¡Descarga Deviance and social control Crime and deviation • Deviation is the non-conf y más Apuntes en PDF de Sociología solo en Docsity! Deviance and social control Crime and deviation • Deviation is the non-conformity to a given set of norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in a community or a society. Societies are regulated by norms and values that guide individual and group activities, deviation is the violation of those norms and values together with the labelling of those actions. Deviants are different (?) to the rest of the citizens as they do not respect some or most of the established social norms. Deviation is a normal phenomenon, inherent to the human condition and to processes of social conflicts. • Deviation = crime? • Deviation: conscious, learnt, ‘imposed’. • But, why do people, in general, accept and respect rules? Ash and Milgram's experiment: conformity and obedience. (Electrical shocks and stuff) • What are the most relevant factors to define and establish deviation? Dominant and minority groups: norms and values. • Is deviation good or bad for the society? Is deviation intrinsic to every social group? • Biology and genetics of deviation. The relevance of deviation in other social phenomena: Objects and methods of sociology: Empathy and sociological imagination. Deviation and cultures (also periods). ▲ Diversity of deviation processes and social control in different cultures and different historical moments (i.e. alcohol, drugs, abortion, divorce, same sex marriage). ▲ Modernization of social control: rationality vs. Emotions. Deviation and socialization processes: growing diversity. Deviation and gender. Deviation and social structure: ▲ Is deviation a phenomenon that affects all the individuals of the society in the same manner? Deviation in different ethnic groups. ▲ Social exclusion and prejudices (distorted images culturally created and embedded in a society). ▲ The interpretation of deviation and crime: the underground values. ▲ The criminalization in a multicultural society Deviation and social change. Deviation and crime. Crime = deviation? Crimes and deviation in current western societies: ▲ Standard (and recorded) crimes. ▲ Organized crimes ▲ White-collar crimes ▲ Crimes without victims. The role of the State: intervention and crime. Theories about deviation and crime • Classic theory: crime is a rational and voluntary action. Punishment is normally fair. • Positivist theory: there are certain identifiable characteristics and a prototype of a criminal. A criminal behaviour is pre-determined biologically and psychologically. Modernization of the positivist theory (DNA). • Conflict theory: deviation is the reflection of social, economic and political inequalities. The definition of deviation and crime depends on the dominant groups. Functionalist theories Deviation is associated to the socialization process. Deviation depends on personal situations, the norms and social context: Only when the population defines a behaviour as deviated the action is sanctioned. The ability to develop rules and to break them is not equally distributed amongst the individuals. Deviation is essential to maintain the social equilibrium: 1. Consolidating norms and cultural values 2. Clarifying moral boundaries. 3. Promoting social cohesion. Strain theory: Merton
