The Impact of Printing on Architecture: A Historical Perspective - Prof. 8716, Apuntes de Arquitectura

¡Descarga The Impact of Printing on Architecture: A Historical Perspective - Prof. 8716 y más Apuntes en PDF de Arquitectura solo en Docsity! Rebecca Mooney History and Theory Semester 2 – Kazys Varnelis 31st March The Printing Press. • Nowadays the written and electronic world dominates our world today. • Printing takes over from a culture of talking, improving literacy amongst people. • “Tariff” of the orders from Giuseppe Leoncini, brought in tables, which began a huge change on the way knowledge, could be organized. • Petri Rami, develops a system that is about organized diagrams in a systemized way, they are broken down. This kind of thinking was unheard of by the ancient Greeks and Romans. • “Map of the System of Human Knowledge” shows how a system is broken down. • What are its (printings) early impacts on Architecture? Books are beginning to arise. In the first book is by Alberti, there are no illustrations, it is very matter of fact. The Gutenberg book is much nicer and clearer, it is meant to be used and read by other humanists who are interested in knowledge. • Vitruvius never pointed out the Vitruvian man, but Fredro includes it in his drawings. • It takes a lot longer for architecture books to have an impact. • Sabastiano Serbio, 1537, publishes first of seven books of architecture. Dies before all get published. He is dealing with copper plate engravings (or xylography). It has images, plans, sections, elevations and details that tell you how to do things. It has new and old buildings. This is a remarkable and unprecedented thing. So long as u could afford to buy this book you would have this knowledge. The books are big; they are what’s called a “folio”. Folios are used when you need illustrations in a book, books for surgery for example. • Serbio talks about different kinds of architecture being fitted to different people, since they have different needs. E.g. a farmer’s house will be different. • Tragic (Romeo & Juliet, someone struggles and fails, inevitable failure), Comic Satire (A parody of tragic life) Andreas Palladio (The most famous architect of the Renaissance.) • Architects publish these books to keep themselves in the loop. • Palladio: Throughout his book he demonstrates how his own work delivers the architecture of the ancients. He keeps his drawings simplified. They don’t exactly match the actually building – the proportions are off. He would draw his buildings when only half the building was completed. • Beshoff Hardwick, will be the host of Queen Elizabeth’s court one summer so she rebuilds the Hardwick hall in Derbyshire, which is designed by Robert Smithson. There are logia in the front. There are preponderates of glass everywhere. There is a ruin near by, this is quite common in Italy (in the city) as well, since country buildings are built close to ruins, to identify oneself with history: power – by building next to it you are evoking a continuity of power on your territory. The interior of the building is designed for the queens. • Inigo Jones (1573-1652). He was not trained as an architect. He comes from a tradition of mounting masques, which involve music, dancing, elaborate stage sets. He becomes associated with producing stage sets. • Books are exceedingly expensive around that time. • Inigo Jones wanted his books to be kept together after his death. He went to Italy repeatedly, before he built the Queens house, he brought his library with him. Many of the notes he makes are made in the books are on site. He doesn’t have measurements on the drawings. His language is a bit different and there is also the problem of 17th century speech. He might have sketchbooks that might have been lost. However, he does publish a book on the ruins of Stonehenge, he talks about the theories of how Merlin moved the stones around through magic. • The Banquet Hall (1622), Inigo Jones, follows all the Palladian rules on the exterior. It is deceivingly big on the interior. Very like the inside of a theatre, you can see where his background in stage set came into place. The Palace of Whitehall is right next to it. He produces a plan of White hall. • Joseph Moxen, is a hydrographer to Charles II. He is an engineer and printer. He produces technical manuals. He will refer to architecture in some parts, geometry, astronomy and other subjects. Throughout Moxen talks about how things are made and used. He points to Vitruvius. • Style: Bibbed jacket, wig (cant wear wig in a dusty place of work). • By the late 18th century in France, and the British islands, there aristocracies are under pressure, they are seeing their own role in democracy diminish. The bourgeoisie are rising. • A huge amount of collecting begins, cabinets of curiosity, cabinets of wonder, in which one might have works of art. • ‘The Grand Tour’: (almost like a year out after college) Now any learned gentleman would go to the continent, starting in Germany, maybe going through France and ending in Italy learning about art. A gentleman from England going to Italy was seen as a gentleman learning to become a man, essentially because you were roughing it. It was believed that you needed to get out to learn more. • The Dilettante; “a club for which the nominal qualifications are that they have been in Italy and drunk.” • Lord Burlington is a connoisseur of Italian art and architecture. • David Stuckhart, the Hunt museum. • What’s going on in France? Stability and growth. • Painting: Louis Quators, the son of the king. An absolute monarchy had not been seen before. Monarchs used to have much more tenuous existences, e.g., Elizabeth who had to use intrigue to keep her a float. Louis Quators wants to be a single-handed ruler so his advisors are granted great power. There is a body of people who are there to make political decisions, not government based, people who vote after they discuss things. The court became the public. The presence of the king and queen amongst these people made them important people. • In coffee houses, people would debate things; they would debate culture, which marks the modern idea of democracy. • Change in society? Living lives in squalor – progress very slowly. Humble plough – essential for agriculture – didn’t really change in any country. They all evolve but they don’t really change, same basic designs are used forever and ever. Simply because despite all the knowledge that might have been