¡Descarga linking words y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! Lan ua e reference Linking words for contrast We use these linking words to show contrast: although even though while whereas but however despite in spite of on the one hand, .. ' (on the other hand,) although, even though while and whereas • We use although, even though, while and whereas to put two contrasting ideas in one sentence: I didn't buy the dress although I thought it was beautiful. • They can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle, between the two contrasting ideas: It was late. She decided to phone him. ~ Although it was late, she decided to phone him. OR She decided to phone him although it was late. • When the sentence begins with although, even though, while or whereas, we separate the two parts with a comma. When these words are placed in the middle, the comma is optional: Berlin is a noisy city. My home village is quite peaceful. ~ While Berlin is a noisy city, my home village is quite peaceful. OR Berlin is a noisy city whereas my home village is quite peaceful. • even though is stronger than although: I didn't buy the car, even though I had the money ready in my pocket. but • but can be used to join two sentences. In this case, it is used in the middle of the sentence and it often follows a comma: We warned her, but she didn't pay any attention. • but can sometimes be used at the beginning of a new sentence: He likes romantic films. But don't tell anybody! =See also page 191: Using commas however • however normally starts a new sentence and refers to the sentence before. • It is usually followed by a comma: He decided to go out to the cinema. However, he didn't tell his family where he was going. desoite and in spite of • despite and in spite of mean 'without taking any notice c or being influenced by'; 'not prevented by': He got into the basketball team despite being quite short. She went swimming in spite of the cold weather. • They can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or the middle. They are followed by a noun or a verb + -ing • When used at the beginning of a sentence, a comma is also used to separate the two parts of the sentence: Despite working all day, Teresa didn't feel at all tired. We got to school on time in spite of the heavy traffic. on th~ one na'1d, .. (on the ott-er nand,) • on the one hand ... (on the other hand) normally start ne sentences and can be used to balance two contrasting ideas or points of view: I'm not sure whether to go to the seaside for my holidays this year. On the one hand, most of my friends are going. On the other hand, it's time to have a change and go somewhere different. • on the other hand can be used to introduce a contrasting idea even if you haven't used on the one hand: Doing sport can be a great way to relax. On the other hand, it can cause quite serious injuries. look, seem and appear We use these verbs to express our impressions of something or someone: I haven't talked to him very much, but he seems very intelligent. You still look tired, even if you have slept all night. We use these with the following patterns: look/seem/appear + adjective She looks very old. He seems hungry. Marga appeared tired. subject + look + as if + sentence The car looks as if it needs washing. You look as if you've had a bad day. it looks/seems/ appears + as if + sentence It looks as if the car needs washing. It seems as if you've had a bad day. seem/appear + infinitive The weather seems to have changed. She appeared to be crying. look/seem + like + noun He looks like my uncle. It may seem like an impossible task, but it isn't really. B
