¡Descarga Spanish Demographic Data Analysis y más Ejercicios en PDF de Demografía solo en Docsity! Luna Blanco Díaz 100432167 – Group 18 DEMOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT 1 QUESTION 1. I.N.E (the Spanish statistics office) publishes Spanish demographic data, surveys and many other kinds of data. Go have a look online at www.ine.es (also available in English). Please look-up the following – maybe surprising – statistics and answer the questions: a. How many 25-year-old men and women were there in Spain in 2021 (July)? Were there more women or men? Why do you think this is? (Click: Inebase; Demography and population, Population figures and demographic censuses Population Figures). According to the data presented by the INE website, for the period “2021 July”, there was a total number of 481,464 men and women (“both sexes”) for the age of 25 years, at the national level. More specifically, there were 244,912 men, and 236,552 women. This reflects a ratio of 103.5:100 (men:women). To explain the difference in numbers, or the imbalance shown by the ratio, I unfortunately did not find any relevant or consistent reasons, as, for instance, the population aged 25 now has not suffered or gone through any major demographic shocks, nor wars, famine, major natural disasters… Therefore, I personally think it is simply part of the evolution of the ratio throughout life, so that, if we compare the ratio we should find for the people aged 70 years, we would certainly see more women than men live. Young age groups: no strange thing related to balance between number of men and women. In the older ages, the gap between the total number of men and women was lower as many women died because of giving birth. b. Is the population projected to grow or decline from now until 2070? How many people would have to immigrate/emigrate to avoid population decline/growth in year 2069 (from 2069 to 2070)? (Click: Inebase; Population Figures Population projections). According to the INE, the Population projections provide a simulation of the population that would reside in Spain in the next years, broken down according to basic demographic characteristics, on the basis of the population estimate at 1 January of the current year. They meet the need for a current outlook of the possible future demographic reality which is updated to the most recent demographic evolution. In particular, the object is to simulate the effects of the demographic structure and the current demographic tendencies on the future population. As it is depicted in the table, the population of Spain is expected to grow from now (as for year 2020), until 2070 if current demographic trends were maintained. Indeed, from the total population of 47,329,981 residing in Spain in 2020, we would expect it to increase to a total number of 50,589,811 by 2069/2070 (more than three million). To avoid population growth/decline in Spain in the years 2069/2070, and based on the expected natural increase of the Spanish population by -229,185 people in those years, we could confirm that 299,000 people would have to immigrate to maintain the balance. c. INE also collects data on living standards. Household budget surveys help to estimate the living conditions of a person and household. How much money did the average person (any age) spend in 2020, 2013 and 2008? Why did the average person living in Madrid spend more than the national average? (Path: CPI household budget survey (base 2006) results by autonomous communityTotal expenditure, average expenditure and distribution of household expenditure. Look for expenditure per person). As reported by the INE, the estimated average expenditure by a person in Spain, in the different years, was 2008: 11,895.05 - 2013: 10,715.52 - 2020: 10,848.22 On its hand, the average expenditure by a person living in Madrid, that same years, was 2008: 13,921.26 2013: 12,871.44 2020: 12,873.35 Indeed, we can observe there is a noticeable gap between the first and the second estimators. The main reason behind this lies on the fact that Madrid, as the capita of Spain, presents more expensive costs than other regions. As with any country, the largest, most metropolitan cities can present more costs as a disadvantage of living in the main area of the country. Both Madrid and Barcelona are the most expensive cities to live in for many reasons. In this sense, much of these costs come down to housing and other essentials like the price of the food, transportation cost, entertainment activities... d. In which Spanish province is your first name most common (in total numbers and per thousand people)? What is the mean age of people named like you? Copy-paste the map with the distribution by province in your Word document. (Path: Inebase; Demography and population Frequencies of names; or use “Search”-option for “frequencies of names”). My first name is LUNA. The province in which, according to the INE, my first name is more common is Madrid (total number: 2091, total per thousand people: 0.591). The mean age of people named like me is 12.6 years. QUESTION 2. The following question deals with causes of death in Spain and can be answered using data on www.INE.es. What
