Análisis de Casos de Éxito en el Desarrollo de Software, Traducciones de Inglés

¡Descarga Análisis de Casos de Éxito en el Desarrollo de Software y más Traducciones en PDF de Inglés solo en Docsity! List of Greek and Latin roots in English 1 List of Greek and Latin roots in English The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in English. Some of those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead in Wikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes. • A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples ab-, a-, abs- away from Latin ab "away" abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstract, aversion ac- sharp or pointed Latin acere acupuncture acerb- sharp, bitter, sour Latin acerbus acerbic, exacerbate acid- sour or acid Latin acidus acidosis acr- height, summit, tip Greek ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme" acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia acr- bitter, pungent, sharp, sour Latin acer, acris acrid, acrimony acu- sharp Latin acutus, past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" acupuncture, acute, acutifoliate ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- movement to or toward; in addition to Latin ad "to", "toward" accept, adapt, affect, approximate, ascend adip- fat Latin adeps, adipis "fat" adipose aer- air, atmosphere Greek ἀήρ (aēr) "air" aeronautics, aerosol aesthet- feeling, sensation Greek aisthētikos "of sense perception" from αἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthanesthai) "to perceive" aesthetics, anaesthetic agr- field Greek ἀγρός (agros) "field" agronomy agri-, -egri- field Latin ager, agris "field, country" agriculture, peregrine alb- dull white Latin albus albedo, albino, albumen am-, amat-, amor- love, loved Latin amor "love" from amāre "to love" amateur, amorous ambi- both, on both sides Latin ambi "on both sides" ambidexterity, ambivalent amic-, -imic- friend Latin amicus amicable, inimical amph-, amphi- around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds Greek ἀμφί (amphi) "on both sides" amphibian, amphibolic, amphoterism ampl- ample, abundant, bountiful Latin amplus amplification an-, a- not, without Greek Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not" anhydrous, atypical ana-, an- again, against, back, up Greek ἀνά (ana) "again", "against" anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anion, anode andr- male, masculine Greek ἀνδρός andros androgen, android List of Greek and Latin roots in English 2 anem- wind Greek ἄνεμος anemos anemometer anim- breath Latin anima "breath" animal, animation ann-, -enn- year, yearly Latin annus "year" anniversary, annual, biannual, millennium ant-, anti- against, opposed to, preventive Greek ἀντί anti "against" antagonist, antibiotic, antipodes ante-, anti- before, in front of, prior to Latin ante "before", "against" antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian anth- flower Greek ἄνθος (anthos) "flower" anther, anthology anthrop- human Greek ἄνθρωπος (anthropos) "man" anthropology, anthropomorphic ap-, apo- away from, separate, at the farthest point Greek ἀπό (apo) "from, away, un-, quite" apocrine, apogee, apostasy aqu- water Latin aqua aquamarine, aquarium, aqueduct, aquifer ar- plow, till Latin ărāre arable ar- be dry Latin ārēre "be dry or parched" arid arche-, archi- ruler Greek ἀρχή (archē) "rule" (in compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-) archangel, archetype archae-, arche- ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος arkhaios "ancient" from arkhē "beginning" archaeology or archeology, archaic arct- Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g. Ursus arctos horribilis Greek ἄρκτος arktos "bear" Arctic Ocean argent- silver Latin argentum argent, Argentina arist- excellence Greek ἀρετή, ἄριστος aretē, aristos aristocracy arthr- joint Greek ἄρθρον (arthron) arthritis, arthropod astr- star, star-shaped Greek ἄστρον (astron) "star" asterisk, astrology, astronomy, disaster athl- prize Greek ἄθλος (athlos) "contest, feat" athlete, pentathlon audi- hearing, listening, sound Latin audire "to hear" audible, auditorium, auditory aug-, auct- grow, increase Latin augēre, auctus "to increase" augend, augmentation aur- relating to gold, or gold-colored Latin aurum "gold" aureate, aureole auri- relating to the ear Latin auris "ear" auricle aut-, auto- self; directed from within Greek αὐτός (autos) "self", "same" autograph, automobile, autonomy avi- bird Latin avis aviary, aviation axi- axis Latin axis axisymmetry axio- merit Greek ἄξιος (axios) "worth" axiology List of Greek and Latin roots in English 5 celer- quick Latin celer, celerare acceleration, celerity cen- new Greek καινός (kainos) Cenozoic cen- empty Greek κενός (kenos) cenotaph cens- Latin censere "to estimate" census cent- hundred Latin centum cent, centennial, centurion centen- hundred each Latin centeni centenary centesim- hundredth Latin centesimus centesimal, centesimation centr- center Greek κέντρον (kéntron) "needle", "spur" eccentric cephal- head Greek κεφαλή (kephale) cephalic, cephalopod, encephalogram ceram- clay Greek κέραμος (keramos) ceramic cerat- horn Greek κέρας, κέρατος (keras, keratos) "horn" keratin cern- sift Latin cernere discern, secern cervic- relating to the neck, relating to the cervix Latin cervix, cervicis "neck" cervix, cervical ceter- other Latin ceterus et cetera chir- of the hand or hands Greek χείρ (kheir) "hand" chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera chelon- relating to a turtle Greek χελώνη (khelōne) "tortoise" chelonia chlor- green Greek χλωρός (khlōros) "green" chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast chore- relating to dance Greek χορεία khoreia "dancing in unison" from χορός khoros "chorus" choreography chord- cord Latin and Greek chorda "rope" from χορδή (chordē) chordata chrom- color Greek χρῶμα (chrōma) "color" chromium, chromosome, monochrome chron- time Greek χρόνος (chronos) chronic, chronology, chronometer chrys- gold Greek χρυσός (khrusos) "gold" chrysolite cili- eyelash Latin cilium cilia, supercilious cine- motion Greek κινέω (kineō) cinema ciner- ash Latin cinis, cineris incineration cing-, cinct- gird Latin cingere, cinctus succinct circ- circle Latin circus circus circum- around Latin circum circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate cirr- orange Greek κιρρός (kirros) cirrhosis cirr- curl, tentacle Latin cirrus cirrus civ- citizen Latin civis civility clad- branch Greek κλάδος (klados) clade clar- clear Latin clarus, clarare clarity, declaration clast- broken Greek κλαστός (klastos) iconoclast, osteoclast claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- close Latin claudere, clausus clause, exclusion, include List of Greek and Latin roots in English 6 clav- key Greek from Greek κλείς kleis "key" from κλείειν, (kleiein) "to close" clavichord, clavicle, conclave cl(e)ist- closed Greek κλειστός (kleistos) cleithr- bar, key Greek cleithrum clement- mild Latin clemens, clementis clemency, inclement clin- bed, lean, recline Latin -clinare declination, inclined cochl- shell Greek κόχλος (kochlos) cochlea coel- hollow Greek κοῖλος (koilos) blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel cogn- know Latin cognoscere cognitive, cognizant, recognize col- strain Latin colare, colum colander coll- hill Latin collis coll- neck Latin collum collar color- color Latin color coloration, coloratura, tricolor con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- with, together Latin cum coagulate, collide, compress, connect, contain, corrode con- cone Greek κῶνος (kōnos) conic, conical, conoid condi- season Latin condire condiment contra- against Latin contra contradiction, contrast copr- dung Greek κόπρος (kopros) coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia corac- raven Greek κόραξ, κόρακος (korax, korakos) coracoid cord- heart Latin cor, cordis accord, cordial corn- horn Latin cornu cornea, cornucopia, unicorn coron- crown Latin corona, coronare corona, coronation corpor- body Latin corpus, corporis corporation, corpse, corpuscle cortic- bark Latin cortex, corticis corticosteriod cosm- universe Greek κόσμος (kosmos) cosmic, cosmonaut cosmet- Greek κοσμητ- (kosmet-) cosmetics, cosmetology cost- rib Latin costa costal cotyl- cup Greek κοτύλη (kotulē) cotyledon -cracy, -crat government, rule, authority Greek κράτος (kratos) democracy crani- skull Greek κρανίον (kranion) cranium crass- thick Latin crassus crassitude cre- make Latin creare, creatus creation, creature cred- believe, trust Latin credere, creditus credentials, credibility, creditor, incredible crep- boot, shoe Greek κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpis, krēpidos) cribr- sieve Latin cribrum, cribrare cribble, cribrate ring Greek κρίκος (krikos) cris-, crit- judge Greek κρίσις (crisis) crisis, critic crisp- curled Latin crispus crispate List of Greek and Latin roots in English 7 crist- crest Latin crista cristate cross- fringe, tassel Greek κροσσός (krossos) cruc- cross Latin crux, crucis crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating crur- leg, shank Latin crus, cruris crural crypt- hidden Greek κρυπτός (kruptos) cryptic, cryptography cten- comb Greek κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos) ctenophore cub- cube Greek κύβος (kubos) cubic, cuboid cub- lie Latin cubare incubation, succuba culin- kitchen Latin culina culinary culp- blame, fault Latin culpa culpable, exculpate cune- wedge Latin cuneus cuneiform curr-, curs- run Latin currere, cursus concurrent, current, cursive, recursion curv- bent Latin curvus curvature cuspid- lance, point Latin cuspis, cuspidis bicuspid cut- skin Latin cutis cuticle cyan- blue Greek κυανός (kuanos) cyanide cycl- circular Greek κύκλος (kuklos) bicycle, cycle, cyclone cylind- roll Greek κύλινδρος (kulindros) cylinder cyn- dog Greek κύων, κυνός (kuōn, kunos) cynosure cyst- capsule Greek κύστις (kustis) cystic cyt- cell Greek κύτος (kutos) cytoplasm, cnidocyte D Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples dactyl- finger, toe, digit Greek δάκτυλος (daktulos) dactylology, pterodactyl damn-, -demn- to inflict loss upon Latin damnāre condemn, damnation de- from, away from, removing, down Latin dē deletion, dementia, descend deb- owe Latin debere, debitus debit deca-, dec-, deka-, dek- ten Greek δέκα deka, ten decagram, decahedron decim- tenth part Latin decimus, tenth; from decem, ten decimal, decimate delt- Greek δέλτα (delta) deltoid dem- people Greek δῆμος (dēmos) demagogue, democracy den- ten each Latin deni denarius, denary dendr- resembling a tree Greek δένδρον (dendron): akin to δρύς, drys, "tree" dendrite, dendrochronology dens- thick Latin densus condense, density dent- tooth Latin dens, dentis dental, dentifrice, dentures List of Greek and Latin roots in English 10 feder- treaty, agreement, contract, league, pact Latin foedus, foederis confederation, federal fel- cat Latin feles, felis Felinae, feline felic- happy, merry Latin felix, felicis felicity fell- suck Latin fellare fellation femin- women, female Latin femina femininity femor- thigh Latin femur, femoris femoral fend-, fens- strike Latin fendere, -fensus defend, offense fenestr- window Latin fenestra defenestration fer- carry Latin ferre reference, transfer feroc- fierce Latin ferox, ferocis ferocity ferr- iron Latin ferrum ferrous fet- stink Latin fetere fetid, fetor fic- fig Latin ficus Ficus fid-, fis- faith, trust Latin fides, fidere, fisus confidence, fidelity fil- thread Latin filum filament fili- son Latin filius affiliation fin- end Latin finis finish, final find-, fiss- split Latin findere, fissus fission, fissures firm- fix, settle Latin firmus, firmare confirmation, firmament fistul- hollow, tube Latin fistula fl- blow Latin flare, flatus flatulence, inflation, insufflation flacc- flabby Latin flaccus, flaccere flaccid flav- yellow Latin flavus flavonoid flect-, flex- bend Latin flectere, flexus flexible, flexile, flexor, inflection flig-, flict- strike Latin fligere, flictus conflict, inflict flor- flower Latin flos, floris floral, florid flu-, flux- flow Latin fluere, fluxus effluent, fluency, influx foc- hearth Latin focus focal fod-, foss- dig Latin fodere, fossus fossil foen- hay Latin fenuculum foli- leaf Latin folium defoliant font- spring Latin fons, fontis font, fontal, fontanelle for- bore, drill Latin forare, foratus foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation form- shape Latin forma conformity, deformity, formation, reformatory fornic- vault Latin fornix, fornicis fornication fort- strong Latin fortis fortification fove- shallow round depression Latin fovea fovea frang-, -fring-, fract-, frag- break Latin frangere, fractus fracture, fragment, frangible, infringe List of Greek and Latin roots in English 11 frater-, fratr- brother Latin frater fraternity fric-, frict- rub Latin fricare, frictus dentifrice, friction frig- cold Latin frigere frigid, frigorific front- forehead Latin frons, frontis confront, frontage, frontal fruct-, frug- fruit Latin frux, fructis fructose fug-, fugit- flee Latin fugere centrifuge, fugitive, refuge fum- smoke Latin fumus fume, fumigation fund- bottom Latin fundus, fundare fundamentalism, profundity fund-, fus- pour Latin fundere, fusus diffusion, effusion, fusion, profuse, profusion, transfusion, effusive fung-, funct- do Latin fungi, functus function, fungibility fur-, furt- steal Latin fur, furare furtive furc- fork Latin furca bifurcation fusc- dark Latin fuscus obfuscation G Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples galact- milk Greek γάλα, γαλακτός (gala, galaktos) galactic gastr- stomach Greek γαστήρ (gaster) gastric, gastroenterology geo- earth Greek γῆ (gē), γεω- (geō-) geography, geology, geometry gel- icy cold Latin gelum gelatin, gelid gen- race, kind,birth Greek γένος (genos) eugenics, genocide ger-, gest- bear, carry Latin gerere, gestus digest, gestation germin- sprout Latin germen, germinis germination glabr- hairless Latin glaber glabrous glaci- ice Latin glacies glacier gladi- sword Latin gladius gladiator glia- glue Greek γλία (glia) glial glob- sphere Latin globus global, globule glori- glory Latin gloria glorify glutin- glue Latin gluten, glutinis agglutination grad-, -gred-, gress- walk, step, go Latin gradus, gradere, gressus grade, regress gram- writing Greek γράμμα (gramma) grammar, grammatic gran- grain Latin granum granary, granite, granola, granule grand- grand Latin grandis grandiloquous, grandiosity graph- draw, write Greek γραφή (graphē) grapheme, graphic, graphology grat- thank, please Latin gratus gratitude, ingrate grav- heavy Latin gravis aggravation, grave, gravity greg- flock Latin grex, gregis egregious, gregarious, segregation List of Greek and Latin roots in English 12 gubern- govern, pilot Latin gubernare gubernatorial gust- taste Latin gustus disgust, gusto gutt- drop Latin gutta gutta, guttifer, guttiform guttur- throat Latin guttur guttural gymn- nude Greek γυμνός (gymnos) gymnasium, gymnastics, gymnosperm gyn- woman Greek γυνή gynecology H Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples hab-, -hib-, habit-, -hibit- have Latin habere, habitus habit, prohibition haem-, hem- blood Greek αἷμα (haima) haemophilia, hemoglobin hal- salt Greek ἅλς, ἁλός (hals, halos) halogen hal-, -hel- breathe Latin halare, halatus anhelation, inhale hapl- simple, single Greek ἁπλοῦς (haplous) haploid, haplotype haur-, haust- draw Latin haurire, haustus exhaustion heli- sun Greek ἥλιος (hēlios) heliocentric, heliotrope, helium hemi- half Greek ἥμισυς (hēmisus) hemicycle, hemisphere hen- one Greek ἕν (hen) henad, hyphen hendec- eleven Greek ἕνδεκα (hendeka) hendecagon hept- seven Greek ἑπτά (hepta) heptagon, heptathlon, heptode her-, hes- cling Latin haerere, haesus adhesive, coherent herb- grass Latin herba herbal, herbicide hered- heir Latin heres, heredis heredity herp- creep Greek ἕρπω, ἕρπειν (herpō, herpein) herpes, herpetology heter- different, other Greek ἕτερος (heteros) heterodoxy heur- find Greek εὑρίσκω (heuriskō) heuristic hex- six Greek ἕξ (hex) hexagon, hexahedron, hexode hibern- wintry Latin hibernus hibernation hiem- winter Latin hiems hiemal hipp- horse Greek ἵππος (hippos) hippodrome hirsut- hairy Latin hirtus, hirsutus hirsute hispid- bristly Latin hispidus hispidity, hispidulous histri- actor Latin histrio, histrionis histrionic hod- way Greek ὁδός (hodos) cathode, herpolhode, hodometer hol- whole Greek ὅλος (holos) holistic hom- same Greek ὁμός (homos) homophone, homosexual List of Greek and Latin roots in English 15 larv- ghost, mask Latin larva larva, larvae, larval lat- broad, wide Latin latus latitude later- side Latin latus, lateris bilateral laud-, laus- praise Latin laudere laud lav- wash Latin lavare lavatory lax- not tense Latin laxus, laxare laxative, relaxation led-, les- hurt Latin laedere, laesus lesion leg- law Latin lex, legis, legare legal, legislative leg- send Latin legare relegate lei- smooth Greek λείος leios leiomyoma lekan- dish, pot Greek λεκάνη lekane lekane leni- gentle Latin lenis, lenire leniency leon- lion Latin leo, leonis Leo, leonine, Leopold lep- flake, scale Greek λέπις lepis Lepidoptera leps- grasp, seize Greek λήψης lepsis epilepsy leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- white Greek λευκός leukos leucocyte lev- lift, light Latin levis "light" (in weight), levare elevator, levitation liber- free Latin liber, liberare liberation, liberty libr- book Latin liber, libri librarian, library lig- bind Latin ligare, ligatus ligament, ligature limac- slug Latin limax, limacis limacoid, limacon lin- line Latin linea line, linearity lingu- language, tongue Latin lingua bilingual, linguistic linqu-, lict- leave Latin linquere, lictus relict, relinquish lip- fat Greek λίπος lipos lipolysis liter- letter Latin littera alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, obliterate lith- stone Greek λίθος (lithos) lithosphere, megalith, monolith, Neolithic Era loc- place Latin locus local, location log- thought, word, speech Greek λόγος (logos) "word" logic, monologue, morphological long- long Latin longus elongate, longitude loqu-, locut- speak Latin loqui allocution, eloquence luc- bright, light Latin lux, lucis light Lucifer (bearer of light) lud-, lus- play Latin ludere, lusus allude, illusion lumin- light Latin lumen, luminis illumination, luminous lun- moon Latin luna lunar, lunatic lysis dissolving Greek λύσις (lusis) analysis, cytolysis, hydrolysis List of Greek and Latin roots in English 16 M Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples macro- long Greek μακρός (makros) macron magn- great, large Latin magnus magnanimous, magnificent, magnitude maj- greater Latin major, majus majesty, majority, majuscule mal- bad, wretched, Latin malus malfeasance, malicious, malignancy, malodorous mamm- breast Latin mamma mammal, mammary gland man- flow Latin mānāre, manatus emanate, emanationism, immanant, immanation man- stay Latin manēre, mansus immanence, immanent, manse, permanence, permanent, remanence, remanent mand- hand Latin mandāre, mandatus mandate, remand mania mental illness Greek μανία (manίā) kleptomania, maniac manu- hand Latin manus manual, manuscript mar- sea Latin mare, maris marine, maritime mater-, matr- mother Latin mater, matris maternity, matriarch, matrix maxim- greatest Latin maximus maximum medi-, -midi- middle Latin medius, mediare median, medieval meg- great, large Greek μέγας (megas) megaphone mei- less Greek μεῖον (meiōn) meiosis melan- black, dark Greek μέλας (melas) Melanesia, melanoma melior- better Latin melior amelioration mell- honey Latin mel, mellis mellifluous memor- remember Latin memor memorial mening- membrane Greek μήνιγξ (meninx) meningitis men- month Greek μήν (mēn) menopause menstru- monthly Latin menstruus menstruation, menstrual mensur- measure Latin mensura commensurate ment- mind Latin mens, mentis demented, mentality mer- part Greek μέρος (meros) polymer merc- reward, wages, hire Latin merx, mercis mercantile, merchant merg-, mers- dip, plunge Latin mergere emerge, immersion mes- middle Greek μέσος (mesos) mesolithic, mesozoic meter-, metr- measure Greek μέτρον (metron) metric, thermometer meta- above, among, beyond Greek μετά (meta) metaphor, metaphysics mic- grain Latin mica micelle List of Greek and Latin roots in English 17 micr- small Greek μικρός (mikros) microphone, microscope migr- wander Latin migrare emigrant, migrate milit- soldier Latin miles, militis military, militia mill- thousand Latin mille millennium, million millen- thousand each Latin milleni millenary mim- repeat Greek μίμος (mimos) mime, mimic min- jut Latin minere prominent min- less, smaller Latin minor, minus minority, minuscule mir- wonder, amazement Latin miror, mirari, miratus sum admire, miracle, mirror mis- hate Greek μῖσος (misos) misandry, misogyny misce-, mixt- mix Latin miscere, mixtus miscellaneous, mixture mit- thread Greek μίτος (mitos) mitochondrion mitt-, miss- send Latin mittere, missus intermittent, missionary, transmission mne- memory Greek μνήμη (mnēmē) mnemonic mol- grind Latin mola, molere, molitus molar moll- soft Latin mollis emollient, mollify mon- one Greek μόνος (monos) monism, monolith, monotone monil- string of beads Latin monile Moniliformida mont- mountain Latin mons, montis Montana mord- bite Latin mordere, morsus mordacious, morsel, remorse morph- form, shape Greek μορφή (morphē) anthropomorphism, morpheme, morphology mort- death Latin mors, mortis immortal, mortality, mortuary mov-, mot- move, motion Latin movere, motus mobile, momentum, motor, move mulg-, muls- milk Latin mulgere emulsion mult- many, much Latin multus multiple, multiplex, multitude mur- wall Latin murus, muri immured, mural mus- thief Latin mus, muris mouse musc- fly Latin musca, muscae Muscicapidae, Muscidae mut- change Latin mutare mutation my- mouse Greek μῦς (mus) musophobia myri- countless, ten thousand Greek μυρίος (murios) myriad, myriapod myrmec- ant Greek μύρμηξ (murmēx) myrmecoid, Myrmidons myth- story Greek μῦθος (muthos) mythic, mythology myx- slime Greek μύξα (muxa) Myxini myz- suck Greek μυζάω (muzaō) Myzopoda List of Greek and Latin roots in English 20 omas- paunch Latin omasum omasum oment- fat skin Latin omentum omental omin- creepy Latin omen, ominis abominable, ominous omm- eye Greek ὄμμα (omma) ommatidium omni- all Latin omnis omnipotence, omnivore omo- shoulder Latin omphal- navel Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalos) omphalectomy oner- burden Latin onus, oneris exonerate, onerous onom- name Greek όνομα (onoma) onomatopoeia ont- existing Greek ὄντος (ontos) ontogeny, ontology -onym name Greek ὄνυμα (onuma) antonym, pseudonym, synonym oo- egg Greek (oion) oocyte opac- shady Latin opacus opacity oper- work Latin opus, operis inoperable, opera opercul- little cover Latin operculum ophi- snake Greek ὄφις (ophis) ophiophagy ophthalm- eye Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmos) ophthalmology opisth- behind Greek ὄπισθεν (opisthen) opisthosoma, opsimath opoter- either Greek ὁπότερος (hopoteros) opt- eye Greek ὀπτός (optos) optical opt- choose Latin optare adopt, optional optim- best Latin optimus optimum or- mouth Latin os, oris oral, orator orb- circle Latin orbis orbit orch- testicle Greek ὄρχις (orchis) orchid ordin- order Latin ōrdō, ordinis ordinal, ordinary organ- organ, instrument, tool Greek ὄργανον (organon) organism ori-, ort- eastern Latin oriri, ortus orient orn- decorate Latin ōrnāre adorn, ornament, ornate ornith- bird Greek ὄρνις (ornis, ornithos) ornithology orth- straight Greek ὀρθός (orthos) orthodontist, orthodoxy, orthosis oscill- swing Latin oscillum oscillation oss- bone Latin os, ossis ossification osteo- bone Greek ὀστοῦν (ostoun) osteoporosis osti- entrance Latin ostium ostiole ostrac- shell Greek ὄστρακον (ostrakon) ostracism ot- ear Greek οὖς, ωτός (ous, ōtos) otology ov- egg Latin ovum oval, ovary, ovule ovi- sheep Latin ovis ovine List of Greek and Latin roots in English 21 oxy- sharp, pointed Greek ὀξύς (oxus) oxygen, oxymoron P Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples pac- peace Latin pax, pacis pacifism pach- thick Greek παχύς (pachus) pachydermata, Pachypodium paed- child Greek παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos) paediatric pagin- page Latin pagina pagination pal- stake Latin palus impalement, pale palae-, pale- ancient, old Greek παλαιός (palaios) paleontology palin- back Greek πάλιν (palin) palindrome pall- be pale Latin pallere pallid, pallor palli- mantle Latin pallium pallium palm- palm Latin palma palmate palustr- in marshes Latin paluster palustral pan-, pam- all Greek πᾶς, παντός (pas, pantos) pandemic pand-, pans- spread Latin pandere, pansus expand, expansion par(a)- beside, near Greek παρά (para) parallel, parameter pariet- wall Latin paries, parietis parietal part- part Latin pars, partis bipartite, partition parthen- maiden Greek παρθένος (parthenos) parthenogenesis parv- little Latin parvus parvovirus pasc-, past- feed Latin pascere, pastus pasture, repast pass- pace, step Latin passus passer- sparrow Latin passer passeriform, passerine pat- be open Latin patere patent path- feel, hurt Greek πάθος (pathos) pathetic, pathology pati-, pass- suffer, feel, endure, permit Latin pati, passus passive, patience patr- father Greek πατήρ, πατριά (patēr, patria) patriarch patr- father Latin pater, patris patrilocal pauc- few Latin paucus paucal, pauciloquent, paucity pav- Latin pavire pavement pecc- sin Latin peccare impeccable pect- fixed Greek πηκτός (pēktos) pectic, pectin pector- chest Latin pectus, pectoris pectoral pecun- money Latin pecunia pecuniary ped- child Greek παῖς, παιδός (pais, paidos) pedagogy ped- foot Latin pes, pedis pedal, quadruped List of Greek and Latin roots in English 22 pejor- worse Latin pejor pejorative pell-, puls- drive Latin pellere, pulsus propellent, propulsor, repellent pen- almost Latin paene peninsula, penultimate, penumbra pend-, pens- hang Latin pendere suspend penn-, pinn- feather Latin penna pennate, pinnate pent- five Greek πέντε (pente) pentagon, pentode, pentagrid pentecost- fiftieth Greek πεντηκοστός (pentēkostos) pentecostalism pept- to digest Greek πέσσειν, πεπτός (pessein, peptos) peptic, peptide per- thoroughly, through Latin per perfection, permeate, persistence, pervade peran- across, beyond Greek πέραν (peran) peri- around Greek περί (peri) perimeter, peripheral, periscope persic- peach Greek περσικός (persikos) pessim- worst Latin pessimus pessimal pet- strive towards Latin petere appetite, competition petr- rock Greek πέτρα (petra) petroglyph phae- dark Greek φαιός (phaios) phaeomelanin phag- eat Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) sarcophagus phalang- close formation of troops, finger bones Greek φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phalanx, phalangos) phalanges phalar- having a patch of white Greek φάλαρος (phalāros)[1] phalarope pharmac- drug, medicine Greek φάρμακον (pharmakon) pharmacy phaner- visible Greek φανερός (phaneros) phanerozoic pher- bear, carry Greek φέρω (pherō) pheromone phil-, -phile love, friendship Greek φιλέω (phileō, philia) hydrophile, philosophy phleg- heat Greek φλέγω (phlegō) phlegm, phlegmatics phloe- tree bark Greek φλοιός (phloios) phlobaphene, phloem phob- fear Greek φόβος (phobos) hydrophobia phon- sound Greek φωνή (phōnē) homophone, microphone, phonograph phor- carry, bear Greek φόρος (phoros) metaphor phos-, phot- light Greek φῶς, φωτός (phōs, phōtos) phosphor, photograph phragm- fence Greek φράγμα (phragma) diaphragm phren- diaphragm, mind Greek φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phrenos) phrenetic, schizophrenia phryn- toad, toad-like Greek φρύνη (phrunē) Phrynobatrachus phyl- tribe Greek φύλον (phulon) phylogenetics, phylum phyll- leaf Greek φύλλον (phullon) chlorophyll, phyllotaxis phys- nature Greek φύσις (phusis) physics physalid- bladder Greek φυσαλ(λ)ίς (phusal(l)is) physalis phyt- plant Greek φυτόν (phuton) neophyte, phytoplankton List of Greek and Latin roots in English 25 proct- anus Greek πρωκτός (prōktos) proctology propri- one's own, ownership Latin proprietas appropriate, property, propriety pros- forward Greek πρός (pros) prot- first Greek πρῶτος (prōtos) protoplasm proxim- nearest Latin proximus, proximare approximate, proximity prun- plum Latin prunus prune psamma- sand Greek ψάμμος (psammos) pseud- false Greek ψευδής (pseudēs) pseudonym psil- bare Greek ψιλός (psilos) epsilon psych- mind Greek ψυχή (psuchē) psycho psychr- cold Greek ψυχρός (psuchros) pter- wing, fern Greek πτερόν (pteron) helicopter pto- fall Greek πτῶσις (ptōsis) ptosis ptyal- saliva Greek πτύον (ptuon) ptych- fold, layer Greek πτύξ, πτυχή (ptuchē) triptych pub- sexually mature Latin pubes pubescent, pubic public- Latin publicus publication pude- Latin pudere impudent pugn- fight Latin pugna, pugnare pugnacious, repugnant pulchr- beautiful Latin pulcher, pulchri pulchritude pulmon- lung Latin pulmo, pulmonis pulmonary pulver- dust Latin pulvis, pulveris pulverize pung-, punct- prick Latin pungere, punctus puncture, pungent puni- punish Latin punire, punitus impunity, punitive pup- doll Latin pupa pupa, puppet pur- pure Latin purus impurity, purify purg- cleanse Latin purgare expurgate, purgatory, purge purpur- purple Latin purpura put- prune, reckon Latin putāre compute, putative pyg- rump Greek πυγή (pugē) pygostyle, callipygian pyl- gate Greek πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulōn) pylon pyr- heat, fire Greek πῦρ, πυρός (pur, puros) pyrolysis Q List of Greek and Latin roots in English 26 Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples quadr- four Latin quattuor quadrangle, quadrillion quadragen- forty each Latin quadrageni quadragenary quadragesim- fortieth Latin quadragesimus quadragesimal quart- fourth Latin quartus quartary, quartile quasi- as if Latin quasi quasar quatern- four each Latin quaterni quaternary, quaternion quati-, quass- shake Latin quatere quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit- search, seek Latin quaerere Inquisition, query qui- rest Latin quies quiet, requiem quin- five each Latin quini quinary quindecim- fifteenth Latin quindecimus quindecimal quinden- fifteen each Latin quindeni quindenary quinque- five Latin quinque quinquennium quint- fifth Latin quintus quintary, quintile quot- how many, how great Latin quota, quotient R Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples rad-, ras- scrape, shave Latin radere, rasus abrade, abrasion, erasure radi- beam, spoke Latin radius, radiare radiance, radiation radic- root Latin rādix, rādīcis eradicate, radical ram- branch Latin rāmus ramification, ramose ran- frog Latin rana Rana ranc- rancidness, grudge, bitterness Latin rancere rancid, rancor rap- turnip Latin rapum rapeseed raph- seam Greek ῤαφή (rhaphē) rar- Latin rarus rarity rauc- harsh, hoarse Latin raucus raucous re-, red- again, back Latin re- recede, redact reg-, -rig-, rect- straight Latin regere, rectus dirigible, erect, erection, rectum rem- oar Latin remus bireme, trireme ren- kidney Latin renes renal rep-, rept- crawl, creep Latin repere, reptus reptile ret- net Latin rete reticle, retina retro- backward, behind Latin retro retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus rhabd- rod Greek ῥάβδος (rhabdos) rhabdoid, rhabdom rhach-, rach- spine Greek ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rhachis) rhachiodont List of Greek and Latin roots in English 27 rhag- tear, rent Greek ῥαγίζω rhagades rhe- flow Greek ῥεῖν (rhein) rheostat rhig- chill Greek ῥῖγος (rhigos) rhigosaurus rhin- nose, snout Greek ῥίς, ῥινός (rhis, rhinos) rhinoplasty rhiz- root Greek ῥίζα (rhiza) rhizome rhod- rose Greek ῥόδον (rhodon) rhododendron rhomb- spinning top Greek ῥόμβος (rhombos) rhombus rhynch- snout Greek ῥύγχος Rhynchobatus rid-, ris- laugh Latin ridere, risus derision, ridicule robor- oak, strength Latin robur, roboris corroboration rod-, ros- gnaw Latin rodere, rosus corrode, erosion, rodent rog- ask Latin rogare derogatory, interrogation rostr- beak, prow Latin rostrum rostral, rostriform, rostrum rot- wheel Latin rota, rotare rotation ruber-, rubr- red Latin ruber rubric, ruby rug- wrinkle Latin ruga, rugare corrugation rumin- throat Latin rumen, ruminis rumination rump-, rupt- break Latin rumpere, ruptus eruption, rupture, interrupt rur- country Latin rus, ruris rural S Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples sacchar- sugar Greek σάκχαρον (sakcharon) saccharin sacr-, secr- sacred Latin sacer, sacrare consecrate, sacrament sagac- wise Latin sagax, sagacis sagacity sagitt- arrow Latin sagitta sagittal plane, Sagittaria sal- salt Latin sal, salis, salere salinity sali-, -sili-, salt- jump Latin salire, saltus resilient, salient, saltus salic- willow Latin salix, salicis salicin salv- save Latin salvus, salvare salvation san- healthy Latin sanus insane, sanity sanc- holy Latin sancire, sanctus sanctify, sanctuary sanguin- blood Latin sanguis, sanguinis consanguinity, sanguine sapi-, -sipi- taste, wise Latin sapere insipience, sapient sapon- soap Latin sapo, saponis saponification sarc- flesh Greek σάρξ, σαρκός (sarx, sarkos) sarcophagus saur- lizard, reptile Greek σαῦρος (sauros) dinosaur List of Greek and Latin roots in English 30 soma- body Greek σῶμα, σώματος (sōma, sōmatos) somatic somn- sleep Latin somnus insomnia somni- dream Latin somnium son- sound Latin sonus resonance soph- wise Greek σοφός (sophos) sophist sorb-, sorpt- suck Latin sorbere absorb, absorption sord- dirt Latin sordes, sordere sordid soror- sister Latin soror sorority spati- space Latin spatium spatial spec-, -spic-, spect- look Latin specere conspicuous, inspection, specimen spect- watch, look at Latin spectare spectator specul- observe Latin speculari speculation sper- hope Latin spes, sperare desperation, esperance sperm- seed Greek σπέρμα (sperma) angiosperm sphen- wedge Greek σφήν (sphēn) spher- ball Greek σφαῖρα (sphaira) sphere, spheroid sphinct- closing Greek σφίγγα sphincter spic- spike Latin spica spicule spin- thorn Latin spina spine spir- breathe Latin spirare respiration spond-, spons- a surety, guarantee; give assurance, promise solemnly Latin spondere, sponsus respond spondyl- vertebra spu-, sput- spew, spit Latin spuere sputum squal- scaly, dirty, filthy Latin squalere squalid, squalor squam- scale Latin squama squamous squarros- spreading at tips Latin st- stand Latin stare, status stable, station, statistic, statue, status stagn- pool of standing water Latin stagnare stagnant stalact- Greek σταλακτίτης (stalaktitēs) stalactite stalagm- Greek σταλαγμός (stalagmos) stalagmite stann- tin Latin stannum stannous statu-, -stitu- stand Latin statuere institution, statute stea- fat, tallow Greek στέαρ, στέατος (stear, steatos) stearic acid steg- covering Greek steganography stell- star Latin stella constellation, stellar sten- narrow Greek στενός (stenos) stenography stere- solid Greek στερεός (stereos) List of Greek and Latin roots in English 31 stern-, strat- spread, strew Latin sternere, stratus stratify stern- breastbone Greek στέρνον (sternon) sternum stich- line, row Greek στίχος (stichos) stig- Greek στίγμα (stigma) stigma still- drip Latin stilla, stillare distillation stimul- goad, rouse, excite Latin stimulus stimulate stingu-, stinct- apart Latin stinguere distinction, distinguish stoch- aim Greek στόχος stochastic stom- mouth Greek στόμα (stoma) stomatoplasty strept- twisted Greek στρεπτός (streptos) strig- compress Latin strix, strigis strigogyps strigos- having stiff bristles Latin string-, strict- upright, stiff Latin stringere, strictus stringent stroph- turning Greek στροφή (strophē) apostrophe stru-, struct- to make up, build Latin struere, structus construction, construe stud- dedication Latin studere student stup- wonder Latin stupere stupor styl- column, pillar Greek στῦλος (stulos) stylus su-, sut- sew Latin suere, sutus suture sui- self Latin sui sui generis, suicide suad-, suas- urge Latin suadere, suasus persuasion suav- sweet Latin suavis suave sub-, su-, suf-, sug-, sus- below Latin sub submerge, suffix, suggest subter- under Latin subter subterfuge sucr- sugar Latin sucrose sud- sweat Latin sudare sudoriferous sulc- furrow Latin sulcus sulcus sum-, sumpt- take Latin sumere, sumptus assumption, consume super- above, over Latin super supersede supin- lying back Latin supinus supination supra- above, over Latin supra supranationalism surd- deaf Latin surdus absurdity surg- rise Latin surgere resurgent syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- with Greek σύν (sun) symbol, symmetry, sympathy, synchronous, synonym, system syring- pipe Greek σύριγξ, σύριγγος (syrinx, syringos) syringe List of Greek and Latin roots in English 32 T Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples tac-, -tic- be silent Latin tacere, tacitus reticent, tacit tach- swift Greek ταχύς (tachus) tachometer, tachycardia taeni- ribbon Greek ταινία (tainia) taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis tal- ankle Latin talus talus bone tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch Latin tangere, tactus contact, tactile, tangent tapet- carpet Latin tapete, tapetis tapestry, tapetum, tapis tard- slow Latin tardus retard, tardigrade, tardy tars- ankle Greek ταρσός (tarsos, a flat basket) tarsal taur- bull Greek ταῦρος (tauros) Minotaur taur- bull Latin taurus Taurus tax- arrangement, order Greek τάξις (taxis) taxonomy techn- art, skill Greek τέχνη (technē) technology teg-, tect- cover Latin tegere, tectus integument, protection tele- far, end Greek τῆλε (tēle) telegram, telephone, telescope tele- complete Greek τέλος (telos) teleology temn- cut Greek τέμνω (temnō) Temnospondyli tempor- time Latin tempus, temporis contemporary, temporal, temporary ten-, -tin-, tent- hold Latin tenere, tentus continent, detention, tenacious, tenor tend-, tens- stretch, strain Latin tendere, tensus extend, extension tenu- slender, thin Latin tenuis attenuate, tenuous tep- be warm Latin tepere tepid, tepor ter-, trit- rub Latin terere, tritus attrition, contrite, detritus, trite teret- rounded Latin teres, teretis subterete, teretial terg-, ters- wipe Latin tergere, tersus detergent, terse termin- boundary, limit, end Latin terminus determine, terminal, termination tern- three each Latin terni ternary, ternion terr- dry land Latin terra subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain terti- third Latin tertius tertian, tertiary test- witness Latin testis testament, testimony tetr- four Greek τέσσαρες (tessares) tetrahedron, tetrode tex-, text- weave Latin texere, textus context, texture, textile thalam- chamber, bed Greek θάλαμος (thalamos) thalass- sea Greek θάλασσα (thalassa) Panthalassa than- death Greek θάνατος (thanatos) euthanasia the-, thus- god Greek θεός (theos) enthusiasm, theology the- put Greek τίθημι (tithēmi), θήκη (thēkē) Bibliotheca, theca, theme, thesis thel- Greek θηλή (thēlē) List of Greek and Latin roots in English 35 Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples vac- empty Latin vacare vacancy, vacation, vacuum vad-, vas- go Latin vadere evade, pervasive vag- wander Latin vagus, vagare vagabond, vague van- empty, vain, idle Latin vanus vanity vap- lack (of) Latin vapor evaporation, vapid, vaporize veh-, vect- carry Latin vehere, vectus vehicle, vector vel- veil Latin velum revelation, velate vell-, vuls- pull Latin vellere, vulsus convulsion veloc- quick Latin velox, velocis velocity ven- vein Latin vena venosity ven- hunt Latin venari venison ven-, vent- come Latin venire advent, convention vend- sell Latin vendere vendor, vending vener- respectful Latin venus veneration, venereal vent- wind Latin ventus ventilation ventr- belly Latin venter ventral ver- true Latin verus aver, veracious, verify, verisimilitude, verity verb- word Latin verbum verbal, verbatim, verbosity verber- whip Latin verber reverberation verm- worm Latin vermis vermiform vern- spring Latin ver, vernus vernal vert-, vers- turn Latin vertere, versus convert, inversion, invert, vertical vesic- bladder Latin vesica vesical vesper- evening, western Latin vespera vesperal vest- clothe, garment Latin vestis divest, vest vestig- track Latin vestigium investigate vet- forbid Latin vetare veto veter- old Latin vetus, veteris inveterate, veteran vi- way Latin via deviate, obvious, via vic- change Latin vicis vice versa, vicissitude vicen-, vigen- twenty Latin viceni vicenary vicesim-, vigesim- twentieth Latin vicesimus vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal vid-, vis- see Latin videre, visus video, vision vil- cheap Latin vilis vile, vilify vill- shaggy hair, velvet Latin villus villiform vin- wine Latin vinum vinous vinc-, vict- conquer Latin vincere, victus invincible, victory vir- man Latin vir virility List of Greek and Latin roots in English 36 vir- green Latin virere virid, viridian visc- thick Latin viscum viscosity viscer- organs of the body cavity Latin viscus, visceris eviscerate, visceral vit- life Latin vita vital, vitamin vitell- yolk Latin vitellus vitellogenesis viti- fault Latin vitium vice, vitiate vitr- glass Latin vitrum vitreous viv- live Latin vivere revive, survive, vivid voc- voice Latin vox, vocis provocative, vocal, vocation vol- fly Latin volare volatility vol- wish Latin velle volition volv-, volut- roll Latin volvere, volutus convolution, revolve vom- discharge Latin vomere vomit vor-, vorac- swallow Latin vorare, vorax devour, voracious vov-, vot- vow Latin vovere, votus votive vulg- common, crowd Latin vulgus divulge, vulgarity, vulgate vulner- wound Latin vulnus, vulneris vulnerable vulp- fox Latin vulpes, vulpis vulpine X Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples xanth- yellow Greek ξάνθος (xanthos) xanthogenic xen- foreign Greek ξένος (xenos) xenophobia xer- dry Greek ξηρός (xēros) xerography, xerophyte xiph- sword Greek ξίφος (xiphos) xiphoid xyl- wood Greek ξύλον (xulon) xylem, xylophone Z Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples zo- animal, living being Greek ζῷον (zōion) protozoa, zoo, zoology zon- belt, girdle Greek ζώνη (zōnē) zone zyg- yoke Greek ζυγός (zugon) heterozygous, zygote zym- ferment Greek ζύμη (zumē) enzyme, lysozyme List of Greek and Latin roots in English 37 References [1] "phalaros" in LSJ (http:/ / archimedes. mpiwg-berlin. mpg. de/ cgi-bin/ archim/ dict/ hw?lemma=fa/ la_ros& step=entry& id=d004) External links • Root Word Dictionary (http:/ / www. macroevolution. net/ root-word-dictionary. html) • List of Latin Derivatives (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070823220828/ http:/ / cdsjcl. f2g. net/ derivatives. html) • Greek and Latin roots (http:/ / www. biology. ualberta. ca/ courses. hp/ zool250/ Roots/ roots. A-C. htm) • Database of Latin Dictionaries (http:/ / www. brepols. net/ publishers/ pdf/ Brepolis_DLD_manual_en. pdf)