list of gerunds or infinitives, Apuntes de Inglés

¡Descarga list of gerunds or infinitives y más Apuntes en PDF de Inglés solo en Docsity! 1 / 8 Infinitive or Gerund Infinitive Gerund Infinitive or gerund Indirect object + Infinitive Indirect object + gerund afford agree aim appear appoint arrange ask2 attempt battle be able beg2 campaign can’t afford can’t wait care chance choose2 claim compete condescend consent dare2 decide decline demand deserve desire determine elect2 encourage2 endeavor entitle expect2 fail fear fight grow guarantee happen help1+2 hesitate hold hope hurry incline2 intend2 know2 leap long manage motivate2 neglect offer omit acknowledge admit adore advise2 allow2 avoid anticipate appreciate avoid can’t face can’t help can’t stand commence complete consider contemplate defer delay deny detest discuss dislike2 dread enjoy entail evade fancy (=imagine) favor feel like find finish forbid2 imagine2 include involve keep (=continue) leave2 loathe mention mind (=object) miss necessitate permit2 postpone practice prohibit quit recall recollect recommend reject report require2 resent be3 begin bother can’t bear can’t stand cease come continue dread3 forget3 get3 go3 go on3 hate3 intend2 learn3 like3+2 love3 mean3 need3+2 neglect prefer3 propose3 (=in- tend) regret3 remember3 start3 stop2+3 teach3+2 try3 advise2 allow2 ask2 assume beg2 believe cause challenge choose2 command compel convince dare2 direct elect2 enable encourage2 expect2 forbid2 force get hear1 help2 hire incline2 instruct intend2 invite lead like2 know2 motivate2 need2 notice1 oblige order pay permit2 persuade prepare2 remind request require2 see1 send support suppose teach2 tell tempt trouble urge want2 warn bring catch dislike feel find hear1 imagine keep (=delay) leave notice1 picture prevent save see1 stop watch1 2 / 8 ought pay2 plan pledge prepare2 pretend proceed profess promise refuse remain resolve say seek seem strive struggle swear tend threaten turn out use venture volunteer vow wait want2 wish2 would hate2 would like2 would love2 would prefer2 yearn resist resume risk suggest tolerate understand watch1 wish2 would hate2 would like2 would love2 would prefer2 (1) Help can also be followed by the infinitive without ‘to’ with no difference in meaning. Hear, see, watch, notice (and similar verbs of perception) can be followed by object + infinitive (with- out to) or object + ing form. There is often a difference in meaning. An infinitive suggests that we hear or see the whole of an action or event. An -ing form suggests that we hear or see something in pro- gress, going on. (2) We can use an object with these verbs. Advise, allow, permit and forbid: In active clauses after these verbs, we use an -ing form if there is no object. If there is an object we use an infinitive. (3) Verbs followed by either the gerund or the infinitive with different meanings. Verbs with some changes in meaning: dread, hate, like, love, prefer. We often use a to-infinitive after these verbs to refer to a specified future event and the -ing form to refer to an activity currently in progress or existing in general. NOTES:  The bare infinitive is also used after let, make, feel, have, sometimes know.  After the modal auxiliary verbs will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, and must, we use the infinitive without to.  Always gerund: - After prepositions in phrasal verbs - In combination with adjective + preposition (‘be angry about’, ‘be familiar with’, ‘be scared of’,…) 5 / 8 favor I generally favor traveling by night, when the roads are quiet. feel like I feel like(having a nice cool glass of lemonade. find I find living in the city very stressful. finish Have you finished cleaning the kitchen? forbid The headmistress has forbidden singing in the corridors. imagine Can you imagine going for a picnic on the Moon? include Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf. involve The job involves traveling to Japan once a month. keep (=continue) Sam keeps e-mailing Jane even though she doesn’t reply. leave They left booking their holiday till the last minute. loathe I loathe doing housework. mention He mentioned going to that college. mind (=object) I don’t mind doing the washing up. miss I really miss chatting with you every day. necessitate The late arrival had necessitated her getting out of bed permit California doesn't permit fishing without a fishing license. postpone He postponed returning to Paris. practice Both of us don’t practice playing the piano any longer. prohibit The law prohibits smoking in restaurants. quit I want to quit smoking. recall Tom recalled using his credit card at the store. recollect He does not recollect seeing her at the party. recommend The principal recommended taking the examination a year early. reject Amanda rejected eating the soup because it was salty. report Witnesses reported seeing three people flee the scene. require The certificate requires completing two courses. resent He resents having to explain his work to other people. resist I can’t resist learning more and more English verbs. resume He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking. risk People shouldn’t risk riding a motorbike without wearing a helmet. suggest The weather was nice, so I suggested going for a walk by the river. tolerate I tolerated her talking. understand I understand her wanting to live alone and be independent. Infinitive or Gerund be My favorite water sport is wind-surfing. (The gerund behaves like a noun and describes an activity.) Our plan is to close the factory down next year. (Describes a complete event. It often describes a future event and is frequently used after words like ‘plan’, ‘aim’, ‘intention’, ‘decision’, ‘solution’) begin They all began talking at once. They all began to talk at once. He slowly began to understand the situation. (NOT began understanding) She is beginning to sing. (When "begin" is used in continuous tenses, an infinitive is used.) bother Jane didn’t bother doing the ironing. Jane didn’t bother to do the ironing. can’t bear I can't bear seeing people suffering. I can't bear to see people suffering. can’t stand Nancy can't stand working the late shift. Nancy can't stand to work the late shift. cease The government ceased providing free health care. The government ceased to provide free health care. come He came rushing over when I fell. Margot came to stay for a week as company for my mother while I was away. continue The audience continued asking questions. The audience continued to ask questions. dread I dread going to the dentist. (= whenever I go, I’m terrified) NOT: I dread to go… He dreaded to think about what has happened to him. (So I dare not to try.) NOT: I dread thinking… (Is sometimes used with infinitives such as "think" or "consider") 6 / 8 forget Have we really studied this topic before? I forget reading about it. ("to forget that you have done something.") I forgot to give my mum a call on her birthday. ("to forget that you need to do something.") get We’d better get moving - it’s late. (Is sometimes used informally to mean ‘start … ing’, esp in the expressions get moving, get going) We didn’t get to see her - she was too busy. (= manage, have an opportunity, or be al- lowed) You’ll get to speak English more easily as time goes by. (=can suggest gradual de- velopment) go I go shopping on weekends. / He goes fishing at weekends. (sport or activity) She went to meet Blake at the station. (=to move or travel) go on We went on talking all night. (= Continue doing the same thing.) After an unsuccessful first year at university, he went on to get a first-class de- gree. (= Move to sth different.) hate I hate spending so much money on gasoline. I hate to interrupt, but it's time we left. (= do not want) intend I intend telling her what I think. We intend to go to Australia next year. learn She goes to college twice a week to learn typing. She learned to read German at school, but she learned to speak it in Ger- many. (We use -ing: when we are referring to lessons or subjects of study. We use infinitives when we talk about the result of the study - about successfully learning a skill.) like I like going for a run before work. (a general, all-time preference) I like to go keep my desk tidy. (This is how I prefer to do things) love Don’t you just love taking a couple of days off work? We love to scuba dive. mean If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00. (= Involves) It was meant to be a secret. (= Intention) need The house needs cleaning. (It has a passive meaning. Sb needs to clean the house. It doesn’t matter who does it.) We can’t go out every weekend; we need to save money for our holiday. (It is necessary for us to do it.) neglect He neglected doing his daily chores. He neglected to do his daily chores. prefer I don’t go out much. I prefer to stay at home in the evenings. I don’t go out much. I prefer staying at home in the evenings. He prefers playing volleyball to swimming. I prefer to go on holiday rather than work in the office. propose How do you propose to complete the project in such a short time? (=intend) How do you propose tackling this problem? (=suggest) regret My brother regretted wasting his time when he was at university. British Airways regret to announce the cancellation of flight BA205 to Madrid. (Formal: Is sometimes used with infinitives such as "to inform.") remember Do you remember playing on the beach when you were a kid? (It means "to remember that you have done something.") She remembered to send a card to her grandmother. (It means "to remember that you need to do something.") start It started to rain. It started raining. It’s just starting to rain. (When "start" is used in continuous tenses, an infinitive is used.) I started to learn Russian, but it was so much work that I finally quit the class. (In other situations, an infinitive means that you did not complete or continue an action.) stop I stopped working when I was expecting a baby. I stopped to eat lunch. (The infinitive takes on the meaning of "in order to." teach Mr. Garland teaches skiing in the winter. I taught myself to type. (We use -ing: when we are referring to lessons or subjects of study. We use infinitives when we talk about the result of the study - about successfully learning a skill.) try She can't find a job. She tried looking in the paper, but there was nothing. 7 / 8 (It means to try or to experiment with different methods to see if something works. She tried eating the snake soup, but she didn't like it. (Is often used when you experiment with sth, but you do not really like it or want to do it again. She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn't even get off the ground. (You want to do sth, but you do not succeed in actually doing it.) Try not to wake the baby when you get up tomorrow at 5 AM. (An infinitive is also used if you are asking sb to try sth they may or may not be able to accom- plish.) Indirect object + Infinitive advise She advised me to see a doctor as soon as possible. allow Ireland doesn't allow people to smoke in bars. ask She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. assume We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent. beg She begged me to say nothing to her father. believe I believe her to be the finest violinist in the world. cause The bright light caused her to blink. challenge I challenge the Minister to deny these accusations. choose The firm's directors chose Emma to be the new production command The officer commanded his men to shoot. compel The law will compel employers to provide health insurance. convince Justin convinced me to take part in the game show. dare I dare you to ask him to dance. direct The judge directed the defendant to remain silent. elect The group elected one of their members to be their spokesperson. enable Only good teamwork will enable us to get the job done on time. encourage He encourages his patients to eat healthy foods. expect Do you expect your children to go to university? forbid My doctor has forbidden me to eat sugar. force You can't force her to make a decision. get Paul got Daragh to wash his car. hear I once heard Brendel play all the Beethoven concertos. help Can you help me put / to put up this tent? hire We hired a magician to entertain the children. incline His prejudice inclines him to overlook obvious facts. instruct She instructed him to wait. intend I don't think she intended me to hear the remark. invite Gail invited me to stay with her while her husband was out of town. lead The brochure led me to believe that the price included home delivery. like He likes his friends to call him Hank. know The authorities know him to be a cocaine dealer. motivate Teaching is all about motivating people to learn. need He needs him to call his boss. notice I noticed them come in. oblige The law obliges companies to pay decent wages to their employees. order The manager ordered the employees to complete the job on schedule. pay I think we'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down. permit2 The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password. persuade Clever salesmanship can persuade you to buy things you don't really want. prepare The teachers prepared the students to take the test. remind Please, remind me to text sally tomorrow; it’s her birthday. request The letter requested him to report to London. require The certificate requires students to complete two courses. see I saw Mary cross the road and disappear into the post office. (= I saw her cross it from one side to the other.) send We're sending the kids to stay with my parents for a couple of weeks. support We will always do our best to support our students to succeed. suppose We all supposed him to be German, but in fact, he was Swiss. teach Who taught you to cook?