English Language I: Unit 4 - Word Classes: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs - Prof. Alame, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

¡Descarga English Language I: Unit 4 - Word Classes: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs - Prof. Alame y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! LENGUA INGLESA I Prof. Ángela Alameda Hernández UNIT 4 WORDS OPEN WORD-CLASSES NOUNS MORPHOLOGY (form) - Inflectional morphology: forms for number and genitive. e.g. table, tables, table’s, tables’ - Derivational morphology : nouns can be derived from other word- classes by suffixes such as –ness, -ity, -er, -ment, -ion e.g. thickness, royalty, helper, retirement, SYNTAX (function) - H in NP - NP can be S, O, A (at clause level) Complement in PP, premodifier in NP, apposition e.g. in a PP : in the garden Premodifier in NP: a young Faculty member Apposition: your friends, Susan and Mary, are really nice. MEANING Subclasses: - Concrete
They denote physical objects, persons and animals. E.g. car, table, girl. - Abstract
They denote abstract realities, events, states, processes, etc. e.g. decadence, birth, happiness. - Count
They refer to things that can be counted. They can have plural form. E.g. table, dog, idea. - Mass
They refer to substances, qualities and the like, that cannot be counted. No plural form. E.g. gold, happiness - Proper
They denote individual person, places, things, etc. Conventionally written with initial capital letter. No plural form. They do not appear after the or a. E.g. *Peters, *An Africa. - Common
they denote types of things. E.g. books, the table, a clock. - Collective
They are count nouns that even in singular form denote a group of people, things or animals. E.g. family, government, committee. They can go with either singular or plural verb forms. E.g. Her family live/lives in Manchester. VERBS MORPHOLOGY (form) - Inflectional morphology: forms for tense (present and past) e.g. he eats, he ate Non-tensed forms: infinitive or base form present participle (Ving) past participle (Ven) - Derivational morphology: verb-forming suffixes are –ise/ize, -ify. e.g. industrialise, falsify SYNTAX (function) - Lexical verbs function as H of VP. - VP functions as P at clause level. - Auxiliary verbs function as Auxiliary in VP Primary auxiliaries: be, have, do. Modal auxiliaries: can, may, will, shall, must… MEANING - actions or activities. Eg. Run, eat. - states and relationships. E.g. be, seem, resemble. - sensory perceptions. E.g. see, hear. - cognitive processes. E.g. think, believe.