¡Descarga A Historical Overview of Ireland: From Early Settlement to Modern Times - Prof. García y más Apuntes en PDF de Idiomas solo en Docsity! CEX 6 The Making of Eire ».
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Ireland: a brief history Solve the riddle: Why do Dubliners dress up every 16 June? What was the original purpose of the Bank of Ireland building in Dublin? What is the meaning of the Irish flag? Why did Irishmen invade Canada in 1866? Watch the clip and explain: what is the problem? Ireland’s disputed identity The Hill of Tara (from Irish: Teamhair na Rí, "Hill of the King" or "Place of Assembly") was the ceremonial site of the Celtic high kings of Ireland, and the place where Saint Patrick is said to have used the shamrock to explain the mystery of the Trinity. Although it was abandoned in the 11th c., it remained a legendary spot in the Irish nationalist imagination. One iconic space becomes another: Tara as a symbol in Gone with the Wind. Celtic Arcadia: the Hill of Tara The Lia Fáil (Stone of Destiny) Marriage of Strongbow and Aoife (Daniel Maclise, 1854) (detail), National Gallery of Ireland. In 1167 Dermot McMurrough, king of Leinster, asked the Anglo-Normans for support against other Irish kings. Richard de Clare, ‘Strongbow’, a subject of the king of England, arrived in 1170, married the king’s daughter, and succeeded him to the throne a year later. The English began their gradual occupation. For the moment, English power, laws and customs were restricted to a fortified area around Dublin: the Pale. Language trivia: the English phrase ‘beyond the pale’, meaning ‘beyond the limits of acceptable behaviour’, originates in the English colonists’ view of the Irish as barbarous and uncivilised. c. 900 AD c. 1300 AD The Normans arrive The Age of the Ascendancy During the eighteenth century, the Irish Protestant Ascendancy ruled the country from their own Irish Parliament (now the Bank of Ireland) on College Green, next to Trinity College Dublin. The eighteenth century is the era of the classical Anglo-Irish authors: Jonathan Swift, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Oliver Goldsmith. The Anglo-Irish elite, and their later decadence, were portrayed in the ‘Big House’ novel genre, most famously by Maria Edgeworth. Watch The Story of Ireland, episode 2, minutes 26-32 The United Kingdom? In 1798 the secret society of the United Irishmen launched a revolution to establish an Irish republic, but it ended in massacre and defeat. In an attempt to restore stability and put an end to Irish disaffection, the Act of Union (1801) suppressed the Irish Parliament and created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Seamus Heaney: ‘Act of Union’ Under the Union, Catholic Irish nationalism developed around Daniel O’Connell (1775-1847) and the cultural nationalists of Young Ireland. In the early 1840s they launched a movement to Repeal the Act of Union and re-establish an Irish parliament. Thomas Davis: ‘A Nation Once Again’, version by the Dubliners. Famine and Nationalism In 1845 a fungus plague attacked the potato, which constituted the basic diet of the Irish rural poor. Between 1845 and 1849, about one million people died of starvation, and 2 million emigrated, mostly to the United States. The Great Famine brought radical changes to Irish economy, society and culture. But it also led to the resurgence of nationalism, both in Ireland and among the Irish-American Diaspora. From Famine lament to sports anthem: The Fields of Athenry In 1866, Irish-American nationalists (called Fenians) launched raids into Canada, hoping to start a war between Britain and the United States, and proclaim a republic in Ireland. They failed disastrously, but Irish-American involvement in Irish republican and nationalist causes persisted until the 20th century. The Story of Ireland, episode 2 fragment: The Famine 1916 to Independence On Easter Monday (24 April) 1916, Irish revolutionaries took the General Post Office on O’Connell Street and proclaimed the Irish Republic. They were defeated, but their subsequent execution turned them into martyrs and created massive support for independence. In 1921 the Anglo-Irish war concluded with a Treaty establishing the Irish Free State, and the Partition of Ulster. What is it but nightfall? No, no, not night but death. Was it needless death after all? For England may keep faith For all that is done and said. … I write it out in a verse — MacDonagh and MacBride And Connolly and Pearse Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born. Ulster Unionism The partition of Ulster was an inevitable consequence of the parallel growth of Irish nationalism and Ulster Unionism. Icons of Irish culture: the Irish writer W. B. Yeats, Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923, is only one example of the Irish contribution to the canon of Literature in English; the writer has an iconic status in Irish culture, with posters and museums dedicated to the great names. How much do you know about these writers? Why do Dubliners dress up every 16 June? The 1990s: peace and prosperity In the early 1990s negotiations began to find a solution to the Troubles. The IRA and loyalist paramilitaries declared ceasefires, and political talks were held among the Northern Irish parties, and between the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Finally in 1998 the Good Friday agreement was signed, giving Northern Ireland a new domestic parliament at Stormont (Belfast), on a power-sharing system: Decisions required the separate endorsement of a majority of nationalists and a majority of unionists. Meanwhile in the Republic, economic policies begun during the 1960s took off and gave rise to the Celtic Tiger phenomenon (c. 1995-2008),a period of unprecedented prosperity based on foreign investment and a construction bubble.
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Celtic Tiger Culture
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After the Celtic Tiger cheer-up video Overview article: Alan Ruddock, ‘How Ireland's economy went from boom to bust’ Ireland in Recession
