¡Descarga guia ap psychology con términos para el exámen de ap psychology y más Apuntes en PDF de Psicología solo en Docsity! Unit 4: Learning Classical Con ning: Learning by asso: n Key Studies Key People Key terms to understand and be able to apply e Pavlov's Dogs Little Albert e Garcia and Koelling Taste Aversion Ivan Pavlov John Wastson John Garcia Robert Koelling Unconditioned Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Response Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization Discrimination Aversive Conditioning First Order Conditioning Second Order (Higher Order) conditioning Learned Taste Aversions e Biological Preparedness Classical Conditioning Practi 1. Afriend has learned to associate the sound of a dentist's drill to a fearful reaction because ofthe painful experience she had getting a root canal. In this example, what is the a. UCS: pain from the drill b. UCR: fear c. NS: the sound of the drill d. CS: sound of the drill e. CR:fear What would stimulus generalization look like? - Goingto the dentists and associating with fear What would stimulus discrimination look like? - Hearing the drill and having fear vs. seeing another tool 2. You go to a fancy restaurant and decide to try an appetizer you've never tried before-escargot (snails). After dinner, you go to a concert and get violently ill. From then on, you can't even look at snails without feeling sick. a. UCS: stomach virus b. UCR: feeling sick c. NS: sight of snails d. CS: sight of snails e. CR: feeling sick What makes this an example of a learned taste aversion? - Itis resisting to the taste or eating snails as a way of protecting yourself from not getting sick again How can this be connected back to our biological preparedness (reference the Garcia and Koelling study)? - — ltis a way of protecting or discriminating what is tasteful for us or that gives us pleasure. 3. An experimenter sounds a tone just before delivering an air puff that causes you to blink. After several repetitions, you blink to the tone alone. UCS: air puff pon» CR: blink to tone What would lead to extinction occurring? - — Not blinking to the tone, you become used to it 4. Captain Hook had a nasty encounter with a crocodile in Never-Never Land. As a result of the battle, he lost his hand to a croc, which also swallowed an alarm clock. Fortunately for Hook, the loud ticking warned him of the hungry croc's approach. Unfortunately for Hook, any clocks ticking now ushers in a full-blown anxiety attack. a. UCS: encounter with the crocodile b. UCR: anxiety and fear c. NS: clock ticking d. CS: clock ticking e. CR: anxiety and fear Let's say that Hook's response to the clock ticking became extinct. What would spontaneous recovery look like if it were to occur? - — Thatwhen not hearing the clock he won't have fear and anxiety, only when seeing a crocodile. Operant Conditioning: Learning through reinforcement or punishment Key Studies Key People Key terms to understand and be able to apply e Edward Thorndike cat in puzzle e BF. Skinner box (Law of Effect) e Skinner Box rat study e Edward Thomdike Law of Effect Instrumental learning Skinner Box Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Punishment (Omission Training) Shaping Chaining Primary Reinforcers Secondary Reinforcers Generalized Reinforcer Token Economy Premack Principle Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement Fixed Ratio Schedule Variable Ratio Schedule Fixed Interval Schedule Variable Interval Schedule Instinctive Drift Overjustification Effect Reinforcement Types Types How it works Examples Positive Reinforcement Add something pleasant to get a behavior to continue Parent gives child present as a reward for cleaning room Negative Reinforcement Remove something unpleasant to get a behavior to continue Parent stops yelling when child goes to clean room Punishment Types Types How it works Examples Positive Punishment Add something negative to get a behavior to stop Parent yells when child comes home after curfew Negative Punishment Remove something positive to get a behavior to stop Parent takes away cell phone when child comes home after curfew
