, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Evin Shahid Beheshti University SBU, Velenjak, Evin, Tehran, Iran; Ula Makkawi, Federal Ministry Of Agriculture €: Irrigation, Sudan; Fernando Maldonado, Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal y Animal, El Salvador; John Manhire, AgriBusiness Group, Lincoln, New Zealand; Mithona Mao, Cambodian Organic Agriculture Association (COrAA), Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Karen Mapusua, Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), Suva, Fiji; Silvia Margoth Mejía, Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal, “Enrique Álvarez Córdova” CENTA, El Salvador; Cliflyn McKenzie, Ecocert Southern Africa, Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa; Scott McFatridge, International Institute for Sustainable Development (1ISD), Nairobi, Kenya; Laercio Meirelles, Centro Ecologico, Torres, Brazil; Stephen Meredith, IFOAM EU Group, Brussels, Belgium; Merit Mikk, Centre of Ecological Engineering - Ókoloogiliste Tehnoloogiate Keskus, Tartu, Estonia; Eugene Milovanov, Organic Federation of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Pham Minh Duc, Vietnam; Natasa Mirecki, University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro; Julie Kilde Mjelva, Norwegian Agricultural Authority SLE, Oslo, Norway; Simon Moakes, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland; Andrew Monk, Australian Organic, Nundah, Australia; Carolin Móller, Germany; Katsushige Murayama, Japan; Mersida Musabegovic, Organska Kontrola (OK), Sarajevo, Bosnia 8: Herzegovina; Charity Namuwoza, National Organic Agricultural Movement of Uganda NOGAMU, Kampala, Uganda; Douglas A. Navarro, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal, Coordinador Area de Inocuidad de Alimentos y Agricultura Orgánica, El Salvador; Richard Ngunjiri, Kenya Organic Agricultural Network (KOAN), Nairobi, Kenya; Tú Thi Tuyét Nhung, Vietnam 20 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Stati Key Indicators Organic Agriculture 2016: Key Indicators and Top Countries Indicator World Top countries Countries with organic 2014:172 countries New countries: Kiribati, Puerto Rico, activities” Suriname, United States Virgin Islands Organic agricultural 2014: 43.7 million hectares Australia (17.2 million hectares; 2013) land (1999:11 million hectares) Argentina (3.1 million hectares) US (2.2 million. hectares, 2013) 2014: 0.99 %' Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (36.3 %) agricultural land Liechtenstein (30.9 %) Austria (19.4 %) Wild collection and 2014: 37.6 million hectares Finland (9.2 million hectares) further, non-agricultural — (2999: 4 million hectares) Zambia(6.8 million hectares) areas India (4 million hectares) Producers 2014: 2.3 million producers India (650'000; 2013) (1999: 200'000 producers) Uganda (190'552) Mexico (169'703; 2013) Organic market size 2014: 80 billion US dollars us (35.9 billion USD; 27.1 billion euros) (1999: 15.2 billion US dollars) Germany (10.5 billion USD; 7.9 billion euros) France (6.8 billion USD; 4.8 billion euros) Per capita consumption — 2014:11US dollars (14 euros)? Switzerland (221 euros) Luxemburg (164 euros) Denmark (162 euros) Number of countries 2015: 87 countries with organic regulations Number of IFOAM 2015: 784 affiliates from 117 Germany - 91 affiliates affiliates countries China -57 affiliates India - 44 affiliates USA- 40 affiliates Source: FIBL survey 2016, based on national data sources and data from cert Global market: Organic Monitor 2016 * Where the designation "country" appears in this book, it covers countries or areas see UNSTAT website http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm. ? Share of the countries included in the FiBL survey 2016. * Total world population 7.26 billion in 2014 according to FAOSTAT, FAO, Rome; http://faostat3.£ao.org/download/O/OA/E. FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 23 The World of Organic A; The World of Organic Agriculture 2016: Summary Helga Willer* and Julia Lernoud? Key data on organic agriculture According to the latest FiBL survey on certified organic agriculture worldwide, as of the end of 2014, data on organic agriculture was available from 172 countries (up from 170 in 2013). There were 43.7 million hectares of organic agricultural land in 2014, induding in- conversion areas. The regions with the largest areas of organic agricultural land are Oceania (17.3 million hectares, 40 percent of the world's organic agricultural land) and Europe (11.6 million hectares, 27 percent). Latin America has 6.8 million hectares (15 percent) followed by Asia (3.6 million hectares, 8 percent), North America (3.1 million hectares, 7 percent) and Africa (1.3 million hectares, 3 percent). The countries with the most organic agricultural land are Australia (17.2 million hectares), Argentina (3.1 million hectares), and the United States (2.2 million hectares). For the detailed results of the survey, see page 34. Currently, one percent of the agricultural land in the countries covered by the survey is organic. By region, the highest organic shares of the total agricultural land are in Oceania (4.1 percent) and in Europe (2.4 percent). In the European Union, 5.7 percent of the farmland is organic. However, some countries reach far higher shares: Falkland Islands (36.3 percent), Liechtenstein (30.9 percent), Austria (19.4) percent. In eleven countries, more than ten percent of the agricultural land is organic. For 2014, almost 500'000 more hectares of organic agricultural land were reported than for 2013. There has been an increase in organic agricultural land in all regions, with the exception of Latin America; in Europe, the area grew by almost 0.3 million hectares (+2 percent). In Africa, the area grew by almost 5.5 percent (over 54'000 hectares); in Asia, the area grew by more than 158'000 hectares (+4.7 percent) and in North America by more than 1 percent.* Only in Latin America did the organic land decrease, mainly due to a decrease in organic grazing areas in Argentina. A major relative increase of organic agricultural land was noted for Nigeria, Myanmar, Tonga, and Malta. In absolute terms, the highest increases were noted for Uruguay (almost 0.4 million hectares), India (+0.2 million hectares) and the Russian Federation (+0.1 million hectares). Apart from agricultural land, there are further organic areas, most of these being areas for wild collection. Other areas include aquaculture, forests, and grazing areas on non- agricultural land. The areas of non-agricultural land constitute more than 37.6 million hectares. In total, 81.2 million hectares (agricultural and non-agricultural areas) are organic. 1Dr. Helga Willer, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland, www.fiblorg ? Julia Lernoud, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland, www.fibl.org 3 No updated data has been received from the US; the latest US data is from 2011. 24 FIBL 8 IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn ANATNEAREANT There were almost 2.3 million producers in 2014.* Forty percent of the world's organic producers are in Asia, followed by Africa (26 percent) and Latin America (17 percent). The countries with the most producers are India (650'000), Uganda (190'552), and Mexico (169"703) (see page 58). Over a quarter of the world's organic agricultural land (11.7 million hectares) and more than 86 percent (1.9 million) of the producers were in developing countries and emerging markets in 2014 (see page 68). Land use details were available for over 90 percent of the organic agricultural land. Unfortunately, some countries with very large organic areas, such as Australia, Brazil, and India had little or no information on their land use. Almost two-thirds of the agricultural land were grassland/grazing areas (27.5 million hectares). With a total of at least 8.5 million hectares, arable land constitutes almost 20 percent of the organic agricultural land. An increase of almost seven percent over 2013 was reported. Most of this category of land was used for cereals including rice (3.4 million hectares), followed by green fodder from arable land (2.6 million hectares), oilseeds (almost 1 million hectares), vegetables (0.3 million hectares), and dried pulses (almost 0.4 million hectares). Permanent crops account for eight percent of the organic agricultural land, amounting to 3.4 million hectares. The most important permanent crops were coffee (with more than 0.7 million hectares, constituting almost one quarter of the organic permanent cropland), followed by olives (0.6 million hectares), grapes (0.32 million hectares), nuts (0.28 million hectares), and cocoa (0.25 million hectares) (see page 70). Selected crops For this new section, a summary of the “State of Sustainable Markets: Statistics and Emerging Trends - 2015” report is provided. It offers a snapshot of production-related data (area, production and producers) for key global sustainability standards across eight commodity sectors (bananas, cocoa, coffee, cotton, forestry, palm oil, soybeans, cane sugar and tea) and forestry. It also gives an overview of each of the 14 Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) covered (area and production under certification, commodities grown, etc.). The study shows growth across all commodities and all VSS over the past five years (see page 118). Another addition is a chapter from Textile Exchange dedicated to organic cotton production worldwide: During the 2013/14? growing season, 116'974 metric tons of organic cotton fiber was produced globally by 147'971 farmers on 220765 hectares of land. There are currently 19 countries producing certified organic cotton, but 97 percent of the global supply comes from just five countries. India is by far the largest supplier, accounting for three-quarters of total production, followed by China, Turkey, Tanzania, and the USA (see page 127). * Please note that some countries report only the numbers of companies, projects, or grower groups, which may each comprise a number of individual producers. The number of producers should, therefore, be treated with caution, and it may be assumed that the total number of organic producers is higher than that reported here. ? The International Cotton Advisory Council (ICAC) set the cotton-growing year from Ausgust 1 to July 31. FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 25 The World of Organic A; opportunities for organic food and farming research. (See article by Helga Willer and Stephen Meredith, page 190). Latin America and the Caribbean In Latin America, almost 400'000 producers managed 6.8 million hectares of agricultural land organically in 2014. This constituted 15 percent of the world's organic land and 1.1 percent of the region's agricultural land. The leading countries were Argentina (3 million hectares), Uruguay (1.3 million hectares), and Brazil (0.7 million hectares, 2012). The highest shares of organic agricultural land were in the Falkland Islands/Malvinas (36.3 percent), French Guiana (8.9 percent), and Uruguay (8.8 percent). Many Latin American countries remain important exporters of organic products such as bananas, cocoa and coffee; in countries such as Argentina and Uruguay, temperate fruit and meat are key export commodities. At the same time, domestic markets are trending positively in the region. Healthy products and the gastronomy sector have also been drivers of the organic sector in many countries with value-added products and visible marketing processes such as highly nutritious or gourmet fruits and vegetables. Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), e.g. in Brazil, are gaining more recognition among consumers (see article by Laercio Meirelles about Brazil on page 240). For details on Latin America and the Caribbean, see the article by Patricia Flores and Mauricio Soberanes on page 232. North America In North America, more than 3 million hectares of farmland were managed organically in 2014. Of these, 2.2 million were in the United States (2011 data) and 0.9 million in Canada, representing approximately 0.8 percent of the total agricultural area in the region and 7 percent of the world's organic agricultural land. Organic food sales posted an 11 percent increase to reach 35.9 billion US dollars,! now representing nearly 5 percent of total U.S. food sales. The 2015 survey of the Organic Trade Association projected that organic food sales could jump by another 11 percent in 2015. Domestic organic production cannot keep up with the robust demand, and there is a consensus that more organic farmers and more production are needed. In 2015, officials from the United States and Switzerland signed an organic equivalency arrangement, which joins the arrangements the U.S. has with Canada (2009), the European Union (2012), Japan (2014), and South Korea (2014). In 2011, USDA began to track a number of organic exports and imports with a special harmonized system trade code, known as an HS code. There are now 34 export and 40 import codes for organic products. Currently, U.S. organic exports are estimated at 3.2 billion US dollars. For more information, see the article by Barbara Haumann, page 250. In Canada, organic sales were estimated at 4 billion Canadian dollars? (2015), with continued double-digit growth. After three years of meetings of technical experts, * One euro was 1.3285 US dollars in 2014 (average annual exchange rate according to the European Central Bank). ? One euro corresponded to 1.4661 Canadian dollars in 2014 (average annual exchange rate according to the European Central Bank). 28 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn ANATNEAREANT Canada's revised and updated organic standards were published in late 2015—the first comprehensive revision since the regulations were introduced in 2009. The new version of Canada's organic standards will become mandatory for any new operations immediately, and for all operators within one year of publication. The process to update Canada's organic standards was overseen by the Organic Federation of Canada and a representative volunteer group of producers, processors, consumer groups, and industry leaders. The Organic Science Cluster II (OSCID, an industry-led research and development endeavours initiated by the Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada at Dalhousie University, is currently in its third year of operation. It is supporting 37 research activities across the country in organic agriculture, livestock management and the processing sector. The federal government of Canada recently announced an investment of eight million for the continuation of the cluster until 2018. For more information, see article by Marie-Eve Levert and Matthew Holmes (page 256). Oceania This region includes Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Island states. Altogether, there were more than 22000 producers, managing 17.3 million hectares. This constituted 4.1 percent of the agricultural land in the region and 40 percent of the world's organic land. More than 98 percent of the organic land in the region is in Australia (17.2 million hectares, 97 percent of which is extensive grazing land), followed by New Zealand (106'000 hectares), and Samoa (40'500 hectares). The highest shares of all agricultural land were in Samoa (14.3 percent), followed by Tonga (6.4 percent), the Solomon Islands (6.3 percent), and Kiribati (4.7 percent). Growth in the organic industry in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands has been strongly influenced by a rapidly growing overseas demand; domestic sales are also growing. In Australia, the domestic market was valued at 1.3 billion Australian dollars in 2014' and in New Zealand at 130 million New Zealand dollars (2012).? The most recent Australian Organic Market Report valued the organic industry in Australia at 1.72 billion Australian dollars with exports more than doubling in value since 2012. Domestically, the sector continuing to hold the greatest share of the Australian organic market is dairy, which is closely followed by the meat industry and the fruit and vegetable and processed foods sectors. Australia has no specific domestic legislation articulating the criteria for the production and marketing of organic products. The main legislative framework supporting the Australian organic industry remains the Export Control Act. However, the introduction of new consumer laws in 2010 provided additional scope to pursue and prosecute businesses attempting to misuse the organic label. Overall, there is little direct Federal Government support for the organic sector (Monk and Bushell, page 268). Interest in Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in the Pacific Islands continued to expand through 2014-2015 as market opportunities for PGS-certified products evolved and examples were generated addressing how organic and PGS can be tools for * 1 euro was 1.4719 Australian Dollar (AUD) in 2014 (average exchange rate 2014 according to European Central Bank) ?1 euro was 1.5995 New Zealand dollars in 2014 (average exchange rate 2014 according to European Central Bank) FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 29 The World of Organic A; sustainable social and economic development. A unique aspect of PGS in the Pacific is the regional PGS mark, “Organic Pasifika Guaranteed,” which facilitates the recognition of organic products in the local market and is recognized across the 22 Pacific Island countries and territories, facilitating intra-regional trade in organic products. Most of the organically certified products from the region are for export, but there are indications of growing local markets through box schemes. Key products include spices, coconut products, and tropical fruit. The main international markets for the listed products are Australia and New Zealand, representing the main destinations for the export of organic products due to the proximity. Japan is a growing market, and other markets include China, North America, and the European Union (see the chapter by Karen Mapusua, page 273). Standards, regulations, and policy According to the FiBL survey on organic rules and regulations, the number of countries with organic standards is 87. Eighteen countries are in the process of drafting legislation. The dominating topic in 2015 in the European Union was the European Commission's proposal for a new organic regulation. Intensive negotiations within and among the European parliament, the EU Member States, and the European Commission have led to a consensus on some topics such as residue limits and the control system. However, on other topics such as the revision of the import system no agreement has been achieved so far. The European Union currently recognizes twelve countries! as being equivalent to the European Union's system (known as the Third Country list). The latest change was in February 2015 when South Korea was listed based on a bilateral agreement. The US has accepted several foreign governments” accreditation procedures. Certification bodies accredited according to the US requirements by India, Israel, and New Zealand are accepted by the United States Department of Agriculture for certification according to the US National Organic Program (NOP), even though they are not directly accredited by the United States Department of Agriculture (see contribution by Huber et al., page 140). Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) are locally focused quality assurance systems certifying producers based on the active participation of stakeholders and are built on a foundation of trust, social networks, and knowledge exchange. Based on the data collected through the Global PGS Survey 2015 by IEOAM - Organics International, it is estimated that 123 PGS initiatives are now established on all continents, and another 110 are currently under development. PGS are spread over 72 countries. (See article by Simona D'Amico and Flávia Castro, page 147). Governments have increasingly recognized the potential of organic agriculture to contribute toward their sustainability goals and objectives. Therefore, they are supporting the development of organic agriculture through a variety of government policies and programs such as targeted subsidies, market development, capacity building, and research support. A new initiative of IFOAM - Organics International will enable it to serve as the global repository of information on effective government * Argentina, Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, Tunisia and US 30 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Current Statistics o £ 9 o Ey E Mm $ Y É 3 2 2 5 S 3 E 2 mn 9 North America Europe o Asia = 2 S E E sl E e 2E Cl sa 9 ES E ro dl Africa Latin America Agricultural land Other areas (Wild collection, bee keeping, aquaculture, forests, grazed non agricultural land) Map 1: Organic agricultural land and other non-agricultural areas in 2014 Source: FiBL survey 2016 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 17.3 mio. ha Oceania 33 ERE Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Area, Producers, Markets, and Selected Crops JULIA LERNOUD' AND HELGA WILLER? Introduction The 17th survey of certified organic agriculture worldwide was carried out by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) with many partners from all around the world. The results are published jointly with IFOAM - Organics International. Data from the Mediterranean countries was supplied by the Mediterranean Organic Agriculture Network (MOAN, c/o Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari), and data from the Pacific Islands was provided by the Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community (POET.com). In total, data was provided by more than 200 experts. This survey, as the past surveys, was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), the International Trade Centre (ITC),* and NúmbergMesse.* As in previous years, governments, private sector organizations, certifiers, and market research companies have contributed to the data collection effort. Several international certifiers deserve special mention as they provided data on a number of countries: BCS, CERES, Certisys, Control Union, Ecocert, ICEA, Institute for Marketecology (IMO), LACON, Quality Certification Services (QCS), and the Soil Association. A list of all contributors is provided in the annex. In total, data from 172 countries/territories was available. Kiribati, Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, and Suriname are new to the list of countries with organic data. For Suriname, data had been available in the past, but from 2011 to 2013, data was not received. Updated data on the organic area was available for 135 countries; however, for some countries, updates were only available for the total organic area and not necessarily for the number of farms, land use, or other indicators. In such cases, data from the previous survey was used. Furthermore, for those countries for which FiBL compiles the country data among the certifiers, it should be noted that not all certifiers provided updates. * Julia Lernoud, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland, www.fiblorg ? Dr. Helga Willer, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Erick, Switzerland, www.fibl.org * Since 2014, data collection on organic agriculture worldwide is funded by the International Trade Centre (ATC) and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) under the project “T4SD Global Platform for Market Data on Organic Agriculture and Sustainability Standards”. In this project, an internet-based information system for voluntary sustainability standards (VSS; including organic) data on production, domestic markets and international trade will be established. For more information on this project, see page 118. “The organisers of BIOFACH, the World Organic Trade Fairin Nuremberg, Germany (today: NúrnbergMesse), have supported data collection on organic agriculture worldwide and the production of the yearbook “The World of Organic Agriculture” since 2000. 34 FIBL £. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Table 1: Countries and areas covered by the global survey on organic agriculture 2014 Region Countries* with data si Share of couni on organic Countries per that provided data agriculture il (0%) Africa 39 56 70% Asia 37 47 79% Europe 47 47 100% Latin America and Caribbean 33 46 72% North America 3 5 60% Oceania 3 26 50% World 172 227 76% Source: FiBL survey 2016 *Wrhere the designation "country" appears in this book, it covers countries or areas.? Data on the following indicators was collected: — Organic area in hectares, by country and country groups, including a breakdown by crop; — Livestock numbers; — Production data (volumes and values); - Producers and further operator types; - Domestic market data (total retail sales value, per capita consumption, share of the total market; breakdown by product); - International trade data (total import and export values and volumes, and breakdown by product). Not all data that was collected is published in this book (e.g. production, livestock numbers, breakdown by product for domestic market and international trade data), because it was not possible to draw a complete global picture for these indicators. More information about the data background is available at the end of this chapter on page 299. More information on www.organic-world.net Tables with more details on crops, market and international trade, as well as explanations for certain data can be found at the Organic-World website (www.organic- world.net). Contact Enquiries related to the data should be directed to Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland, e-mail julia.lernoudofibl.org and helga.willerofibl.org. * Number of countries and areas are mostly based on countries as listed in the FAO database at http://faostat3.fa0.org/download/R/RL/E as well as some additional countries like Kosovo. ?For more information on countries, areas and regions see the UNSTAT website at http://unstats:un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm. FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 35 Organic agricultural land Currently, 43.7 million hectares are under organic agricultural management worldwide (end of 2014 for most data).* The region with the most organic agricultural land is Oceania, with 17.3 million hectares followed by Europe with 11.6 million hectares, Latin America (6.8 million hectares), Asia (3.6 million hectares), North America (3.1 million hectares), and Africa (1.3 million hectares). Oceania has 40 percent of the global organic agricultural land. Europe, a region that has had a very constant growth of organic land over the years, has more than a quarter of the of the world's organic agricultural land followed by Latin America with almost 16 percent (see Table 2, Figure 1). Australia, which has experienced a major growth of organic land since 2011, is the country with the most organic agricultural land; 97 percent of the farmland are extensive grazing areas. Argentina is second followed by the United States in third place (Table 3, Figure 2). The ten countries with the largest organic agricultural areas have a combined total of 31.8 million hectares and constitute more than seventy-three percent of the world's organic agricultural land. Apart from the organic agricultural land, there are further organic areas such as wild collection areas. These areas constitute more than 37.6 million hectares. Table 2: World: Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) and region's shares of the global organic agricultural land 2014 Region Organic agricultural land — Regions” share of the global [hectares] organic agricultural land Africa 1263'105 2.9% Asia 3'567'474 8.2% Europe 11'625'001 26.6% Latin America 6'785796 15.5% North America 3'082'419 7.1% Oceania 17'342'416 39.7% Total 43'662'446 100.0% Source: FIBL survey 2016. Note: Agricultural land includes in-conversion areas and excludes wild collection, aquaculture, forest, and non-agricultural grazing areas. * Includes correction value for French overseas departments. *Data provided on the conversion status were included in this work. However, some countries provided only data on the fully converted area, others only on the total organic agricultural land, and thus the conversion areais not known for many countries. 38 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2014 Source: FIBL Survey 2016 Africa North America 3% 7% Asia 3% Oceania 40% Latin America 15% Europe 27% Figure 1: World: Distribution of organic agricultural land by region 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, cel For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 ers, and governments. The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FBL survey 2016 Australia (2013) Argentina Us (2011) China Spain Italy Uruguay France Germany Canada 0 5 10 15 20 Million hectares Figure 2: World: The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 39 Table 3: World: Organic agricultural land (including in-conversion areas) by country 2014 (sorted) For an alphabetical country list (including information on data year), see page 311. Country Hectares Country Hectares Australia 17150'000 Bulgaria 74351 Argentina 3'061'965 Belgium 66'704 United States of America 2'178'471 Sri Lanka 62'560 China 1925'000 Paraguay 54'444 Spain 1710'475 Ireland 51871 Italy 1387'913 Croatia 50'054 Uruguay 1307'421 Norway 49'827 France 1118'845 Netherlands 49'159 Germany 11047'633 Ecuador 45'818 Canada 903'948 Viet Nam 43'007 India 720'000 Slovenia 41237 Brazil 705'233 Samoa 40'477 Poland 657'902 Thailand 37'684 Austria 525'521 Saudi Arabia 37'563 United Kingdom 521'475 Nicaragua 33'621 Sweden 501831 Colombia 31621 Mexico 501'364 Madagascar 30'265 Turkey 491'977 Namibia 30'082 Czech Republic 472'663 Timor-Leste 25'479 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 403'212 Honduras 24'950 Ukraine 400'764 Pakistan 23'828 Kazakhstan 291'203 Azerbaijan 23'331 Romania 289'252 Moldova 22'102 Peru 263'012 Burkina Faso 20'110 Greece 256'131 Syrian Arab Republic 19'987 Russian Federation 245'846 Chile 19'932 Uganda 240'197 Papua New Guinea 19'796 Finland 212'653 Cóte d'Ivoire 19'548 Portugal 212'346 South Africa 19'501 Latvia 203'443 Republic of Korea 18'306 Tanzania, United Republic of 186'537 Ghana 15'563 Slovakia 180'307 Mozambique 15'421 Dominican Republic 166'220 Togo 15'321 Denmark 165'773 Panama 15'183 Lithuania 164'390 Guatemala 13'380 Ethiopia 160'987 Tajikistan 12'659 Estonia 155'560 Mali 11'919 Tunisia 139'087 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 11601 Switzerland 133'973 Iceland 11'174 Sudan 130'000 Cambodia 9'889 Hungary 124841 Japan 9'889 Bolivia 114'306 Serbia 9548 Indonesia 113'638 Nepal 9'361 Philippines 110'084 Fiji 9'218 New Zealand 106'753 Morocco 8'560 Congo, D.R. 89'058 Costa Rica 7832 Egypt 85'801 Zambia 7552 40 FIBL £. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Countries with more than 10 percent of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FBL survey 2016 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Liechtenstein Austria Sweden Estonia Samoa Switzerland Sao Tome and Principe Latvia Czech Republic Italy 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Share of total agricultural land Figure 3: World: Countries with more than 10 percent of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, cel For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 ers, and governments. Distribution of the organic shares of the agricultural land 2014 Source FBL Survey 2016. 11 countries; 7% 15 countries; 9% 38 countries; 97 countries; 25% 59% 1 More than 10% organic 1 Between 10-5% organic * Between 5-1% organic Less than 1% organic Figure 4: World: Distribution of the organic shares of the agricultural land 2014 L survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, ce led data sources see annex, page 315 ers, and governments. FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 43 Table 5: World: Shares of organic agricultural land by country 2014 (sorted) For an alphabetical country list (including information on data year), see page 311. Country Share Country Share Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 36.3% Papua New Guinea 17% Liechtenstein 30.9% Uganda 1.7% Austria 19.4% Réunion (France) 1.6% Sweden 16.4% Tunisia 1.4% Estonia 16.2% Bhutan 1.3% Samoa 14.3% Canada 1.3% Switzerland 12.7% Israel 13% Sao Tome and Principe 12.0% Ireland 13% Latvia 11.2% Peru 12% Czech Republic 11.1% Comoros 11% Italy 10.8% Republic of Korea 1.0% Slovakia 9.5% Dominica 1.0% Finland 9.4% Ukraine 1.0% Slovenia 8.9% New Zealand 0.9% French Guiana (France) 8.9% Philippines 0.9% Uruguay 88% Moldova 0.9% Dominican Republic 85% Martinique (France) 0.9% Faroe Islands 8.4% Honduras 0.8% Spain 6.9% United Arab Emirates 0.8% Timor-Leste 68% Taiwan 0.7% Tonga 64% Grenada 0.7% Portugal 63% Panama 0.7% Solomon Islands 63% Nicaragua 0.7% Denmark 63% Montenegro 0.6% Germany 63% United States of America 0.6% Lithuania 5.7% Ecuador 0.6% Belgium 49% Belize 0.6% Kiribati 4.7% Tanzania, United Republic of 0.5% Norway 4.6% Azerbaijan 0.5% Poland 43% Iceland 0.5% Australia 42% Bahamas 0.5% France 4.1% Togo 0.5% Croatia 3.8% Ethiopia 0.5% Vanuatu 3.5% El Salvador 0.4% Luxembourg 3.4% CostaRica 0.4% Niue 33% Viet Nam 0.4% Greece 3.2% India 0.4% United Kingdom 3.0% Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.4% Channel Islands 2.7% China 0.4% Hungary 2.7% Cook Islands 0.3% Cyprus 27% Malta 0.3% Netherlands 2.5% Bolivia 0.3% Bulgaria 24% Guatemala 0.3% Mexico 23% Macedonia, FYROM 0.3% Egypt 23% Brazil 0.3% ri Lanka 23% Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.3% Fiji 22% 0.3% Argentina 22% Paraguay 0.3% Romania 21% Japan 0.3% Turkey 2.0% Jordan 0.2% Palestine, State of 1.9% New Caledonia 0.2% 4d FIBL £. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Country Share Country Share Nepal 02% Oman 0.02% French Polynesia 0.2% Malawi 0.002% Indonesia 0.2% Iraq 0.002% Thailand 0.2% Algeria 0.002% Serbia 0.2% Swaziland 0.001% Cambodia 0.2% Niger 0.001% Burkina Faso 0.2% Belarus (Wild collection only) Guadeloupe (France) 0.2% Bermuda (Processing) Lebanon 0.2% Chad (Wild collection only) Haiti 0.2% Guyana (Wild collection only) Syrian Arab Republic 01% Puerto Rico (area data not available)* Kazakhstan 0.1% san Marino (Processing) Chile 01% Singapore (Processing) Russian Federation 0.3% Uzbekistan (Wild collection only) Guinea*Bissau 01% Venezuela (Processing) Rwanda 0.1% Total** 0.99% Chana aa 23% Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on Cóte d'lvoire 01% information from the private sector, Sudan 0.1% certifiers, and governments. For detailed Pakistan 0.1% data sources see annex, page 315 Namibia 01% Bangladesh 0.1% * For Puerto Rico, area data was not available Colombia 01% Madagascar 0.3% Senegal 01% Benin 0.3% Kyrgyzstan 01% Armenia 0.3% Georgia 01% Suriname 0.05% Cuba 0.04% Myanmar 0.04% Albania 0.04% Mayotte 0.04% Zambia 0.03% Kosovo 0.03% Mozambique 0.03% Mali 0.03% Morocco 0.03% Lesotho 0.02% Iran (Islamic Republicof) 0.02% Andorra 0.02% Saudi Arabia 0.02% South Africa 0.02% Kenya 0.02% Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.02% Malaysia 0.01% Burundi 0.01% Nigeria 0.01% Jamaica 0.01% Mauritius 0.01% Angola 0.004% Cameroon 0.004% Zimbabwe 0.003% FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 45 Table 7: World: Development of organic agricultural land by country 2011-2014 Importantnote: A direct year-to-year comparison is not always possible for many countries, because the data sources may have changed over the years, or data access may have improved. The figures published here may differ from previously published data due to data revisions. Data are not available for all countries for every year and; in these cases, the figure for the previous year is used (see also page 315). Change Change Country aom1[ha] zozzlha] —2023[ha] 2026lhal op 101 Afghanistan 61 61 61 61 -100.0% Albania 448 515 515 515 Algeria 692 700 700 700 Andorra 4 1 4 3 207.7% Angola 2'486 2'486 2'486 Argentina 3'796'136 3'637'466 3'281'192 3'061'965 -219'227 6.7% Armenia 750 810 1000 1000 Australia 12'001'724 12001724 17'150'000 17'150'000 Austria 542'553 537'706 526'689 525'521 -1'168 -0.2% Azerbaijan 21959 23'740 23'331 23331 Bahamas 49 49 Bangladesh 6'810 6'860 6'860 6'860 Belarus Wild collection only Belgium 55'304 59'718 62'529 66'704 4175 6.7% Belize 1204 753 802 892 90 11.2% Benin 1696 2628 1987 7344 357 18.0% Bermuda Processing only Bhutan 6'150 6'156 6'726 6'829 103 1.5% Bolivia 146'412 146'412 146'412 114'306 32107 -21.9% Bosnia and Herzegovina 343 343 292 353 61 20.9% Brazil 687'040 705'233 705'167 705'233 66 0.0% Bulgaria 25'022 39'137 56'287 74351 18'064 32.1% Burkina Faso 19'684 15'000 14866 20'110 5'243 35.3% Burundi 550 550 550 148 -402 -73.1% Cambodia 8'285 9'055 9'889 9'889 Cameroon 849 663 663 380 -283 42.7% Canada 841216 833'883 869'239 903'948 34'710 4.0% Chad Wild collection only Channel Islands 250 260 240 240 Chile 29'068 22'636 23'469 19'932 31537 -15.1% China V9o0'o00 1'g00'o00 2'd94'o00D 1'925'000 -169'000 -8.1% Colombia 34'060 34060 31621 31621 Comoros 2642 2642 2642 1723 -919 34.8% Cook Islands 20 20 20 10 -10 -50.0% Costa Rica 9'570 9'360 7449 7832 383 5.1% Cóte d'Ivoire 20'658 19'457 19'263 19548 284 1.5% Croatia 32036 31903 40'641 50'054 9'414 23.2% Cuba 7'209 5'280 7389 2'979 -4'410 -59.7% Cyprus 3'575 3'923 4'303 3'887 -416 -9.7% Czech Republic 460'498 468'670 474'231 472663 1567 -0.3% Congo D.R. 41032 51838 51838 8g'058 37220 71.8% Denmark 162173 175'113 169'298 165773 -3'525 2.1% Dominica 240 240 240 240 Dominican Republic 186'931 168'978 180'609 166'220 -14'390 8.0% Ecuador 50'037 56'304 42'781 45'818 3'037 7.1% Egypt 82'167 85'801 85'801 85'801 El Salvador 6'736 6'736 6'736 6'736 48 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Change Change Country ao11[ha] zozzlha] —2om3[ha] 2026 [hal ap a/ac 10d Estonia 133779 144'150 151256 155'560 4305 2.8% Ethiopia 140'475 164'777 160'987 160'987 da! nds 398'806 403222 403'212 403'222 Faroe Islands 253 253 253 253 Fiji 21006 2164 2164 9'218 7054 326.0% Finland 188'189 197751 206'170 212653 6'483 3.1% France 97S'141 1032941 1060756 1118845 58'088 5.5% French Guiana (France) 2'198 2'407 2702 2014 -688 -25.5% French Polynesia 105 2'469 2'469 93 -2'376 -96.2% Georgia 1999 1999 1999 1292 -708 35.4% Germany 1015'626 1'034'355 1044955 1047633 2'678 0.3% Ghana 19'893 28161 28'201 15'563 -12'638 -44.8% Greece 213'276 462'618 383'606 256'131 -127'475 33.2% Grenada 85 85 85 85 Guadeloupe (France) 166 164 193 69 -124 64.2% Guatemala 13'380 13'380 13'380 13380 Guinea-Bissau 1843 1843 Guyana 4'249 4249 Wild collection only Haiti 912 806 2'878 2'878 Honduras 23'826 24'950 24'950 241950 Hungary 124'402 130'609 131018 124'841 6177 4.7% Iceland 8'246 8'240 9710 11174 1464 15.1% India 1084'266 500'000 510'000 720'000 210'000 412% Indonesia 74/034 88247 65'688 113638 47'950 73.0% Iran (Islamic Republic of) 43'332 42'634 12'156 11601 555 4.6% Iraq 40 51 1 27.8% Ireland 54'122 52'793 53'565 51871 1694 3.2% Israel 71095 6'187 6'289 6'640 352 5.6% Italy 1096'889 — 1167'362 1317177 1387913 70'736 5.4% Jamaica 542 542 542 27 515 -95.1% Japan 9401 10'11 9'889 9'89 Jordan 2'567 2'895 2'898 2371 527 -28.2% Kazakhstan 196'215 291'203 291'203 291203 Kenya 4'969 4'894 4'894 4'894 Kiribati 1600 1600 - Kosovo 1 111 124 14 Kyrgyzstan 15'097 2'696 2'856 6'929 41073 142.6% Lao P.D.R. 5'990 5'990 6442 6'275 -166 -2.6% Latvia 184'096 195'658 200'433 203443 3'010 1.5% Lebanon 3'303 3'303 2571 1079 1492 -58.0% Lesotho 183 617 560 560 Liechtenstein 1095 1086 1137 1135 E -0.2% Lithuania 152'305 156'539 166'330 164390 1940 -1.2% Luxembourg 3720 4'130 4'447 4'490 43 1.0% Macedonia, FYROM 26'431 12'731 3'146 3'146 Madagascar 30243 30'265 30'265 30265 Malawi 166 35 265 102 -162 61.3% Malaysia 1582 603 603 603 Mali 14790 14/927 3727 11919 8'192 219.8% Malta 23 37 7 34 27 380.9% Martinique (France) 298 200 269 248 21 -7.8% Mauritius 30 16 16 6 20 64.9% FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 49 Change Change Country ao11[ha] zozzlha] —2om3[ha] 2026 [hal ap a/ac 10d Mayotte 5 5 Mexico 366'812 487'393 501364 501364 Moldova 22'102 22'102 22'102 22'102 Mongolia 12'922 -12'922 -100.0% Montenegro 3'068 3'068 3'068 3'289 221 7.2% Morocco 17'030 16'600 8'560 8'660 Mozambique 4'468 3'840 13'998 15'421 1424 10.2% Myanmar 202 897 897 5'320 4'423 493.1% Namibia 14122 14123 23'086 30'082 6'996 30.3% Nepal 8'697 10'273 9'361 9'361 Netherlands 47'205 48'038 49'394 49159 -235 -0.5% New Caledonia 41 411 - New Zealand 133321 106'753 106'753 106'753 Nicaragua 33'621 33'621 33'621 33'621 Niger 76 106 106 262 156 147.5% Nigeria 9'473 9'521 250 5'021 4771 1908.4% Niue 61 61 61 164 102 167.0% Norway 55'500 55'260 51662 49827 11835 3.6% Oman 38 38 38 38 Pakistan 24'924 22'397 22'397 23828 1431 6.4% Palestine, State of 6'354 6354 6'354 6'896 542 8.5% Panama 4576 4576 15'183 15183 Papua New Guinea 11337 11798 20'939 19'796 1143 5.5% Paraguay 51'190 51'190 62'274 54444 -7'830 -12.6% Peru 185'964 197'837 388'448 263'012 -125'436 -32.3% Philippines 96317 80'974 86'155 120'084 23'929 27.8% Poland 609'412 661'956 669'863 657'902 11961 -1.8% Portugal 200'151 200'151 197'295 212346 15'051 7.6% Puerto Rico Area data not available Republic of Korea 19'312 25'467 21'210 18'306 -2'904 -13.7% Réunion (France) 556 594 595 659 64 10.8% Romania 229'946 288'261 301'148 289'252 11896 -4.0% Russian Federation 126'848 146'251 144'254 245'846 101'592 70.4% Rwanda 3'705 3'705 3'705 2248 1457 -39.3% Samoa 33'515 33'515 33'515 40'477 6'962 20.8% San Marino Processing only Sao Tome and Principe 4'467 4'051 4'051 6'706 2'656 65.6% Saudi Arabia 18'563 13'569 36'595 37563 968 2.6% Senegal 13'000 6736 6'929 6'929 Serbia 6'237 6340 8'228 9548 1320 16.0% Singapore Processing only Slovakia 166'700 166'700 157'848 180'307 22'459 14.2% Slovenia 32'149 35'101 38'665 41237 2'573 6.7% Solomon Islands 1307 1307 1307 5'302 3'995 305.7% South Africa 41947 43'170 37'466 19'501 -17'965 47.9% Spain 1621898 1593197 1610'129 1710'475 100'346 6.2% Sri Lanka 19'469 19'517 19517 62560 43'043 220.5% Sudan 53'017 54/845 130'000 130'000 Suriname 39 39 - Swaziland 14 8 3 8 5 143.8% Sweden 480'185 477'685 500'996 501831 835 0.2% Switzerland 123'000 125'961 128'140 133973 5833 4.6% Syrian Arab Republic 19'987 19'987 19'987 191987 50 FIBL £. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Table 8: World: Organic areas: Agricultural land (including conversion areas) and further organic areas by regionin 2014 Aqua- Grazed Other no: Region re culture E non ag jon agri.land — Total[ha] [ha] land [ha] [ha]* [ha] Africa 1263105 42796 11790'631 13'096'531 Asia 3567474 35'047 123 6'300'019 1507 9904170 Europe 11'625'001 5'049 19533 8'112 16'279'559 27'937'253 Latin mm. 0 "007" 1796" America 6'785'796 3127 3'007'369 9'796'292 North 79 " PLE6" SS 3'082'419 137 63'954 3'146'510 Oceania 17'342'416 765 17'343'181 Total** 43'662'446 43'222 62'589 8112 37'442'296 1507 81'220'172 Source: FIBL survey 206; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Blank cells: No data available. *Wwild collection and beekeeping areas ** Total includes correction value for French overseas departments. Table 9: World: All organic areas by country 2014 . Aqua Wild Country ABriculeare culero Forest collection Total [ha] [haJ* Albania 515 467783 468'298 Algeria 700 700 Andorra 4 4 Angola 2'486 2'486 Argentina 3'061'965 458'601 3'520'566 Armenia 1000 11'250 12'250 Australia 17150'000 17'150'000 Austria 525'521 525521 Azerbaijan 23331 123 937 24391 Bahamas 49 49 Bangladesh 6'860 9'338 16'198 Belarus 11494 13'494 Belgium 66'704 3 66'707 Belize 892 892 Benin 2'344 4'505 6'849 Bermuda Processing only Bhutan 6'829 6'315 13'144 Bolivia 114306 922'991 1037'297 on 353 124141 124494 Brazil 705'233 1209773 1915'006 Bulgaria 74/351 679'845 754'196 Burkina Faso 20'110 80'068 100'178 Burundi 148 148 Cambodia 9'889 9'889 Cameroon 380 360'000 360'380 Canada 903'948 137 63'954 968'039 Chad 11'000 11'000 Channel Islands 240 240 Chile 19'932 81054 100'986 China 1'925'000 1144326 3'069'326 Colombia 31621 7320 38'941 Comoros 1723 70 1793 FIBL £.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 53 Stat All Organic Areas Grazed Other si Aqua- non wild Country Are culture aj ag collection a [ha] land [haJ* land [ha] [ha] Cook Islands 10 10 Costa Rica 7832 7832 Cóte d'Ivoire 19'548 344 19'892 Congo D.R. 89'058 89'058 Croatia 50'054 8 50'062 Cuba 2'979 2'979 Cyprus 3'887 3'887 bie 472'663 472'663 Denmark 165'773 2'648 168'421 Dominica 240 240 a 166'220 3'845 170'065 Ecuador 45'818 3123 1260 50'201 Egypt 85'801 85'801 El Salvador 6736 6736 Estonia 155'560 40'579 196'139 Ethiopia 160'987 3'107 164'094 Falkland Islands 403'212 403'212 (Malvinas) Faroe Islands 253 253 Fiji 9'218 653 9'871 Finland 212'653 9'100'000 9'312'653 France 1118'845 2'809 1121654 ed Sulana 2014 2014 French Polynesia 23 23 Georgia 1292 215 1507 3'014 Germany 11047633 11047'633 Ghana 15'563 35'695 51258 Greece 256'131 256'131 Grenada 85 85 Guadeloupe (France) 69 69 Guatemala 13'380 5 13'385 Guinea-Bissau 1843 1843 Guyana 54'000 54'000 Haiti 2'878 2'878 Honduras 24'950 24'950 Hungary 124'841 124841 Iceland 11174 214524 225'698 India 720'000 3'990'000 4'710'000 Indonesia 113'638 3320 10'730 127'688 Iran 11'601 22'850 34'451 Iraq 51 51 Ireland 51871 51871 Israel 6'640 6'640 Italy 1387913 62'647 1'450'560 Jamaica 27 36 63 Japan 9'889 9'889 Jordan 2'371 2'371 Kazakhstan 291'203 863 292'066 Kenya 4'894 130'903 135797 Kiribati 1600 1600 Kosovo 124 124 Kyrgyzstan 6'929 2'359 71 9'359 Lao P.D.R. 6275 16'786 23'061 Latvia 203'443 203'443 54 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 206. Frick and Bonn Grazed Aqua- non wild Country Are culture aj ag collection a [ha] land [haJ* [ha] Lebanon 1079 163 1242 Lesotho 560 50'000 50'560 Liechtenstein 1135 1135 Lithuania 164'390 5'049 169'438 Luxembourg 4'490 4'490 Macedonia, . Y $ " FYROM 3'146 8'112 556'600 567858 Madagascar 30'265 91'239 121504 Malawi 102 4'995 5'097 Malaysia 603 603 Mali 11'919 8'146 20'065 Malta 34 34 Martinique (France) 248 248 Mauritius 6 6 Mayotte 5 5 Mexico 501'364 30'364 531727 Moldova 22'102 22'102 Montenegro 3'289 139809 143'097 Morocco 8'660 861690 870'350 Mozambique 15'421 31'400 46'821 Myanmar 5'320 5'320 Namibia 30'082 2'400'000 2'430'082 Nepal 9'361 24'422 33783 Netherlands 49'159 49'159 New Caledonia a a New Zealand 106'753 106'753 Nicaragua 33'621 11'463 45'084 Niger 262 262 Nigeria 5'022 150 1000 6'171 Niue 164 112 276 Norway 49827 49'827 Oman 38 38 Pakistan 23'828 23'828 Palestine, Y sy State or 6'896 6'896 Panama 15'183 15'183 Papua New $ 0 culnea 19'796 19'796 Paraguay 54444 31067 57'511 Peru 263'012 4 223'590 486'606 Philippines 110'084 110'084 Poland 657'902 657'902 Portugal 212'346 19'533 26 231905 Puerto Rico Area data not available Republic of 18306 18'306 Réunion (France) 659 659 Romania 289'252 1787'548 2'076'800 a 245'846 1835'383 2081229 Rwanda 2248 80 2328 Samoa 40'477 40'477 San Marino Processing only Sao Tome and , 0 Principe: 6'706 6'706 Saudi Arabia 37'563 37'563 Senegal 6'929 22'000 28'929 Serbia 9'548 9'548 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 55 Statistics: Producers and Other Operator Types Organic producers and other operator types Producers It was reported that there are almost 2.3 million organic producers in the world. According to the data obtained, more than three-quarters of the producers are in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (see Figure 9). The country with the most organic producers is India, followed by Uganda and Mexico (see Figure 10). There has been an increase in the number of producers by almost 270'000, or over 13 percent, in 2013. In 2014, the Philippines, Paraguay, Peru, China, and Thailand reported significant increases. These five countries represent most of the total global increase. Finding precise figures on the number of organic farms remains difficult, as: — Some countries report only the numbers of companies, projects, or grower groups, which may each comprise a number of individual producers; — Some countries do not provide data on the number of producers at all; — Some countries with wild collection areas include collectors; and — Some countries provide the number of producers per crop, and there may be overlaps for those growers who grow several crops. The number of producers should, therefore, be treated with caution, and it may be assumed that the total number of organic producers is higher than that reported here. Table 10: World: Development of the numbers of producers by region 2013 to 2014 Region 2013 [no.] 2014 [no.] Changein numbers Change in % Africa 572498 593'050 +20'552 +3.6% Asia 726'325 901'528 +175'203 +24.1% Europe 334'170 339'824 +5'654 +1.7% Latin America 320'148 387'184 +67'036 +20.9% North America 16'393 16'660 +267 +1.6% Oceania 22'997 22'115 -882 3.8% Total 1'992'531 2'260'361 +267'830 +13.4% Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. led data sources see annex, page 315 58 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Statistics: Producers and Other Operator Types Organic producers by region 2014 Source: FIBL Survey 2016 Oceania 19%. ¡North America 1% Europe 15% Latin America 17% Africa 26% Figure 9: World: Distribution of organic producers by region 2014 (Total: 2.3 million producers) Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, cel For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 ers, and governments. The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2014 Source: FBL survey 2016 India (2013) Uganda Mexico (2013) Philippines Tanzania (2013) Ethiopia (2013) Turkey Peru Paraguay Italy 0 200'000 400'000 600'000 800'000 Number of producers Figure 10: World: The ten countries with the largest numbers of organic producers 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, cel For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 ers, and governments. FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 59 Stati Producers and Other O Further operator types Regarding data on further operator types, there are at almost 62'000 processors and at least 2'190 importers, most in Europe. However, not all countries reported the number of processors, exporters, importers, or other operator types. For instance, data for the United States is missing, and it can be assumed that the number of processors, importers, and exporters is far higher than what is indicated in the table below. Further operator types reported were beekeepers, exporters, importers, smallholder groups, and aquaculture enterprises, as well as the number of collectors (wild collection). Table 11: World: Organic producers and other operator types by country 2014 We are doing our best to ensure that this overview table will be more comprehensive in the future. For many countries (particularly those with no private or governmental data collection system), data on the various operator types is missing or incomplete, and only the number of producers or the total number of all operators is available. Country Producers” Processors Importers Exporters Albania (2012) 39 22 4 25 Algeria (2013) 57 Andorra Angola (2012) Argentina 1018 289 125 Armenia 1 12 Australia (2013) 1707 729 Austria 22184 2118 23 9 Azerbaijan 288 14 (2013) Bahamas Bangladesh (2011) 9'335 Belarus (2013) Belgium 1648 844 58 Belize 721 Benin 3'159 8 8 Bermuda Bhutan 2'680 2 Bolivia 12114 273 (2011) Bosnia and Herzegovina (2013) 24 8 6 Brazil (2012) 12526 Bulgaria 3893 132 3 12 Burkina Faso 9'032 34 35 Burundi 34 Cambodia (2013) 6753 2 2 Cameroon 193 6 17 Canada 3'780 1582 Chad (2012) Chile 446 197 88 China 9'990 2707 66 1198 Colombia 4775 47 45 Comoros 1558 6 6 Congo, D.R. 1122 3 4 Cook Islands 50 Costa Rica 3'000 (2009) 61 (2012) Cóte d'Ivoire 490 6 9 Croatia 2194 242 18 2 Cuba 3 8 3 Cyprus 743 51 4 4 Czech Republic 3'866 506 120 54 Denmark 2'565 787 Dominican Republic 26423 152 * Some countries report only the numbers of companies, projects or growers groups, which my each compromise a number of producers. See also explanation on page 58. 60 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 3 El = a e s E E a = 7] El E E = Gi E] E Ed A211n5 91p Áq p91940> SOLAJUNO) [[P 9PNPUE 104 S90P 19UP]AIPIS TPL 9104 9Se9]A 0=7¿Juy sdeu/so|qe3-232p-5)12513835/55195118]5/33U"p]1O0M-a1UPB10'MMM//:d13Y 395 UONBUIJOJU! 30 UI JO4 BJEMJOS J9QUB|A18IS YUM paxnpod “groz ÁsnIns 1814 :390S Prep ON 14913 1981] so1na tOH[|HUI DOS UPHA 220] SO|es [1e191 ApUE gio ya sapguno) :4a19) so1na UOH[|1q Y Pue uOp"[fu QoS u3am39q Sayes ¡rejaz ajuegio yaa somuno) :4243 ye g s01m3 UOH|!Q Y UPA 210U1 JO Saes [1e191>Jueg1o Yara samguno) apejg troz Áljuno) Áq Sa|es 1839. 3142310 :34M3/N>113y >1Ue3.10 jo dew pio mM :9 dew 63 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Market and international trade data Whereas Amarjit Sahota presents global trends and a global figure for the organic market, along with much background information (page 134), in this chapter, we show the country-related data that was compiled under the framework of the global survey on organic agriculture. Data on total retail sales value was available for more than 50 countries, which means that for many countries with organic farming activities such data is missing.! The countries with the largest market for organic food are the United States (27.1 billion euros), followed by Germany (7.9 billion euros), France (4.8 billion euros) and China (3.7 billion euros). The largest single market is the United States followed by the European Union (23.9 billion euros) and China. By region, North America has the lead (29.6 billion euros), followed by Europe (26.2 billion euros) and Asia. Market growth was noted in all countries for which 2014 data was available, and in some cases, it was in the double digits. For example, in Sweden, the market grew by more than forty percent, representing the biggest growth. In Norway the market grew by 25 percent. The highest per capita consumption is in European countries: In 2014, Switzerland had the highest per capita consumption (221 euros) worldwide, followed by Luxembourg (164 euros), and Denmark (162 euros). Looking at the shares the organic market has of the total market, the leader is Denmark (7.6 percent), followed by Switzerland (7.1 percent), Austria (6.5 percent in 2011), the United States (5 percent) and Germany (4.4 percent). Export data International trade data is becoming available for more and more countries. These can be expressed as total export/import volumes in metric tons or as values. Some countries also provide a breakdown by crop and product. Table 12: Global market data: Retail sales, organic share of all retail sales, per capita consumption, and exports by country 2014 shows the values of total exports, where available. More than 40 countries had data on export values. It should be noted that the export values are not strictly comparable due to different data collection methods. * Some countries also provide a breakdown by product, be it in value (euros) or volume (tons), and the European OrganicDataNetwork project has made these data accessible (for Europe) on its website at www.organicdatanetworkenet. 64 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Global market: Distribution of retail Global market: Distribution of retail sales value by country 2014 sales value by region 2014 Source: FIBL-AM survey 2016, based on rel sales with Source: FIBLAMI survey 2016, based on retail sales with organic food rganicfond Oceania q Other Asia 2%, | Switzer- 16% 8% j land 3% USA , North os e America UK 4% 47% Europe 22% France 8% Germany 13% Figure 11: Global market for organic food: Figure 12: Global market for organic food: tribution of retail sales by country 2014 ribution of retail sales by region 2014 Source: FIBL-AMI survey 2016, based on data from government bodies, the private sector, and market research companies. For data sources see annex, page 315 The ten countries with the largest markets for organic food 2014 Source: FIBL-AMI survey 2016 United States of America Germany France China Canada United Kingdom Italy Switzerland Sweden Austria 0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000 25'000 30'000 Retail sales in million Euros Figure 13: Global market: The countries with the largest markets for organic food 2014 Source: FIBL-AMI survey 2016, based on data from government bodies, the private sector, and market research companies. For data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL 8.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 65 Organic farming in developing countries and in emerging markets The countries on the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) list of recipients for Official Development Assistance (ODA) from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are analysed in this section.* More than 1.9 million producers from the DAC countries were counted (87 percent of all organic producers). Over a quarter of the world's organic agricultural land, 11.7 million hectares, is located in countries listed on the DAC list. If wild collection and beekeeping areas are included, the total area is 34.9 million hectares. Most of the agricultural land is located in Latin American countries (almost 6.4 million hectares), with Asia (3.5 million) and Africa (1.3 million) in second and third place. The countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural land are Argentina, China, Uruguay, India, and Brazil, in that order. Not surprisingly, most of them are large countries (Figure 15). However, when it comes to organic agricultural land as a percentage of the total area under cultivation, the order is different. The countries with the highest percentages of organic agricultural land are Samoa (14.3 percent), Sao Tome and Principe (12 percent), and Uruguay (8.8 percent). Argentina, with by far the largest area under organic cultivation (with 3.1 million hectares), is ranked fifteenth when the organic agricultural area is expressed as a proportion of the total agricultural area. The share of organic land ofthe top ten countries on the DAC list is comparable to that of many European countries. These high percentages can be attributed in part to a high potential for, and focus on, exports. Support activities may also play a role. However, out of all the countries on the DAC list, only 23 percent of them have a proportion of organic agricultural land higher than one percent of the total agricultural area (Figure 16). Land use details were available for almost 80 percent of the agricultural land; crop data is missing for some of the world's largest producing countries (India and Brazil). However, the available statistics show that the shares of grassland/grazing areas and of permanent crops are relatively high when compared with other regions. Arable land, by contrast, is of minor importance. This is because exports play an important role, either for meat products (mainly from Argentina and Uruguay) or for permanent crops. The most important crops are export crops, such as cereals, sugarcane, coffee, cocomut, cocoa, and tropical and subtropical fruits, from Latin America, and olives, from the Mediterranean countries. Table 13: Countries on the DAC list: Development of organic agricultural land 2009-2014 2009 [ha] 2010 [ha] 2011 [ha] 2012 [ha] 2013 [ha] 2014 [ha] Africa 1'003'648 1075'554 1'072'848 1148'867 1208'225 1262'441 Asia 3'500'058 2'377'368 3'629'475 3'150'217 3'321'944 3'482'482 Europe 346'159 432'006 479120 546'658 476'759 508'942 Latin America 7'260'782 7'138'751 6'565'823 6'543'111 6'407'605 6'380'178 Oceania 25'918 17141 50'691 53'370 62511 85159 Total 12'136'564 11'040'820 11797956 11'442'222 11'477'045 11'719'202 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 The listis available at http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/documentupload/DAC%20List%200f%200DA%20Recipients%202014%20fin alpd£ 68 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn The ten countries on the DAC list with the largest areas of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016 Argentina China Uruguay India Brazil (2012) Mexico (2013) Turkey Kazakhstan (2012) Peru Uganda 0.00 0.50 100 150 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 Million hectares Figure 15: Countries on the DAC list: The ten countries with the largest areas of organic agricultural landin 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certi For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 5, and governments. The ten countries on the DAC list with the highest shares of organic agricultural land 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016 Samoa 14.3% Sao Tome and Principe Uruguay Dominican Republic Timor-Leste Tonga Solomon Islands Kiribati Vanuatu Niue 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Share of agricultural land Figure 16: Countries on the DAC list: The ten countries with the highest shares of organic agricultural landin 2014 L survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certi d data sources see annex, page 315 5, and governments. FIBL 8.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 69 Land use and crop data Almost two-thirds of the 43.7 million hectares of organic agricultural land in 2014 were grassland/grazing areas (27.5 million hectares). The cropland area (arable land with 8.5 million hectares and permanent crops with 3.4 million hectares) constituted 11.9 million hectares, and thus more than a quarter of the organic agricultural land. The cropland area is probably much higher because details on land use are not available for some countries with large organic agricultural areas, such as Brazil and India. General land use information was available for 90 percent of the organic agricultural land; however, this does not mean that detailed crop information is available for all areas, as not all countries provided detailed crop data.* The FAO dlassification? of land use was utilized for this survey, with slight modifications. A system similar to that of Eurostat was used for the classification of crops.* The following main levels were used to classify the land use data: arable land; permanent crops; cropland for which no further details were available (cropland = arable land + permanent cropland with no details available); permanent grassland/grazing areas; other agricultural areas (such as for instance hedges); and agricultural land for which no details were available at all. For crop groups included in these land use types see Table 15. Aquaculture, forest, and grazed non-agricultural land were distinguished from “agricultural land” with a separate category, as were organic wild collection areas and beekeeping areas. The land use information can be summarized by geographical region, as follows: - Africa: Land use information was available for about two-thirds of the organic agricultural land in Africa. Almost half of the agricultural land is used for permanent crops. The main permanent crops are cash crops, such as coffee and olives. For land use details in Africa, see page 163. — Asia: Land use details are known for over sixty percent of the organic agricultural land in Asia. Arable land is mainly used for cereals, indluding rice. Furthermore, oilseeds are important. For land use details in Asia, see page 182. - Europe: In Europe, the agricultural land use is well known, and the main crop categories are well documented. Permanent pastures and arable land have approximately equal shares of the organic agricultural area. Arable land is mainly used for the cultivation of green fodder (2 million hectares) followed by cereals (almost 2 million hectares). Permanent crops account for almost twelve percent of the organic agricultural land. More than one-third of this land was used for olives, followed by grapes, nuts, and fruits. For land use details in Europe, see page 199. — Latin America and the Caribbean: Nearly two-thirds of the organic agricultural land in Latin America for which information was available is permanent pasture. Permanent crops account for one-tenth of the agricultural area. More than one-half * For some countries, only information on the main uses (arable crops, permanent crops, and permanent grassland) was available, For other countries, very detailed statistical land use information can be found. ? For more details, see the FAOSTAT homepage, faostat.fao.org at Home > Concepts and Definitions > Glossary, orhttp://faostat.£ao.org/site/379/DesktopDefault.aspx?PagelD=379 “For details, see www.organicworld.net. For the data collected, a dassification system developed in cooperation with AMI, the German Agricultural Market Information Company, is used. The questionnaire, as well as some background information, is also available at www.organic-world.net. 70 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn ENEE Table 15: World: Land use and crop categories in organic agriculture worldwide 2014 Land use Crop group Area [ha] Agricultural land and crops, no details 31127795 Arable crops Arable crops, no details 278'375 Cereals 3'357'439 Dried pulses 367'485 Flowers and ornamental plants 9'578 Green fodders from arable land 2'566'048 Hops 234 Industrial crops 25'123 Medicinal and aromatic plants 118'254 Mushroom and truffles 687 Oilseeds 983'926 Root crops 61845 Seeds and seedlings 150 Strawberries 4065 Sugarcane 70'005 Textile crops 271284 Tobacco 1902 Vegetables 290'137 Arable crops, other 104/836 Arable crops total 80511374 Cropland, no details 656'651 Other agricultural land — Other agricultural land, no details 19'333 Fallow land, crop rotation 418'032 Hedges 677 Home gardens 57 Unutilised land 51891 Other agricultural land, other 1895 Other agricultural land total 491885 Permanent crops Berries 45'160 Citrus fruit 75'215 Cocoa 245'275 Coconut 156'373 Coffee 740'801 Flowers and ornamental plants, permanent 63 Fruit, no details 22'810 Fruit, temperate 188'168 Fruit, tropical and subtropical 233'143 Grapes 315'979 Medicinal and aromatic plants, permanent 28'403 Nurseries 643 Nuts 286'109 Olives 627'478 Tea/mate, etc. 69'025 Permanent crops, other 382'120 Permanent crops total 3416765 Permanent grassland 27'457'976 Total 43'662'446 Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 73 Stat Arable Land Arable land With a total of more than 8.5 million hectares, organic arable land constitutes 19 percent of the world's organic agricultural land, and 0.6 of the world's arable crop land.* An increase of 6.7 percent over 2013 was reported, and there was an increase in almost all crop categories, with the exception of cereals and vegetables, which decreased by 2.3 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively. Almost 60 percent of the arable land is located in Europe, followed by Asia (19 percent), and North America (15 percent) (see Figure 20). Most of this category of land is used for cereals including rice (3.4 million hectares), green fodder (2.6 million hectares), and oilseeds (almost 1 million hectares). Table 16: Use of organic arable land (including in-conversion areas), 2013 and 2014 compared Crop group 2013 [ha] 2014 [ha] Change[ha] Change[%] Cereals 3'435'682 3'357'439 -78'244 2.3% Dried pulses 308'797 367'485 +58'688 +19.0% Flowers and ornamental plants 3'081 9'578 +6'497 +210.9% Green fodders from arable land 2'459'840 2'566'048 +106'208 +4.3% Hops 225 234 +9 +4.2% Industrial crops 23'964 25'123 +1'159 +4.8% Medicinal and aromatic plants 87640 118'254 +30'614 +34.9% Mushrooms and truffles 1520 687 -833 -54.8% Oilseeds 867'000 983'926 +116'926 +100.0% Root crops 52'384 61845 +9'461 +18.1% Seeds and seedlings 4721 150 -4'571 -96.8% Strawberries 4/023 41065 +42 +1.0% Sugarcane 69'289 70'005 +716 +1.0% Textile crops 90'993 271284 +180'291 +198.1% Tobacco 1708 1902 +194 +211.4% Vegetables 304'479 290'137 14342 4.7% Total* 7'980'348 8'511'374 +5311027 +6.7% Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Not all countries included in the survey provided data on land use or crop areas. *Total includes arable crop groups for which no further details were available. Y There were 1'407843380 hectares of arable cropland in 2013, according to FAOSTAT, FAO, Rome. See the FAOSTAT, the FAO Homepage, FAO, Rome at faostat3.fa0.org > Agri-Environmental Indicators > Download > http://£aostat3.f£a0.01g/download/R/RL/E 74 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 206. Frick and Bonn Statistics: Arable Lan: Distribution of organicarable cropland by region 2014 Source: BL survey 016 Africa 3% Oceania Latin America, 0% 4% A North America 15% Europe Asia 7 19% Figure 20: World: Distribution of organic arable cropland by region 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Use of organic arable cropland by crop group 2014 Source ROL survey 2016 Other 11% Vegetables. 3% Dried pulses 4% Cereals 40% Oilseeds 12% Green fodder from arable land 30% Figure 21: World: Use of arable cropland by crop group 2014 Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, cer ers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL £ IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 75 Stat Wild Collection Wild collection and beekeeping areas The collection of wild harvested crops is defined in the IFOAM Norms (IFOAM 2014), and wild collection activities are also regulated by organic laws. A collection area (including beekeeping) of 37.4 million hectares was reported in 2014. The organic wild collection areas are concentrated in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America (Figure 24); the distribution is thus quite different from that of the organic agricultural land. The countries with the largest areas are Finland (mainly berries), followed by Zambia (beekeeping) and India (Figure 25). Wild berries, apiculture, medicinal and aromatic plants, as well as shea nuts in Africa and Brazil nuts in Latin America, play the most important roles (see Table 19). Table 18: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by region 2013 and 2014 compared Region 2013 [ha] 2014 [ha] Change [ha] Change [%] Africa 101211401 11790'631 +1669'230 +16.5% Asia 7'794'340 6'300'019 -1'494'321 -19.2% Europe 13357259 16'279'559 +2'922300 +21.9% Latin America 2749717 3'007'369 +257'652 +9.4% North America 71821 63'954 -71867 -11.0% Oceania 765 765 - - Total 34'095'303 37'442'296 +3'346"994 +9.8% Source: FIBL survey 2016, based on data from governments, the private sector, and certifiers. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Table 19: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by crop group 2014 Land use Area [ha] Apiculture 6'707'330 Berries, wild 41576 Forest honey 360'000 Fruit, wild 440'297 Medicinal and aromatic plants, wild 3'718'957 Mushrooms, wild 92'558 Nuts, wild 1192792 Oil plants, wild 1'416'229 Palm sugar 1431 Palmito, wild 63'867 Rose hips, wild 60'028 Seaweed 200'032 Wild collection, no details 22'652'071 Wild collection, other 495'128 Total 37'442'296 Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 78 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Distribution of organic wild collection areas by region 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016 Latin America, Nor) America sor | 2 Asia 16.8% Europe 43.5% Africa 31.5% Figure 24: World: Dis in 2014 ibution of organic wild collection and beekeeping areas by region Source: FIBL survey 2016, based on data from government bodies, the private sector, and certifiers. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 The ten countries with the largest wild collection areas 2014 Source: FBL sumey 2016 Finland Zambia India Namibia Russian Federation Romania Brazil (2012) China Tajikistan (2012) Bolivia Million hectares Figure 25: World: The ten countries with the largest organic wild collection and beekeeping areasin 2014 ¡BL survey 2016, based on data from government bodies, the private sector, and certifiers. led data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 79 Stat Wild Collection Table 20: Wild collection and beekeeping areas by country 2014 Country Land use 2014 Albania Medicinaland aromatic plants, wild 467783 Argentina Apiculture /229 Wild collection, no details 4372 Armenia Wild collection, no details 11250 Azerbaijan Berries, wild 161 Fruit, wild 541 Medicinal and aromatic plants, wild 56 Nuts, wild 179 Belarus Wild collection, no details 11494 Belgium Wild collection, no details 3 Benin Nuts, wild 500 wild collection, other 41005 Bhutan Medicinal and aromatic plants, wild 6315 Bolivia Nuts, wild 922'991 Bosnia and Herzegovina Wild collection, no details 124141 Brazil Wild collection, no details 11209773 Bulgaria Rose hips, wild 1588 Wild collection, no details 678025 Wild collection, other 232 Burkina Faso Nuts, wild 65'581 Wild collection, no details 14177 Wild collection, other 310 Cameroon Forest honey 360'000 Canada Berries, wild 2046 Wild collection, no details 11315 Wild collection, other 50'592 Chad Wild collection, other 11000 Chile Berries, wild 17708 Rose hips, wild 58%440 Wild collection, no details 41906 China Fruit, wild 432428 Medicinal and aromatic plants, wild 11165 Mushrooms, wild 91272 Nuts, wild '990 Nuts, wild, other 7807 Oil plants, wild 44606 Wild collection, no details 328'000 Wild collection, other 224059 Colombia Palmito, wild 6800 Wild collection, other 520 Comoros Medicinal and aromatic plants, wild 29 Wild collection, no details 41 Cóte d'Ivoire Croatia Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Georgia Ghana Guatemala Guyana Iceland India Indonesia Nuts, wild Rose hips, wild Wild collection, no details Wild collection, other Wild collection, no details Apiculture Wild collection, other Mushroom, wild Wild collection, no details Apiculture Wild collection, other Wild collection, other Wild collection, no details Wild collection, no details Wild collection, no details Nuts, wild Wild collection, no details Apiculture Palmito, wild Seaweed Wild collection, other Wild collection, no details Apiculture Oil plants, wild Palm sugar 5 54'000 200'032 14'493 3'990'000 9'007 137 1431 80 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Development of the organic beehives 2007-2014 Source: FIBLIFOAM-SOEL 2006-2046 1'200'000 1'000'000 - 800'000 - 1'064'057 600'000 - 400'000 200'000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 27: Development of the organic beehives 2007-2014 Source: FiBL-IFOAM-SOEL surveys 2006-2016. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 The ten countries with the largest number of organic beehives 2014 Source: FIBL survey 2016 Bulgaria Italy France Brazil (2012) Romania Zambia (2012) Spain Portugal Ethiopia (2013) Mexico (2013) 0 50'000 100'000 150'000 200'000 Beehives Figure 28: The ten countries with the largest number of organic beehives in 2014 Source: FiBL survey-2016. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 83 Table 21: Number of organic beehives by country 2014 Country Beehives [no.] Country Beehives [no.] Argentina 16992 Slovakia 477 Armenia 800 Slovenia 1631 Australia 6475 South Africa 4 Austria 19'503 Spain 48'470 Azerbaijan 932 Sweden 2182 Belgium 200 Switzerland 3'392 Bhutan 177 Tunisia 757 Bosnia and Herzegovina 561 Turkey 36'391 Brazil 96367 Ukraine 300 Bulgaria 179'106 Zambia 51978 Burkina Faso 1 Total 1'032'685 Canada 8s Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on Chile 5'414 information from the private sector, Croatia 3'649 certifiers, and governments. For detailed Cuba 24100 data sources see annex, page 315 Czech Republic 39 Denmark 56 Estonia 1684 Ethiopia 44/23 Finland 4'915 France 96478 French Guiana (France) 21 Georgia 570 Greece 14865 Guadeloupe (France) 36 Hungary 19'296 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 2'500 Ireland 58 Italy 146'692 Kosovo 40 Latvia 12036 Lebanon 183 Liechtenstein 1 Lithuania 790 Luxembourg 44 Martinique (France) 120 Mexico 37455 Montenegro 1057 Morocco 2'200 Nicaragua 13367 Norway 1347 Poland 1844 Portugal 47118 Réunion (France) 415 Romania 81583 Saudi Arabia 772 Senegal 32 Serbia 884 84 FIBL 8 IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn ENEE Statistics on selected crops In this section, some of the data received on key crops and crop groups are presented: area under organic management, including conversion areas, and comparison with the total area of the crops (if available). FiBL collected land use and crop data for the first time in 2004; hence, the development graphs show the growth since that year. It should be noted that the organic areas are compared with the area harvested in 2013 as provided by FAO. The data may not necessarily be directly comparable to the areas sown or planted as registered by the certification bodies. In some cases, the area data may refer to mixed cropping areas or to agroforestry areas in the case of tropical fruit, where the provided crop surfaces are the total surface of the agroforestry system, including shade trees and other crops. This should be kept in mind when comparing the organic crop area to the overall area for a certain crop; particularly in the case of tropical crops. Data on conversion status: For some countries, data were collated from several certifiers, some of which provided information on the conversion status while others did not. Therefore, the sum of land under conversion and the fully converted land is not necessarily the same as the total land under organic agricultural management. The tables presented in this section are an example of the information available, including other crops, in the FiBL database, which is available at www.organic-world.net. At this website, slides on key crops with more graphs than are shown here are available. Table 22: Selected key crop groups and crops in organic agriculture 2014 (overview): Land under organic management (including conversion areas) . L North á Africa Asia Europe Oceania Total Crops [ha] [ha] [ha] Aa! a Aa] [ha] [ha] Cereals 6'845 755'473 1911845 123223 557329 2724 3'357'439 Citrus fruit 6'263 8'311 38'232 14'403 7528 480 75'215 Cocoa 38'609 31282 206'242 1060 249194 Coffee 223'351 123'061 407776 18728 762'916 Dried pulses 354 18'532 299229 105 49'248 18 367485 Comberate 8124 26777 — 1276m 5321 19/053 v282 188'168 A 17289 52842 31610 123'568 6717 Y17 233143 Grapes 1316 18'083 266208 11496 16'094 2782 315'979 Oilseeds 123'646 443 878 245'700 46'583 123'902 217 983'926 Olives 125'344 6'876 492006 2782 470 627478 Vegetables 5'932 34114 131'882 52'474 64'348 1388 290'137 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 FIBL 8. IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 85 Stati 17] Gra Table 23: Cereals: Organic area by country 2014 Country Organicarea Organicshare Area fully Area under [ha] [9%] converted [ha] conversion [ha] Argentina 21354 0.2% Australia 2724 0.02% Austria 97'783 12.2% Azerbaijan 1598 0.2% 1598 Bangladesh 101 0.01% Belgium 8'079 2.4% 6'392 1687 Bhutan 1037 1.9% 1037 Bolivia 87'545 7.7% 72'981 14'564 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 0.001% 3 Bulgaria 12'060 0.6% 3'506 7290 Burkina Faso 57 0.01% 57 Cambodia 2'964 0.1% 2'938 26 Canada 228'855 1.4% 228'855 Chile 269 0.05% 269 China 565'754 0.6% 428'100 137654 Colombia 100 0.01% 98 2 Costa Rica 55 0.1% Croatia 8776 1.5% 3'959 4'817 Cyprus 422 0.9% 413 9 Czech Republic 24'255 1.7% 22167 2'088 Denmark 51422 3.6% 47037 4'385 Dominican Republic 350 0.2% 350 Ecuador 3'261 0.4% 2'899 362 Estonia 27'182 8.7% 24322 2'860 Finland 49515 4.5% 46717 2798 France 140'506 1.5% 115'840 24/66 Germany 199'000 3.0% Greece 45'101 5.5% 36'629 8'472 Hungary 24/099 0.8% 22634 1465 Indonesia v314 0.01% 1309 Iran 66 0.01% 60 6 Ireland 1395 0.5% 1353 42 Israel 928 1.1% 91 14 Italy 203'685 5.9% 154'501 49'184 Japan 3'098 0.2% 3'098 Kazakhstan 130'882 0.8% 101210 25'000 Kyrgyzstan 93 0.02% 87 6 Lao People's Democratic 1030 0.1% Latvia 31390 5-4% 27444 3'946 Lebanon 2 0.04% 1 1 Liechtenstein 77 E 77 Lithuania 68'406 5.7% 62106 6'300 Luxembourg 811 2.8% 740 7 Macedonia, FYROM 1550 0.9% 781 769 Madagascar 89 0.01% Mali 43 0.01% 43 Malta 1 0.02% 1 Mexico 4267 0.04% 4267 Moldova 8'399 E Morocco 100 0.02% 100 Namibia 277 0.1% 144 33 88 FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Country Organicarea Organicshare Area fully Area under [ha] [%] converted [ha] conversion [ha] Netherlands 3'543 1.7% Nigeria 1012 0.01% Norway 7026 2.5% 6'470 556 Pakistan 10'271 0.1% 10271 Palestine, State of 71 - 71 Paraguay 2 0.0001% 2 Peru 6'019 0.5% 8 Philippines 554 0.01% 508 Poland 111'506 1.5% 97731 13776 Portugal 8'135 2.6% 6'620 1515 Republic of Korea 11686 0.2% Romania 102'531 1.9% 69'002 33'529 Russian Federation 10'415 0.03% 918 329 Saudi Arabia 10'705 4.5% 245 10'460 Senegal 3'589 0.3% 113 3'576 Serbia 2'828 0.1% 985 1842 Slovakia 14/868 2.0% 13'345 1523 Slovenia 1734 1.7% 1447 286 South Africa 679 0.02% 630 49 Spain 154'760 2.5% 144'345 10'415 Sweden 92'692 9.5% 85'744 6'947 Switzerland 7193 4.9% Taiwan 7'059 - 7'059 Tanzania 456 E 128 328 Thailand 21'040 0.2% Tunisia 414 0.1% 1088 Turkey 159'226 1.4% 121253 37973 Ukraine 189'467 1.2% United Kingdom 42'003 1.4% 41064 939 United States of America 328'474 0.6% Viet Nam 220 0.02% Zambia 128 0.01% Total 3'357'439 0.5% 2'029'387 424'259 Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Blank cells: No data available. FIBL 8.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 89 > Citrus fruit The area of organic citrus fruits is shown in Table 24, which includes oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, pomelos, tangerines, and “other citrus.” According to this data, 75'000 hectares of citrus fruit are grown organically worldwide. This constitutes 0.8 percent of the world's total citrus area of 9.6 million hectares in 2013 (FAOSTAT).* As no crop details for the organic area were available for some of the world's leading citrus producers - India (0.97 million hectares), Brazil (0.8 million hectares), and Nigeria (0.79 million hectares) according to FAOSTAT -, it can be assumed that the world figure for the area under organic citrus is higher. In organic agriculture, the largest producer is Italy, with almost 230'000 hectares constituting 19.3 percent of Italy's harvested citrus fruit area, followed by Mexico (almost 12'000 hectares, 2.1 percent), and China (almost 8'000 hectares, 0.3 percent). Burkina Faso has the highest proportion of organic citrus fruit with almost 33 percent of the harvested citrus fruit area according to the available data. It is followed by Italy (19.3 percent) and Ghana (15 percent). Since 2004, when 28'500 hectares of organic citrus were grown, the area has tripled. Crop details were available for about two-thirds of the organic citrus fruit area: Oranges were grown in 44 percent of the citrus area, followed by pomelos and grapefruit with 5 percent (see Figure 31). The available data on the conversion status indicates that at least 20 percent of the organic citrus area was in-conversion in 2014 (almost 16'000 hectares). Thus, there could be a considerable increase in the supply of organic citrus fruit in the near future. Citrus fruit: Use of organic citrus fruit area 2014 Source: FIL survey 2016 Oranges Other/no details 44% 46% Tangerine! | Pomelos and 1% Lemons and acid Bfapefruit limes 5% 4% Figure 31: Citrus fruit: Distribution of organic citrus fruit area 2014 Source: FiBL survey 2016 * FAOSTAT, the FAO Homepage, FAO, Rome at faostat3.fao.org > Agri-Environmental Indicators > Download > http://faostat3.fao.org/download/R/RL/E 90 FIBL 8.1FOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Table 25: Cocoa beans: Organic area by country 2014 Country Organic Organic Area fully Area under area [ha] share [%] converted [ha] conversion [ha] Belize 892 - 834 58 Bolivia 4595 51.9% 3'976 619 Colombia 381 0.4% 370 1 CostaRica 131 28% Cóte d'Ivoire 1 0.004% 107 4 Congo, D.R. 14393 72.0% 14393 a 120315 79.7% 119'967 348 Ecuador 13'643 3.4% 12'667 976 Ghana s'153 0.3% Grenada 65 5.0% Haiti 2812 12.8% Honduras 753 44.3% Indonesia 22 0.001% 22 Madagascar 2'133 20.3% Mexico 19'382 16.6% 19'382 Nicaragua 3'666 56.4% 1521 2146 Nigeria 500 0.04% Panama 14/021 - 4224 436 RDLEO 1060 0.8% 1060 Peru 25'587 26.2% Pc Sn 6401 26.1% 6383 18 Tanzania 3'919 - 3'919 Thailand 960 - Togo 2'249 2.8% 1736 513 Uganda 3'750 7.8% Viet Nam 2'300 - Total 249'194 2.5% 190'562 5'128 Source: FIBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Blank cells: No data available. For some of the countries in this table, the cocoa share was very high and not plausible; the corresponding figures were, therefore, eliminated. The high organic share, compared with the total area harvested according to FAO, is probably due to the fact that cocoa is grown more extensively in organic agriculture. Additionally, for the other countries listed in this table, it should be keptin mind that the organic data might not be directly comparable to the overall cocoa area. For information on cocoa certified by other sustainability standards see page 118. FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 93 ETE ia > Coffee Almost 763'000 hectares of coffee were grown organically in 2014. This constituted 7.7 percent of the world's harvested coffee area of 9.9 million hectares in 2013, according to FAOSTAT.* The world's leading producers are Brazil (2.1 million hectares), Indonesia (1.2 million hectares), Colombia (0.8 million hectares), Mexico (0.7 million hectares), and Vietnam (almost 0.6 million hectares). Data on the organic production was available for all of these countries with the exception of Brazil and Vietnam. More than 50 percent of the world's organic coffee area is in Latin America and almost 30 percent in Africa. In organic farming, the largest areas were in Mexico (243'000 hectares), Ethiopia (154'000 hectares), and Peru (89'000 hectares). Nepal had the highest share, with almost 46 percent of organic coffee, followed by Timor-Leste (45 percent), Bolivia (37 percent), and Mexico (almost 35 percent). Some of these high percentages must be attributed to the fact that coffee is grown more extensively in organic agriculture, and often in association with other crops. The organic coffee area has more than quadrupled since 2004. Coffee: Development of the global organic area 2004-2014 Source: FIBL-IFOAM-SOEL 2006-2016 300'000 800'000 700'000 ., 500'000 $5 500'000 Í 400'000 300'000 200'000 100'000 o 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 33: Coffee: Development of the global organic area 2004-2014 Source: FIBL-IFOAM-SOEL surveys 2006-2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 * FAOSTAT, the FAO Homepage, FAO, Rome at faostat3.fao.org > Agri-Environmental Indicators > Download > http://faostat3.fao.org/download/R/RL/E 94 FIBL 8 IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Table 26: Coffee: Organic area by country 2014 Country Organic> Organic Area fully Area under area [ha] share [%] converted [ha] conversion [ha] Angola 1738 4.3% 1738 Bolivia 11'185 37.3% 9709 1476 Cameroon 70 0.03% 70 Colombia 10'495 1.4% 7973 7523 CostaRica 706 0.8% Cuba 1 0.04% Congo, D.R. 25'702 30.2% 23'153 2549 Dominican Republic 1774 2.4% 1774 Ecuador 3'092 5.0% 2747 345 El Salvador 3'539 2.6% 3'617 22 Ethiopia 154'418 29.7% 1541043 375 Guatemala 8'425 3-4% 6'925 1500 Honduras 23'500 8.5% Indonesia 81522 6.6% 36'022 Jamaica 2 0.03% 2 Kenya 240 0.2% 120 120 Lao P.D.R. 4'301 7.5% Madagascar 1102 0.8% Mexico 242'603 34.7% 242603 Nepal 804 45.9% 804 Nicaragua 12'257 11.3% 10'433 1824 Panama 953 4.3% 227 Papua New Guinea 18'728 26.8% 5'843 12'885 Peru 89145 22.3% Pc Sn 245 24.5% 245 Tanzania 22'115 - Thailand 1202 2.4% TimorLeste 25'232 45.1% 25'232 Uganda 17721 5.7% Total 767'916 7.7% 533277 23'621 Source: FiBL survey 2016; based on information from the private sector, certifiers, and governments. For detailed data sources see annex, page 315 Blank cells: No data available. For information on coffee certified by other sustainability standards see page 118. FIBL £.IFOAM - Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 95