Executive Functions Executive Functions Deficits (brain damage and adictions, Apuntes de Emoción en Psicología

¡Descarga Executive Functions Executive Functions Deficits (brain damage and adictions y más Apuntes en PDF de Emoción en Psicología solo en Docsity! 1 PSYCHOLOGY OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS Berenice Valdés Conroy, PhD DEFINITION Faculty of Psychology 2016/2017 Types of attention – Selective processes – Mantaining processes – Distribution of resources – Executive Functions How do we measure attention? Physiological and motor NS responses Cognitive tasks Subjective experience Attracting attention Stimuli properties, Arousal, Interest, expectations… Definition Attention is… • “Everybody knows what attention is. • Is the taking possession of mind in clear and vivid form…it implies withrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others” • “focalisation of consciousness”….”the increased clearness of a particular idea” • William James (1890) • “Attention has been used to refer to all those aspects of human cognition that the subject can control” • Shiffrin (1988) • “The first basic phenomenon is limited capacity for processing information. At any given time only a small amount of information available on the retina can be processed and used” • Desimone & Duncan (1995) • limited capacity for processing information. Attention is… 2 Types of attention 1. Attention as selective processes 2. Attention as mantaining processes 3. Attention as distribution of resources 4. Executive Functions Selective processes SPACE Selective processes OBJECT 5 Automatic vs Controlled Automatic= unattended Attended= Conscious?? Attention = Consciousness??? Lack of Control = Slip of Actions Control (Inhibitory control, suprevsion of actions) Executive Functions Mental Felixibility, decision making… Executive Functions Executive Functions Deficits (brain damage and adictions) Improvement (meditation, helthy lifestyle) 6 How do we measure attention? •Physiological and motor NS responses •Performance in cognitive tasks •Subjective experience Physiological responses: EEG 256 How do we measure attention? P100, P300, N1, CNV How do we measure attention? Galvanic response, electrodermal response (EDR) Arousal, Orienting, habituation Heart rate Arousal, habituation, effort. 7 How do we measure attention? Electromiographic response EMG Arousal and effort. Dilation of the pupil Orienting, novelty, effort How do we measure attention? Motor responses and body posture: Orienting, exploring Eye movements Saccadic eye movements Fast, to centre fovea over relevant stimulus Pursuit movements: Slow, mantaining Cognitive tasks • Reaction time. • Detection tasks • Discrimination tasks • Memory tasks • Visual search tasks • Interference tasks Subjective experience