características principales, Apuntes de Matemáticas

¡Descarga características principales y más Apuntes en PDF de Matemáticas solo en Docsity! Romanticism Es una lectura filosófica del individuo; se produce una reflexión sobre el sentido de la muerte. Este periodo continúa usando la imagen del gótico, pero añade un punto filosófico. It is the first revolutionary change in literature; we started questioning rationality as the only way to be; they also wanted to be irrational beings. It is a social movement that appeared all over Europe, but it did it differently. The many ones were the British (focused on the individuals and identity) & German. They are the basics. They worked as a way to understand life, because it appeared on politics, literature, paintings, music. When can we start talking about Romantic literature? The publications of Lyrical Ballads. (Coleridge and Wordsworth 1798) sets the beginning of this periods and we finish it with Lord Byron’s death (fighting for the independence of Greece). Gothic → Romanticism → Victorianism Characteristics They try to transform their revolutionary thought (French Revolution influence). To understand it we have to think on the historical events with how they write and a aesthetic definition. Cultural meaning in contemporary life Romanticism invents the radical hero (intellectual) that lead the basis. It is the philosophical analysis of everyday life. Characters now have to prove something, but they don’t, they were wider than they are now. El personaje como elemento único, conectado con la sociedad. The myth of the rebel poet as an isolated figure. They also started the role of intellectuals in society. The importance of the mind as an object of discourse studied with the uncertain influenced Freud. The importance of the individual mind and the psychic perception of the mind. 1798 1824 Why is it called like that? The name came later on, it was a Lord Byron’s concept. Victorians called it like that with a negative connotation (which is lost) It begins with Queen Victoria coronation in 1837. Between is a mixture made of both. Cultural influences Their writing is new (ex-nihilo), that statement is not actually true. They wanted the individual to look for an identity. Influences: - Popular art: Anglo-Saxon art and literature as an individualism or nationalism. - The sonnet as a key to writers, they used the same versification of the sonnet. - Gothic elements: Medieval and Exoticism to build a place not connected with real life, but not all of them have Gothic elements. All those elements connect with nature and individualism. Nature is as a religion. It seems to be the origin of everything, the materialisation of God in Earth. Even though some are atheists they see nature as a religion, some just think is God. Elements such as the metaphysical view of emotions and a connexion with nature. Five basic concepts to understand it Nature embodiment of the one, in religious terms, it becomes an inspiration. The imagination door is opened into the self. They are looking for the inner part of the poet; they need a process of self-introspection. They question the natural order or art and make it more philosophical. What is Romanticism? There are three main concepts: - Poetry: With the issue of poetic language. What does it represent and how? o Oppositions and dichotomies (two opposite concepts and usually one is positive and the other one negative). They define the way we think. The most important for them was: Rational / Irrational They don’t agree with halves. They found the rational, they felt as they were rational beings, but they felt that they didn’t belong there. They had the necessity to be irrational, against the rules. They wanted the whole. The irrational had not psychological conditions. Feelings and the unconscious part were involved, but in society they weren’t considered. It was badly seen. But there are more dichotomies: - Heaven/Earth - Soul/Body Positive “Cogito ergo sum” Negative The positive term is the religious one then he comes back to that place five years after (is an important place) and try to connect with nature for inspirate himself, but now he is no longer able to do it. - The river has a metaphorical and symbolic meaning: it moves you from one point to another, as memory does. - Nature and morality. Nature is like religion to him (“And what perceives…”). He is writing about himself, but he also wants to make a bridge to the future with Dorothy (to recover that creativity again). - Children as a Romantic inspiration (I see my capacity in you, what I was now is on you = the idea of memory as a house). The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Coleridge, 1798 It is a ballad composed of seven parts. The poem is a story of redemption, which has a clear religious meaning. It has the same idea that Wordsworth had, but here the protagonist is the storyteller, a guide (moral) from mankind. The poet decides who must hear his story, who is a sinner and needs to be able to be in peace. The story ends up in a wedding ceremony and he takes one of the guests. He went inside his own nightmare and God talked to him, so he wants to help God. Expeditions of the XVIII century. Is nature against him? They get stocked in the middle of the sea and an albatross is send as salvation, which is seen as God’s help in a difficult condition. The albatross that is sent as help to the manner is murdered by him, so he defeats nature and so God. Panic situation at the ship. The image is like a nightmare, is not realistic and full of Gothic elements. The redemption journey makes him understand and now he is trying to help others. Cultural reference (he was an intellectual): - Original title: The Ancient Marinere, a Poet’s Reverie. Mentioning himself as the poet is a way to be present, although is not autobiographic, is symbolic. He changed the title to transform the story into a universal of teaching that nature should be respected. - Intertextuality (more than one text, one inside another): o Dante’s Inferno (punishment of the descriptions) Intelectual (retomar el sustrato moral: “serás castigado si…”) o The Wandering Jew (a man is punished to wander throughout his life to find himself). - The use of language is complex, there are gothic images and XVIII century terminology (=jargen), plus a demonological literature (a fight for good and evil). - The versification is the same as in Shakespeare (a b a b) - The literary figures are Anglo-Saxon and northem + alliteration Kennings is an Icelandic saga where they use figurative language as a kind of metaphor for a woman who represents inner death = death in life. Alliteration is the repetition of sounds (Here we see how the final sound is the beginning of the next one as in the Beowulf). The levels of interpretation (THEY CAN BE APPLIED TO ALL TEXTS) - Literary level: to understand what the story is and be able to make a summary - Ethical level: moral meaning: what is teaching you (Mariner’s words) - Romantic level: historical - Apocalyptic level: it is related to a clear representation of the causes of good and evil (Spiritual meaning: God as the albatross and the evil when he kills it)