Modals in English: A Study from Galway Univ. Hospital's Paediatrics, Exámenes de Inglés

¡Descarga Modals in English: A Study from Galway Univ. Hospital's Paediatrics y más Exámenes en PDF de Inglés solo en Docsity! Exercises - sessions 8 & 9 - Self-care, Health Exercise #1 - Modals of Ability Put in 'can' / 'can't' / 'could' / 'couldn't'. If none is possible, use 'be able to' in the correct tense. 1. _________________ you swim when you were 10? 2. We _________________ get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was delayed by one hour. 3. He _________________ arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he was very pleased. 4. He's amazing. He _________________ speak 5 languages including Chinese. 5. I _________________ drive a car until I was 34, then I moved to the countryside so I had to learn. 6. I looked everywhere for my glasses but I _________________ find them anywhere. 7. I searched for your house for ages. Luckily, I _________________ find it in the end. 8. She's 7 years old but she _________________ read yet – her parents are getting her extra lessons. 9. I read the book three times but I _________________ understand it. 10. James _________________ speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he's forgotten most of it now. 11. I _________________ understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so difficult. 12. I _________________ lift this box – it's too heavy! Would you help me? 13. Lucy _________________ make it to our meeting after all. She's stuck in traffic at the moment. 14. John _________________ play tennis really well. He's the champion of his club. 15. Unfortunately, I really _________________ sing at all! No-one in my family is musical either. 16. When the car broke down, I was really pleased because I _________________ solve the problem. 17. Julian _________________ play excellent golf when he was only ten. 18. My grandmother _________________ use a computer until last month. Since then, she's been taking lessons at the library. 19. I _________________ open this window. I think it's stuck! 20. Gill _________________ play the piano. She's never studied it. Exercise #2 - Modals of Obligation Put in ‘mustn’t’ or ‘don’t / doesn’t have to’: 1. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You _______________ be late. 2. You _______________ tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret. 3. The museum is free. You _______________ pay to get in. 4. Children _______________ tell lies. It’s very naughty. 5. John’s a millionaire. He _______________ go to work. 6. I _______________ do my washing, because my mother does it for me. 7. We _______________ rush. We’ve got plenty of time. 8. You _______________ smoke inside the school. 9. You can borrow my new dress but you _______________ get it dirty. 10. We _______________ miss the train, it’s the last one tonight. 11. She _______________ do this work today, because she can do it tomorrow. 12. I _______________ clean the floor today because I cleaned it yesterday. 13. We _______________ forget to lock all the doors before we leave. 14. We _______________ stay in a hotel in London, we can stay with my brother. 15. I _______________ spend too much money today. I’ve only got a little left. 16. They _______________ get up early today, because it’s Sunday. 17. I _______________ eat too much cake, or I’ll get fat! 18. We _______________ be late for the exam. 19. You _______________ tidy up now. I’ll do it later. 20. He _______________ cook tonight because he’s going to a restaurant. Exercise #3 - Modals of Probability (1) Put in 'must + infinitive' or 'must + have + past participle'. 1. Keiko always does really well on exams. She _____________ (study) a lot. 2. That woman drives a very expensive car. She _____________ (have) a lot of money. 3. You _____________ (practise) a lot before you gave your speech. It was great. 4. When Lizzie got home yesterday, there were flowers on the table. Her husband _____________ (buy) them. 5. Where is my purse? I saw it earlier, so it _____________ (be) in this room. 6. Sarah couldn't find her glasses. She thought she _____________ (leave) them at her office. 7. It _____________ (be) cold outside. That man in the street is wearing a coat. 8. All my plants _____________ (be) dead! I forgot to water them before I left for my holiday. 9. Susie is so late! She _____________ (miss) the train. 10. There's rubbish all over my garden! A fox _____________ (be) in the bin. 11. Anna has a huge library in her house. She _____________ (love) books. 12. Oh no, I don't have my keys! I _____________ (leave) them in the taxi. 13. When Lucy got home, she found the ice cream had melted. It _____________ (be) too hot in the car. 14. If you haven't eaten all day, you _____________ (be) hungry. 15. Jimmy and Louisa _____________ (be) very tired. They have a new baby. 16. It _____________ (rain) a lot in the night. There are puddles everywhere. 17. David _____________ (be) happy. His girlfriend just agreed to marry him. 18. What an amazing kitchen you've got! You _____________ (like) cooking. 19. John _____________ (eat) all the biscuits! There are none left. 20. When I got up this morning, the kitchen was spotless. Lily _____________ (tidy) it before she went to bed last night. Exercise #4 - Modals of Probability (2) 23. They ___________________________________ (be) kinder to me. They were absolutely lovely. (past negative possibility) 24. You ___________________________________ (buy) some milk at the shops. We don't have any milk. (past advice / regret) 25. They ___________________________________ (come) to have breakfast with us, but they went to bed too late the night before. (past willingness) Exercise #6 - More modals Rewrite the sentences using modal verbs in place of the words in italics. 1 I bet that was painful. ___________________________________________________ 2 It was a bad thing that he didn’t stop smoking earlier. ___________________________________________________ 3 It’s not possible for it to be hard to do. ___________________________________________________ 4 Given their resources, it was impossible for them to do any more to help. ___________________________________________________ 5 It’s not possible that it was cheap. ___________________________________________________ 6 It wasn’t the right thing that he was taking those pills. ___________________________________________________ 7 It’s possible that you’ll need three or four operations. ___________________________________________________ 8 There’s no other explanation other than he was lying! ___________________________________________________ 9 It's possible that she picked up the cold from my son. ___________________________________________________ 10 Don’t worry. If she responds as people normally do it’s probable that she’ll make a complete recovery after the operation. ___________________________________________________ Exercise #7 - Future Forms (1) Complete with the correct future form: will, going to, present continuous, future continuous, future perfect. 1. When I get home tonight _______________ . A. I will watch TV B. I'm watching TV C. I'm going to watch TV 2. Tomorrow morning _______________ . A. I'm going to meet a client B. I'm meeting a client C. I will meet a client 3. When we go to Paris _______________ . A. I will climb the Eiffel Tower B. I'm climbing the Eiffel Tower C. I'm going to climb the Eiffel Tower 4. What _____________________ at the weekend? A. will you do B. are you going to do C. are you doing 5. I haven't got any plans for the weekend. A. I'll probably stay at home. B. I'm going to stay at home. C. I will stay at home. 6. Do you think _______________ ? A. you are you going to retire before you're sixty B. you will retire before you're sixty C. you are retiring before you're sixty 7. If you keep running around on this slippery floor _______________ . A. you will fall over B. you're going to fall over C. you're falling over 8. Have you seen the weather forecast? A. It is hot again. B. It'll be hot again. C. It's going to be hot again. 9. 'There's someone at the door.' A. 'OK. I'm getting it.' B. 'OK. I'll get it.' C. 'OK. I'm going to get it.' 10. 'Bye! Have a safe flight'. A. 'Thanks. I'll give you a call as soon as I get there.' B. 'Thanks. I’m giving you a call as soon as I get there.' C. 'Thanks. I'm going to give you a call as soon as I get there.' 11. By the time I retire _______________ . A. I'll have worked here for twenty years B. I'll be working here for twenty years C. I'm working here for twenty years 12. You can pick up your car on Friday. A. We'll fix it then. B. We'll be fixing it then. C. We'll have fixed it by then. 13. Give me a ring at five. A. The meeting will finish then. B. The meeting will have finished by then. C. The meeting will be finishing then. 14. Don't ask me for the results tomorrow. A. I'll still be doing the research. B. I will have done the research. C. I will do the research. 15. This time next week _______________ . A. I will sit on the beach in Thailand B. I will be sitting on the beach in Thailand C. I will have sat on the beach in Thailand 12. Just think.This time next week we __________________ on the beach in Phuket. A. are going to lie B. will be lying C. will lie 13. I'm starving! I'm not doing anything until I _______________ something to eat. A. will have B. have had C. am going to have 14. Your wallet __________________ stolen if you put it in your back pocket. There are pickpockets everywhere around here. A. is going to get B. is getting C. will be getting 15. 'I'm afraid he's in a meeting. Could you call back in half an hour. They ____________ by then.' A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing 16. The film ___________ at eight, so I'll meet you at the cinema at 7.45. A. will start B. starts C. is starting 17. The children will need a good meal when they get home. They ________________ all day and they'll be starving. A. will hike B. will be hiking C. will have been hiking 18. 'Where are you going for your summer holidays?' 'We haven't decided yet. We ________________ Greece.' A. are probably going to B. will probably go to C. probably go to 19. 'Hi Tom. It's Jo.' 'Hi Jo. Can I call you back later? I __________ out. I'm late for work.' A. am about to go B. will be going C. will go 20. When I____________ to London, I'll give you a call. A. will get B. get C. am getting Exercise #9 - Health Vocabulary Choose the correct word/phrase to complete the sentence. 1. The children have both had diagnosis/antibiotics/diarrhoea. It must be something they ate or a stomach bug. 2. He sprained/stained/strained his ankle playing tennis so he'll have to take it easy for a few days. 3. I can't stop scratching my feet - they're so sore/itchy/pain. 4. You may need to have some antibiotics/vaccinations/crutches before visiting some countries. 5. Look at my poor toe! It's so swollen/hurt/broken I can't even put my shoe on. 6. I'm allergic to prawns. If I eat them, I get a red rash/itch/scratch on my neck. 7. She's got a high body heat/feverish/temperature and a headache. 8. My brother suffers from migraines/insomnia/asthma. He uses an inhaler when he can't breathe well. 9. I can't feel my arm. It's gone numb/faint/painless. 10. I've got a runny/itchy/swollen nose. I think I've got a cold. 11. He's had a wet/shooting/sore cough for the past few days. 12. I've had migraines/fevers/blotches since I was a child. I get these awful headaches and feel nauseous. 13. 'Take two of these tablets every day for a week. That should solve it out/sort it out/cure it out. If not, come and see me again.' 14. I feel really delirious/nauseous/nebulous. I think I'm going to throw up. 15. I think I've eaten something. I've had stomach reactions/cramps/attacks all night. 16. I felt really dizzy. I thought I was going to pass out/fall out/drop out so I had to sit down. 17. I feel so tiring/exhausting/lethargic. I don't have the energy to do anything. 18. I've had a spitting/splitting/stripping headache all day. It's so painful. 19. 'I've come to visit my father. He's just had an operation. He's in section/ward/department 6B. ' - 'Take the stairs and turn left.' 20. He gets restless/breathless/dizziness every time he has to climb the stairs. I think it’s a sign he should lose some weight. 21. The doctor gave me a/an order/prescription/recipe for antibiotics. 22. I'm always so stressed. I just can't seem to release the pressure/unstress/unwind. 23. Children have a lot of prescriptions/inspections/check-ups in their early years. TEXT 3: Reassuring children on autism spectrum when hospital looms Today’s data-saturated output of evidence-based medical science invites the inference that the “art of medicine” is in temporary abeyance. So, it is refreshing that central to a recent Irish ground-breaking medical innovation undertaken at Galway University Hospital’s Department of Paediatrics is ...a story. Few of us look forward to hospital visits, and the prospect of giving a blood sample (phlebotomy) can fuel one’s apprehension. - 0 - the problem can be magnified. ASDs are a group of life-long neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by impaired social interaction and communication; a recent Department of Health report estimated the prevalence of ASDs in Ireland at 1-1.5 per cent. Paediatric specialist registrars Drs Claire Connellan and Lisa Dann – along with consultant Dr Orla Flanagan – note in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood: “Children can find hospitals and procedures stressful. This is particularly true for children with intellectual disabilities or ASD. - 1 - due to medications and screening tests for associated diseases.” Dr Connellan explained to The Irish Times the background to their study: “We found that we were unsuccessful with drawing blood in a certain cohort of children who were becoming very distressed, so we began using medications such as midazolam for light sedation.” - 2 - , but Dr Connellan’s team found that “the more we used it, the more it made us reflect on using other strategies. Anyone working with children with ASD will know that visual schedules and stories work well to lessen stress and we know that the unknown or unplanned is particularly distressing.” - 3 - . At its core is the concept of social stories, first developed in 1990 by a United States teacher Carol Gray, who describes social stories as social learning tools that support the safe and meaningful exchange of information between parents, professionals, and people of all ages with ASD. - 4 - about using social stories to help address the challenge of phlebotomy. “The story,” explains Connellan, “is in short, simple phrases that follow a logical sequence and is simple enough that those with mild learning difficulties can also understand it. It brings the child step by step through the process with visual aids.” Connellan’s team selected 10 children with ASD who had previously been distressed or needed sedation prior to blood being taken. - 5 - . “For example,” says Connellan, “showing the main entrance door, the waiting room, the consultation room and pictures of the nurse and doctor. This is accompanied with short explanations like: ‘we will sit in the waiting room until it’s time for our appointment’ or ‘when it’s our turn we go to the exam room’.” - 6 -, – assembled by community nurse Phil Noone – and parents and children practiced with both before returning one or two weeks later. “We felt,” Connellan points out, “this was important as it gives an element of control back to both parent and child”. The experiment was successful, with nine out of 10 patients providing a blood sample without needing sedation. Parental comments included “a fantastic improvement” and “without a doubt we would use it again”. The study authors’ report states in relation to social stories: “- 7 - , with no published reports on their use in phlebotomy. We have used it on a limited number of patients but with remarkable success.” Deputy executive director of the Irish Society for Autism Tara Matthews said: “The Irish Society for Autism have found that social stories can be an invaluable tool to some people with autism and familiarisation with situations can dramatically reduce levels of anxiety. It is very encouraging to hear that this work is taking place and hope that many other areas will adopt this approach for children and adults with autism who may benefit.” Is future research planned? “At the moment,” replies Connellan, “- 8 - , but this is at an early stage.” She adds: “We realise that this approach is all about planning, practice and familiarising the child with what is going to happen and all of that takes time, both at home and in the clinic. - 9 - , such as visiting the emergency department. But although it was only a small number of patients, it made such a difference to those children and parents that it’s worthwhile taking the time, if possible” In Jerome Groopman’s book How Doctors Think (2007) he cites Dr Myron Falchuk, who observed that specialised technology “...has taken us away from the patient’s story... - 10 - , you no longer are truly a doctor.” Source: The Irish Times https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/reassuring-children-on-autism-spectrum- when-hospital-looms-1.4023926