English Grammar: Conditional and Future Tenses, Modals and Participle Clauses, Apuntes de Filología Inglesa

¡Descarga English Grammar: Conditional and Future Tenses, Modals and Participle Clauses y más Apuntes en PDF de Filología Inglesa solo en Docsity! Inglés 7 Grammar Conditionals • 1st conditional: action-reaction. Ex: If I go to the doctor, he will give me X. • 2nd conditional: simple past + simple conditional = something improbable if not impossible. Ex: If I had money I would buy a car. • 3rd conditional: to regret something you can't change. Ex: If I had studied I had past. “However” implies two sentences: stop. “I did so”: you do something without previous notice. If I had gone to the disco | I'd have met Mary. = Regret in the past. If I had gone to the disco | I'd be tired now. = Action in the present. Mixed conditional, to take into account the outcome of the action. Future • Will: predictions, something that will happen. • Be + going to: plans, evidence. • Be + going: something happening in a short time, unexpected decisions. • Will + have: concrete moment in the future (not exact). • Will be + -ing: you know the exact moment of completing an action. Grammatically two future forms can't be used at the same phrase. Past tenses Past simple: – Action finished. Ex: Yesterday I played tennis. – Description of past things. – Things you used to do but you quitted. We can also use “would”. Past continuous: was/were + -ing: – Action over a period of time and we don't know when it ended. – To distinguish. Past perfect: had + participle: – When two actions take part in the past, the longer is perfect. Past perfect continuous: had + been + -ing: – Action that precedes the simple past but has specific duration. Ex: The baby had been crying for three hours before the father woke up. Must + have been -ing: – Speculation in the past. Might/may + have been: – “we don't know”. Can't/couldn't have + participle: – Impossibility. Modals Ability: can/can't (cannot). Obligation: must/musn't (also for deduction = have to). Probability: might/may, mightn't/may not. – “May” is used when it is not a high probability. – There is no difference between “mightn't” and “may not”. – “Might as well” is used to offer an alternative. Advice and deduction: should/shouldn't, ought to. – “Should” and “shouldn't” are less strong than “must/musn't”. Necessity to do something: need/needn't, have to. Participle clauses