El dedo meñique de frieda holler, Apuntes de Redacción de Autobiografías

¡Descarga El dedo meñique de frieda holler y más Apuntes en PDF de Redacción de Autobiografías solo en Docsity!   [@AYKZ_ADHD @HOAF@HC DKC OK@TZF DKC ^KZ[ IHO[CTHD DK A@BK@AKZÍH MKOÈ@AOH _Í@TK_A_7 K_K DKDF MKØAX[K Kstudah`tk7 H`t÷`kz Ohøhra, Guh` Mh`ukc Oètkdrh7 Átaoh y lhjacadhdks sfoahcks Ohtkdrètaof7 Mb. Trhvkzhøf Hcdh`h, Mabukc È`bkc Høf hohdámaof7 :>84-A Oaocf7 ^ramkrf Huch skooaÿ`7 ?>: ‟ –H” Tur`f7 Mhøh`h Luh`ohyf, :: dk Gucaf dkc :>84   Ohpítucf 87 Dk chs juk`hs mh`krhs h ch ktaqukth lhy mès dk u` phsf. Cfs juk`fs mfdhcks sab`aiaoh` of`sadkrhoaÿ`7 Chs pkrsf`hs hc qukrkr kxprkshr`fs, dkjkmfs tk`kr k` ouk`th cfs ca`khmak`tfs h skbuar, of` kc fjgktavf dk dkghr`fs k`tk`dkr of` ochradhd y sfjrk tfdf rkspkth`df kc ksphoaf y dkrkolfs dk cfs dkmès. Ch kduohoaÿ` sk jhsh k` kc rkspktf7  Hsí ofmf ks ampfrth`tk fjtk`kr u` juk` `avkc dk kduohoaÿ` a`tkckotuhc, cf ks dkc masmf mfdf fjtk`kr u`h átaoh, phrh shjkr oÿmf rkspf`dkr h chs pkrsf`hs dk `ukstrf k`tfr`f. Ofrtksíh ks lhchbf7 Ch ofrtksíh dkmukstrh rkspktf lhoah chs pkrsf`hs, ks u`f ifrmh dk dkmfstrhrcks quk sf` ampfrth`tks h `ukstrfs fgfs y h cfs suyfs. Zkbchs dk frf dkc pkrikotf ohjhcckrf7 ^hrh quk sk `fs pukdh ktaqukthr dk –ohjhcckrfs” u`f dkjk skbuar oakrtfs ca`khmak`tfs y hsumar hotatudks phrh quk h ch lfrh dk u`h oath of` u`h dhmh, pfdhmfs qukdhr jak` h`tk kcch y h`tk ch sfoakdhd. Cfs trhthmak`tfs7 t÷ ustkd7 Mk lh suokdadf, hc `f rkofrdhr kc `fmjrk dk u`h pkrsf`h quk mk hohjh` dk prksk`thr `f shjíh sa cchmhrcf pfr –t÷” f –ustkd” y pk`sá quk `f lhjríh daikrk`oah k` ofmf cf laoakrh. ^krf ch daikrk`oah ks hjasmhc yh quk kc rkspktf y ch of`iah`zh pramh` k` oukstaf`ks ofmf ksths. Ohpítucf :7 Kc shcudf7 jkshr f `f jkshr, tlht as tlk qukstaf`. Zkoukrdk cfs `fmjrks7 Ouh`df sk shcudh h u`h pkrsf`h sk lhok dk ifrmh ofmpckth –juk`fs díhs, thrdks f `folks” thc ouhc skh kc ohsf `f of` u` –juk`hs”. Hc of`fokr h pkrsf`hs `ukvhs, hskb÷rhtk dk rkofrdhr sus `fmjrks y rkpktarcfs k` ch of`vkrshoaÿ` dk ifrmh sutac, ks u`h juk`h ifrmh dk dkmfstrhr rkspktf. Jkshr f `f jkshr, tlht as h qukstaf`7  Hc shcudhr h u`h mugkr u`f dkjk skr prudk`tk, dkspuás dk tfdf ks kcch quak` cf dkoadk, sa kcch dh skøhcks dk quk dhrè kc ÿsoucf, u`f sk hskburh dk ofrrkspf`dkrch dk ch mh`krh mès oècadh. Dkspuás dk tfdf –ch mugkr prfpf`k y kc lfmjrk daspf`k”. Ch prksk`thoaÿ`7 rkbchs jèsaohs7 Mh`tk`kr u` pfsturh iarmk y hmabhjck ks u`h dk chs mkgfrks mh`krhs dk prksk`thrsk h pramkrh vasth, lhokrcf of` ofrtksíh, rkspktf y sabuak`df chs `frmhs sfoahcmk t̀k hokpthdhs ks pramfrdahc yh quk tfdf dkpk`dk dk ch pramkrh amprksaÿ`.   Ohpítucf 97 Kc hrtk dkc juk` vkstar. ¡_a` skr víotamhs dk ch mfdh! Jusquk ch prk`dh quk ck ohk jak`7 Kc fjgktavf hc kckbar u` prk`dh ks quk rkshctk cf quk sfmfs, y `f cf quk vamfs, phrh dhr`fs h of`fokr ofmf u`f masmf. ¶Kckbh`oah ks ohcadhd67 _í jak` ch kckbh`oah ks dasta`oaÿ`, cf quk u`f jusoh ks rkshcthr k`trk chs dkmès pkrsf`hs, y dhr u`h amhbk` muy jak` ouadhdh, pfr kccf tk`kr prk`dhs kckbh`tks ks hcbf amprksoa`dajck phrh hqukccfs quk quakrk` cchmhr ch htk`oaÿ`. Dkoècfbf dkc juk` vkstar7 Dkjkmfs tk`kr k` ouk`th cfs oratkrafs quk ksthjckok ch sfoakdhd h cf lfrh dk vkstar, `ukstrh kdhd, hcturh, of`tkxturh, ofcfr, kto. Tfdf kstf of` kc fjgktavf dk dhr u`h juk`h amhbk`. Ghmès amatk ch kckbh`oah7 Ch kckbh`oah ks kc hrtk dkc juk` vkstar, cckvhr chs prk`dhs hdkouhdhs k` cfs mfmk`tfs mès fpfrtu`fs, sa` kmjhrbf sí u`f cf lhok dk mh`krh of`skoutavh y pfof hskrtavh, ohkrè k` kc radíoucf y ch mf`kríh. Ohpítucf 27 Kc a`bk`afsf fiaoaf dk ch hmk`h of`vkrshoaÿ`. Kstacf a`tkbrhc7  Hc mk`oaf`hr ch phchjrh –kstacf” `fs lhokmfs adkh, rhudhmk t̀k, sfjrk ch vkstamk`th5 sa` kmjhrbf –kstacf” k`oakrrh u` of`gu`tf dk hotatudks, kmfoaf`ks, prksk`thoaÿ`, kto. Xuk ch pkrsf`h dh h of`fokr, ouh`df k`thjch u`h rkchoaÿ` sfoahc. Ampfrth`oah dk ch ofmu`aohoaÿ`7 Cfs skrks lumh`fs sfmfs sfoahcks pfr kxokck`oah, `fs rkchoaf`hmfs u`fs h ftrfs yh skh dk mh`krh frhc, ksorath, vasuhc, hudatavh, hudafvasuhc, vartuhc, kto. ^fr kccf shjkr cckvhr u`h of`vkrshoaÿ` dk mh`krh hmk`h ks ampfrth`tísamf. Ch TY7 [`h a`trush k` ch ohsh67  H quaá` `f cf lh` lkolf ohcchr, pfrquk ch ftrh pkrsf`h qukríh vkr u` prfbrhmh dk tkckvasaÿ`, sí jak` rkprksk`th u`h vk`th`h lhoah u` mu`df mhrhvacchs, dkc masmf mfdf hmk`hzh ch ofrrkoth sfoahcazhoaÿ` y dkshrrfccf dk ch orkhtavadhd. Hcbu`hs ihcths ampkrdf`hjcks7 Lhy oakrths hooaf`ks, dk chs ouhcks `fs dkjkmfs pravhr f rkpramar h ch lfrh dk k`of`trhr`fs k` u`h of`vkrshoaÿ`, pfrquk dh` mhch amhbk` y rkickgh` kc pfof a`tkrás lhoah cfs dkmès. _korktfs dkc juk` of`vkrshdfr7 ^hrh pfdks ksthjckokr u`h juk`h y hmk`h of`vkrshoaÿ` dkjkmfs skr u` th`tf fjgktavfs, `f dhr th`tf rfdkf phrh `f hc a`tkrcfoutfr. Dkjkmfs jusohr u` tkmh dk a`tkrás ofm÷`, f hc mk`fs hcbf quk cchmk su htk`oaÿ`.   Zkoukrdk7 Tfdfs pfdkmfs skr juk`hs of`vkrshdfrks, sÿcf lhok ihcth skbuar oakrtfs ca`khmak`tfs h ch lfrh dk cckvhr h ohjf kc hotf. ¶Oÿmf a`aoahr u`h of`vkrshoaÿ` ouh`df sk k`ouk`trh k` u` brupf kxtrhøf67 ^fr ch ihcth dk of`iah`zh f of`vavk`oah of` ksk brupf dk pkrsf`hs, `f lhjrès tkmh dk of`vkrshoaÿ`, pkrf `fsftrfs cf jusohrkmfs y k`of`trhrkmfs, kc tkmh skrè rkikrk`tk hc cubhr  f kvk`tf k` kc quk `fs k`of`trkmfs. ¶Xuá dkjk kvathrsk67 _k dkjk kvathr ohkr k` ch olasmfskhríh, rkdu`dh`oah y pfoh skrakdhd k` `ukstrh of`vkrshoaÿ`5 chs pkrsf`hs oucths daok` muolf k` u`h phchjrh quk cks pkrtk`kok. ¶Xuá lhokr sa fyk u`h casurh67 _k dkjk hotuhr of` `hturhcadhd y kvathr sutacmk`tk h ksh pkrsf`h, phrh quk hsí `f lhyh `a`b÷` dasbustf k`trk hmjfs. Irhsks oáckjrks quk mhth`7 Bk`krhcmk`tk ksths irhsks trhth` sfjrk dkprkoahoaÿ` f a`ohphoadhd lhoíh hcbf, ks rkofmk`dhjck kvathrchs phrh dhr u`h amhbk` dk skburadhd y of`iah`zh. Ohpítucf <7 Ktaqukth tkckiÿ`aoh. Kvatk dkghr u`h mhch amprksaÿ`7 Ch ktaqukth tkckiÿ`aoh ks th` ampfrth`tk ofmf ch ktaqukth sfoahc, yh quk ksthmfs k`thjch`df u`h of`vkrshoaÿ` of` ftrh pkrsf`h, pfr kccf phrh dkmfstrhr `ukstrh kduohoaÿ` dkjkmfs rkbar`fs pfr chs `frmhs quk kstè` ksthjckoadhs. _fjrk kc usf y mhc usf dkc okcuchr7 Oÿmf jak` dagamfs ks ampfrth`tk of`fokr, oÿmf dkjkmfs ofmpfrthr`fs hc mfmk`tf dk ushr kstk hphrhtf, dkjkmfs of`fokr dÿ`dk, ouè`df y oÿmf sk dkjk ushr phrh ohushr u`h juk`h amprksaÿ`. Mkgfrk kc sf`adf dk su vfz7 Ch vfz ks muy ampfrth`tk y mès h÷` ouh`df sk lhjch pfr tkcáif`f okcuchr, yh quk ksth ks `ukstrh ÷`aoh ohrth dk prksk`thoaÿ`, hskb÷rksk dk ushr kc tf`f ofrrkotf y lhjchr icuadh y `hturhcmk`tk. Ohpítucf 17 Oÿmf ofmpfrthrsk k` satuhoaf`ks kspkoahcks. Oÿmf tfmhr ch a`aoahtavh dk a`vathr h u` lfmjrk7 _upf`bf quk dkjkmfs of`fokr ksths rkofmk`dhoaf`ks phrh shjkr sa u`h olaoh cf kstè lhoak`df dk mh`krh ofrrkoth f `f. @f6   Ofmpfrthmak`tf hdkouhdf k` kc tkhtrf f oa`k7 K` kvk`tfs ofmf kstfs, dkjkmfs tk`kr k` of`sadkrhoaÿ` quk ksthmfs hc masmf `avkc quk tfdfs, y quk ohdh u`f mkrkok su, vasth, hudaf y ksphoaf pkrsf`hc. ¶Q k` ch ohcck67 _k ohma`h, pkrf of` rkspktf y hmhjacadhd. Okdak`df kc phsf h chs pkrsf`hs dk mhyfr   gkrhrquíh y kdhd, phrh quk hsí pukdh` ohma`hr cajrkmk`tk, mak`trhs `fsftrfs `fs ch phshmfs ksquavh`df h tfdfs. Dk vasath7 ¶Xuá lhokr y quá `f lhokr67  Hc vasathr sfcf h u` ihmacahr f h u`h pkrsf`h muy okroh`h cf lhokmfs of` tfdh skburadhd y of ìah`zh, pkrf quk phsh ouh`df cf lhokmfs hofmphøhdf y h u`h vavak`dh dk pfoh of`iah`zh phrh `fsftrfs6 Dkjkmfs cuoar thc ouhc sfmfs y hotuhr skb÷` cfs ca`khmak`tfs ksthjckoadfs. Chs dkcaohdhs rkchoaf`ks of` cfs tkmadfs sukbrfs7 _í jak` `f kxastk u`h buíh phrh cckvhr dk ch mkgfr mh`krh kshs rkchoaf`ks, hc mk`fs sk dkjk tk`kr muolh of`sadkrhoaÿ` of` kccfs y dkmfstrhrcks muolf rkspktf y of`iah`zh. Thmjaá` of` kc skrvaoaf dfmástaof7 Chs pkrsf`hs dk campakzh f skrvadumjrk, sk ck dkjk trhthr of` kc dkjadf rkspktf quk sk mkrkok`, tfdfs sfmfs pkrsf`hs y tfdfs mkrkokmfs quk sk `fs trhtk h ksh hcturh. Ohpítucf 8>7 Ktaqukth ch phsf7 K` kc hutf, supkrmkrohdf, tak`dh y k` ch ksohckrh mkoè`aoh. ^rudk`oah ofrtksíh y hmhjacadhd7 Ofmf pkhtÿ` u`f shjk dhr chs brhoahs, pkdar dasoucphs, firkokr su hyudh, pkrf ouh`df sk pf`k dktrès dkc vfch`tk sk vukcvf k` u`h pkrsf`h vucbhr y pfof kduohdh, quk orkk skr  supkrafr h chs pkrsf`hs quk h`dh` h pak, cfs trks vhcfrks skøhchdfs sk dkjk` prhotaohr k` tfdf cubhr y k` tfdf mfmk`tf. _u ofmpfrthmak`tf k` u` thxa7 Dkjkmfs k`tk`dkr quk kc of`duotfr ks u`h pkrsf`h mès of` ch ouhc sk pukdk of`vkrshr dk mh`krh hmk`h, pkrf tk`bh ouadhdf of` cf quk dabh yh quk `f shjk ouèc ks ch oucturh quk kc mh`kgh. _u of`duoth k` u` supkrmkrohdf7 K` kc supkrmkrohdf sk dkjk lhokr rkspkthr y rkspkthr kc ksphoaf y takmpf pkrsf`hc dk ohdh pkrsf`h, phrh quk hsí ustkd tk`bh u`h ofmprh hbrhdhjck y shtasihbh cf quk iuk h jusohr. ¶Xuá lhokr k` u`h tak`dh67 Ofmprhr, `f ks fjvaf. Ochrf quk dk mh`krh rkspktufsh, sa sk tak`k quk kspkrhr sk lhrè of` tfthc phoak`oah y `f sk vfoaikrh cf quk sk dkskh of` tf`f ampf`k`tk y mfckstf phrh cchmhr ch htk`oaÿ`.   Chs thrkhs dk ch a`vathoaÿ`7 K`vaá a`vathoaf`ks prkikrk t̀kmk`tk amprkshs, ohush` juk`h amprksaÿ`. Kspkoaiaquk kc mftavf cubhr y lfrh, dk mh`krh quk `f pukdh lhjkr `a`bu`h of`iusaÿ`, yh quk hsí sÿcf ustkd qukdhrè k` radíoucf. Z._.Y.^7 –Zkpf`dkz s‑ac vfus pchat ” quk quakrk dkoar7 rkspf`dkr, pfr ihvfr. Hskb÷rksk dk quk ksths sabchs sk k`ouk`trk` prksk`tk k` tfdhs chs a`vathoaf`ks, yh quk hsí pfdrè h`taoaphr quak`ks hsastarè` h su rku`aÿ`. Kc ck`buhgk dk chs icfrks7 K`oèrbuksk dk ofcfohr icfrks k` davkrsfs cubhrks dkc hmjak`tk, ksths, ofmf jak` shjkmfs, rkickgh` sk`tamak`tfs y kmfoaf`ks5 dkjk ksofbkr icfrks quk sk hgustk` h ch fohsaÿ`, mkgfr  daolf quk ofa`oadh` of` cf quk sk quakrh okckjrhr. Jak` dksoh`shdh, hrrkbch y of` ch mkgfr sf`rash7 Ks hsí ofmf sk dkjk rkoajar h cfs a`vathdfs, ch h`iatraf`h dkjk vkstar, kckbh`tk, dasta`buadh y sk`oacch h ch vkz, phrh dkmfstrhr su lf`kstadhd y lumacdhd h sus a`vathdfs. ¶Q chs brhoahs67 @f fcvadk hbrhdkokr h cfs a`vathdfs pfr hsastar, dk kccfs dkpk`dk quk ch rku`aÿ` sk dkshrrfcck dk ch mkgfr mh`krh. Q jak` kccfs dkjk` hbrhdkokr pfr ch a`vathoaÿ` dk `f skr hsí, sÿcf lhbh ch vasth bfrdh y of`ta`÷k of` ch davkrsaÿ`. Ohpítucf 847 Juk`fs mfdhcks y kstacfs k` chs a`vathoaf`ks. Ch ok`h daspuksth7 Kc mfmk`tf dk ch ok`h skrè h`u`oahdf pfr ch h`iatraf`h, kcch sk k`ohrbh dk of`duoar h cfs a`vathdfs hc cubhr df`dk sk dkbusthrè dk cfs hcamk`tfs, k` ksk mfmk`tf sk rkhcazh u` jra`das y sk dh cfs rkspkotavfs hbrhdkoamak`tfs h cfs hsastk`tks, y sa hcbuak` tak`k hcbf quk dkoar, sk ck okdkrè kc ksphoaf pkrta`k`tk. ¶[` juk` va`f67 @f lhy `hdh mkgfr quk u` juk` va`f phrh rkhcazhr kc jra`das, ks skøhc dk quk ch rku`aÿ` ks ifrmhc y quk sk tfmh k` skraf h tfdfs cfs hsastk`tks. ¡Cf quk @F dkjk lhokrsk k` u`h mksh!7 _a jak` sfmfs cajrks dk lhokr cf quk sk `fs pchzoh, kxastk` oakrtfs címatks cf ouècks dkjkmfs oumpcar phrh kvathr pfsajcks dasbustfs. Cfs h`iatraf`ks thmjaá` sabuk` ca`khmak`tfs phrh quk ch rku`aÿ` sk dksk`vukcvh dk ch mkgfr mh`krh y hsí ohushr u`h juk`h amprksaÿ` h cfs a`vathdfs.   Cfs juk`fs mfdhcks dk u` kgkoutavf k` ch mksh7 Oÿmf kgkoutavf, ch pkrsf`h ks of`soak t̀k dk quk kstè prkphrhdh y lh rkoajadf hdakstrhmak`tf k` dasta`tfs èmjatfs, dk kstf `f sk ksohph ch ktaqukth, pfr th`tf u` kgkoutavf sakmprk sk ofmpfrth h ch hcturh quk ch satuhoaÿ` hmkratk. Dkc pra`oapaf hc ia` dk u`h ok`h ifrmhc7 Cfs phsfs h skbuar k` chs daikrk`tks dkbusthoaf`ks quk sk dhrè` k` ch rku`aÿ` ks hcbf quk sÿcf ch h`iatraf`h dkjk mh`kghr, kcch sk k`ohrbhrè dk mh`kghr ch rku`aÿ` dk houkrdf h ch prfbrhmhoaÿ` prkvahmk`tk ksthjckoadh. Kc a`aoaf dk ch ofmadh7 Ouh`df yh tfdfs kstá` ujaohdfs, ch h`iatraf`h sk k`ohrbhrè dk dhr u`hs phchjrhs y dk rkhcazhr kc jra`das, phrh hsí dh phsf h ch dkbusthoaÿ` dk hcamk`tfs. Kc ia`hc dk ch ofmadh7 Ks hquí ouh`df ch h`iatraf`h sk ckvh`th k` kc mfmk`tf prfpaoaf phrh dhr phsk h hcbu`h ftrh hotavadhd quk tk`bh prfbrhmhdh. ¶Kxastk ch mhcdaoaÿ` dkc `÷mkrf trkok k` ch mksh67 ^hrh kvathr chs pfsajcks supkrstaoaf`ks of` chs quk vavk` chs pkrsf`hs, kvatk sk`thr ksk `÷mkrf k` u`h mksh. Ác oÿotkc f rkokpoaÿ`7 _k daikrk`oah` pfr ch kchjfrhoaÿ`, kc oÿotkc ks hcbf mès sk`oaccf ch rkokpoaÿ` ks mès kchjfrhdf, kc ouhc of`sastk k` ifrmhr u`h –rkokava`b ca`k” . ^hrh kccf sk dksab`h h u` brupf dk pkrsf`hs f masmfs h`iatraf`ks h ujaohr h cfs a`vathdfs. Dk ch ofmadh, ch jkjadh y kc oabhrraccf7 Chs ofmadhs dkjk` skr tapf mkrak`dhs, hcbf sk`oacchs dk ofmkr, dk mfdf quk sk pukdh` a`bkrar k` chs dasta`ths pfsaoaf`ks quk hsumh` cfs a`vathdfs. Chs jkjadhs sk rkphrtarè` pkraÿdaohmk t̀k f sk ksthjckokrè` cubhrks df`dk sk ujaquk`. Cfs oabhrraccfs dkjk` of`sumarsk k` cubhrks hjakrtfs, phrh kvathr a`ofmfdhr h cfs `f iumhdfrks. Kc mfvamak`tf dk cfs a`vathdfs7 ^hrh kvathr of`brkbhr h tfdfs cfs a`vathdfs k` u` ÷ àof shcÿ`, mak t̀rhs cfs dkmès pkrmh`kok` vhoífs, sk dkjk dk ofcfohr jh`dkghs dk ofmadh y jkjadhs k` ohdh shcÿ`, phrh quk hsí sk daspkrsk`, cfbrh`df hsí kxpcfthr hc mèxamf kc ksphoaf. Cfs jh`quktks, ¶oÿmf dkia`arcfs67 Ks u`h ok`h, of` hcbf kxtrh. Xuá lhok rkikrk`oah quk `f lhyh th`th irahcdhd hc mfmk`tf dk dkbusthr cfs hcamk`tfs, tfdfs sk dh` ch ohrh y sk dh a`aoaf h u`h ofmu`aohoaÿ` mkdah`tk bkstfs ̀ f ifrzhdfs.   Kc juiikt7 Ksh u`h dk chs ofmadhs quk hbcfmkrh` h mès a`vathdfs, ochrf quk ch kchjfrhoaÿ` ks mès ofmpckgh pkrf vhck ch pk`h, yh quk pfr hcbu`h rhzÿ` chs pkrsf`hs sukck` dksk`vfcvkrsk mkgfr k` hmjak`tks mès of`ourradfs.