The Roman Conquest of Britain: From Neolithic Period to the Saxon Invasion - Prof. Hidalgo, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

¡Descarga The Roman Conquest of Britain: From Neolithic Period to the Saxon Invasion - Prof. Hidalgo y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! CLASS N. 1 • STARTING POINT – ROMAN CONQUEST (Because of documents) -We start @ Neolithic period. Beaker folk, their name has something to do with the kind of pottery they used, the were neolithic societies. They knew how to work metals and built important funeral places such as Stonehenge, that has remained a ritual centre for 4.000 years. Stonehenge is also related to Druids, they were important during this period, but became even more important during the Celtic Culture. Known for their magical and supernatural sources. -6th Century BC – aka Celtic Culture or Iron Age. At the end of this century, there's a new arrival. “ The Belgic Tribes ”. Basically they lived in small communities protected by a fortification. The celts have left important fortifications throughout England to defend their communities from invaders. But Romans brought a superior warfare technology, so these defensive fortifications were tumbled down. All of this up there ^ is what the Romans found when they arrived in England. In the north: Picts – Scots (Ireland and Scotland) These two remained resistant to the Roman invasion. Picts were called Picti by Romans because they went to war painted in blue. - Roman invasion • 55 BC (1st attempt commanded by Julio Cesar – They failed) • 43 AD (2nd attempt) aka Claudian conquest, because it was achieved by the command of the Roman Emperor Claudius. CELTIC AREAS → Ireland, Wales, Cornwall – They retained the Celtic culture and traditions. -Britannia Roman area was aka Britannia (southern England). They fused with the roman population. Romans established important areas (- caster, -chester, -cester originally took from the Roman's work Castra (asentamiento)) this indicated that they were Roman sentiments (normally without fortification). Hadrian's wall → was built to protect the Roman area from the attacks of the north. Romans built the first important cities. Such as Londonium – Capital of Britannia, because of the river thames. Britain became a very important exporter of corn and tin, because of this they built important facilities (roads, bridges..) to reach the rest of the provinces. Another important contribution were the Villas (they were the characteristic roman countryside house “cortijos”) The romans did not established, THEY SETTLED. (SETTLEMENT) Southern England had more civilised development than the north thanks to the romans. Another important place was Bath. (Which remains very fashionable and remarkable) Another important contribution was christianity religion, which became their official religion. Britannia became a christian province. -Rebellions One of the most important rebellions was headed by Queen Boudicca wife of Prasutagus. They “owned” Icem tribe. This tribes had some kind of relationship with the romans, it was some kind of agreement, they let them rule their territories but Romans had the POWER. This relationship was called client-kings. Prasutagus was one of this client-kings. The ignorant called it civilisation → Not only they adopted the language but also their fashion. The toga was often seen. Romans wanted to enjoy stuff they had in Rome. That's why they persuaded them and built baths etc. • Image: Boudicca is represented as a very tempered woman. Hut: Choza 1st paragraph: we should explain it answering questions like this: Who is Boudicca?, why is she relevant?, events around it, who is Paulinus : governor during this period, who are the barbarians? Etc. CLASS N. 3 Roman Britain was not only threatened by the celtic tribes in the north → which is why they built the H'adrian's wall, to prevent the attack from the northern tribes the picts and the scots. By the 4th century, 367, the romans were not only threatened by the celtic tribes in the north but also by the saxons. The saxons is a very loose term that includes people from present Germany or Belgium. By the year 410, the romans ended the rule in Britain. The roman army withdrew. King Vortigern invited Hengist and Horsa (saxon warriors) to defend Britain from the scots and the picts but instead of helping him, they settled and funded the kingdom of Kent. • The saxons came from Germany (saxons), Denmark (Angles), Holland (Frisians) and Belgium (Jutes). They gave Britannia the name of England, the land of Angles. The Britons were lead by the legendary king Arthur (who resisted the saxons). He represents the resistance of the british against the saxons – Battle of Mount Bandon. Some Britons exited to the north of France to escape from the saxons and moved to Bretagne (France). These exiles developed the arthurian legend. That's why most of the legends were developed in France and not England. By the early 7th century, the saxons were fulled settled in England, and they were organised in tribal and family units. The hall was a place where people gathered. They gathered there to drink mead and celebrate military victories. The community gathered here to hear ancient epic tales told by scops. Aka bords, poets or story-tellers. In anglo-saxon poetry, the mead hall symbolised safety, fellowship .. The saxons came from very cold places, the mead hall literally means “ WARMTH”. • Another important concept were the “wergild”. It was an anglo- saxon custom that dictated that if a man killed another warrior, he, the murderer, should not be executed, but he had to pay ___ € to the family of this warrior”. Comitatus → everyone protects the king even if it means a warrior giving up his own life, In exchange the Kings must be very generous with his warriors. He gives them treasures, gold, etc. This idea goes hand in hand with interlacing → everything is connected, everything depends on everything else. Women were protected by men not fighting in battle. A lot of information, treasures etc were found in the burials. A whole ship was found buried with soldiers armours which probably belonged to a saxon-king. This ship name's is Sutton Hoo Helmet. It was found in Suffolk. It was easier to britons to adopt the saxon customs. They moved to the countryside. They were excellent farmers and developed important agricultural technologies. Latin was only spoken by upper classes, the rest kept the Celtic language.