beat generation, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

¡Descarga beat generation y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! North American Literature 6 de Febrero 20th century realism in content and purpose Realism. American realism in Europe, critiques ask in american literature, what are the origin? As they care about the national origin in america and there were too many points of view. • American realism is attached to a certain real evolution, a patriotic sense. Patriotic desire to reflect the American reality. Many became interested in realism in america, american patriotics reflected american realism. 1840s Realistic period in Europe. It was reinforced in Late 19th emerge the scientific discovers, different perception of reality. Science let a more confidence in individuals to face reality, improving guman conditions and relation with this reality. • North American society F 0E 0 civil war. Victory of the North over the southern states. It supposed a change in economy. (Agriculture economy to Industrial economy, mostly in big cities) Everything became transformed. Second transformation F 0E 0 technology. However in contrast to this view, there is a less nationalistic version and it defends that in American is imitating a European version of realism. Realism: 1 Past and present are discontinuous 2 The past can be rejected as without serious relevance to the present. They were key elements of realism.Realism as a response to romanticism in contrast to subjectivity,subvertion to t he past, they had nothing to do with the past. Realism denies the continuous of time. Psychological ideas: our own brain is unable to apprehend the total reality. When we want to remember anything for the past maybe you will change your perception. Second dimension: Civil war made American involved in the construction of a new nation. Nothing to do with the past,The final aim of this literature genre (two main aspects), the enormous interest in powerful things, comprehensible things, and particular things. Writers became interested in imitating nature and workings of nature. The second aspect: since the artist can not borrow his intelligent from the past now the writer wishes to study, to analyze his age, not old past, interested in the present. Since they are not interested in tradition, the new feeling is that everything cames from our genetic information or tradition or accumulated events or cultural events, no longer relevants in realistic order. Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur he was a french no to close to englishman, he developed the same view and Thomas Jefferson, American was in an agrarian society. “Letters from an American farmer” Thomas Jefferson, founding father of the nation, theory of the American revolution, the main idea: American was a land free of lords. Country was divided,south to spain, mid for france, north to rusia..so 4 nations.. Men should be attached to the land. They should be farmers. Agrarian society F 0E 0 interest in nature. People move from the countries to big cities. A change that altered the American life and their way of life. Jean is associated with the french part. American was an agrarian society. The farmers were no longer a reference for the modern man, the modern man lives in the city. The sons and daughter of this farmer abandoned them and went to cities, family separation. After the civil war america abandoned principles as people moved from country to city., which altered american mind and way of life. Writers continue interested in the essential America. Regionalism. Associated with the south, regionalism. writers were interested in local color, the diversity of american associated with the south .The perception: man had degraded, there was no illusion. A matter of perception: a new way of life. Agrarian society has been replaced by regionalism, which tends into F 0E 0 realism F 0 E 0 naturalism. . Naturalism: most radical version of realism. Impose a new order, exploitation over human beings. How individuals were oppressed by the city life. Man degraded, no illusion. And writers were idealising more than reality as such. In any case there was a disillusion because men has left agrarian society and tend to a very oppressive society (fabrics, industrial way of life). Farmers continued with business and new way of life, a matter of perception. In 19th still fascinated with new way of life and felt nostalgia for agrarian society.Man has left agrarian society and oppresive society, now industrial rev oppress them. The role of men is just to survive through three ways criticized by writers: 1 First the man survive through animal instincts 2 To trust in God not as in germany nietzche killing of god, they a puritan religion.(religion solved some of the doubts about this industrialism) 3 Recognition that men were constructing the new environmental way of life. Late 20th century realistic novel F 0E 0 Henry James He is not considered an American writer because he lived in London; spend most of literary career in England. Most of his writings were related to American experiences. British eyes, but talking about America. Very interested in human relationships. Psychological interest. William James his brother most famous psychologist. Our of three aspects: Description, analysis and dialogues. Realistic writers tried to write about what their saw. “Consciousness”: integral perception of ourselves. This was built around characters, each characters provides his/her own view of reality but at the end the reader should get a final impression, a final conclusion of that reality, like a sense of coherence. Individual experiences. Writers were in favour of description analisis dialogues with this 3 tecniques, devices the realistic writer write about what he saw, his experience in reality. H.james aim was to bring realism to the principle of point of view, and necesity of combining realism and point of view, conciousness, our perception of ourselves with the external world, so it is provided by characters and at the end we get an opinion, a conclusion. An explample is about the new york square in which characters lived, diversity of life, and at the end we get a social view of this square and ney york. Henry james inserts this sicology with this social reality. He’s use of the present has to do with individualism rather than his objective view. The recognition of the individual. Function of realistic writer, report observable facts as twain in letters. Determinism: It is no new, it is taken from science, darwin, a continual process of evolution.we are determined by the past, writer retook this consideration, returning men’s revolution. Social forces determine man evolution. In America F 0E 0 No School of Realism, no manifestos on realism, no essays on realism. This aspect is very important because when there is a new movement there are many manifestos, however in movement like New york school there are several essays that contributes to several movement. Realism in America is associated with a variety of non literary aspects. - It was an agrarian society, regionalism, and this period helped to deveop realism, naturalism -Subject of shift of economics , agricultural society became an industrial one, how socual order people are determined by big cities. -Political reform, it was not in France or England. Realism in American pay attention to the economy (agriculture society into industrial society) Political reforms because of the civil war. We cannor talk of realism, but several realisms depending on writers, there wasnt theory of this movement, but a process of writers acumulating realistic concerns throughtout 19th. Several types of realism, depending on the writer. Frank Norris F 0E 0 Naturalism. New realism arose, puritanism abandoned, principle that disapeared after 1 ww and americans accepted this disapearance of jefersonian idealism. This reveals how new conditions dramatically changed. 1 Every individual should have his land, is free and he is the responsible for his destiny. Owner of his destiny, man is a free moral agent of his own destiny. 2.man cannot be subjected to authority Rejection of the state, utopian idealism, which was significant for the american dream. Puritan believes abandoned the principles of Jefferson ideas. The new social condition: Capitalism. In the late 19th. Literary life, no commited, abandoned those values and became to a conclusion, real man has no more idealistic concern for the rol of man in society, noew there is a new reality, no more rural america, now it is a city. Realistic writing was a common concern, and reinforces the issue in the american man and his concception of: “Life as movement”. Journeys. Process of discovers. Continuation, new frontiers, americans interested in Mars, which a Scientist approach, trying to become objective, following realistic rules. American writers abandoned the past and reflected their own contemporanietivity, as M.twain who followed this but had a split personality in his characters.Determined by families, social conditions and found a way to liberate them for example H james was conditioned by his british experience and incorporated british tradition to his american realism. We are an acumulation of past experiences and they rejected it in the 19th they asked for a separation between past and present supported by the civil war and a new economic social order. _________________________________________ Man with the hoe class Realism was related to poetry,a new consideration about literature, writers tried to combine languaje and reality. There was no expeculation, all elements were together, following the same direction to demonstrate something, a single view of the text. There are elements copresent, and all contribute to the text, all important. There was no oportunity for researching, the text is a text, reality, trying to write in a very objective way, so no complications on interpreting it, everything is there.. Realist american poetry characteristics: -Poetry is involved in lyricism in the role of writer in an objective way and with lyric qualities of old past, some metrical patterns to stablish it, it is not invented. -there is a variation of poets who look at nature they represent nature in their poems so with an empirical perception. -poems are more related to comentaries of city life, about interurban society. -it trasmites personal confesion, with a view perception of society. Edwin Marham Lincon, the man of the people The painting which served as a model to him. It was disregarded. There were many innovations, he is a realist writer, to the european poetry, but he is no an innovator in american poetry. But he is unknown, forgoten in his age he was popular, he enjoyed popularity in his own life. He became famous for man with the hoe. He was considered laureate, he is compared with draiseer. In fiction an poetry liders of reaism in america. Was influenced by Worshword, byron, tennyson, english poets and this attention for the past remained conservative in his tecnique but this conservative content of poetry for conservative aproach. His important poemas were published first in magazines, and the majority of the consumers were women, bacause he was closer to common people, he has lack of sofisticated tecnique, for simple and common readers. Importnt poems,, lincon man of people, and man with the hoe. Birthday diner, were acclamed for diverse events. the bhday for lincoln commemorative aniversary 1900 he wrote this and became in 1917 marmol engraved in lincoln memorial,, this means that being selected and his poem inscribed there, celebrating poetry he narrates how he came from a handwork origin and became a hero, he is compared to a man in mountains and sea. The color of the ground was in him the read earth. He was preocupated for social affairs , and with and antislavery