Understanding Knowledge Management Systems: Types, Functions, and Challenges, Exámenes selectividad de Análisis Musical

¡Descarga Understanding Knowledge Management Systems: Types, Functions, and Challenges y más Exámenes selectividad en PDF de Análisis Musical solo en Docsity! 175 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ Chapter 11 Managing Knowledge True-False Questions 1. Knowledge residing in the minds of employees that has not been documented is called explicit knowledge. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 432 2. Knowledge can reside in e-mail, voice mail, graphics, and unstructured documents as well as structured documents. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 432 3. Knowledge is universally applicable and easily moved. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 433 4. The CIO is a senior executive who is responsible for the firm’s knowledge management program. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 436 5. COPs are formal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 436 6. Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in informal documents. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 437–438 7. Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 438 8. Knowledge workers are primarily clerical and data workers who usually do not possess high levels of education. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 448 9. VRML is platform dependent, operates over a minicomputer, and requires large amounts of bandwidth. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 450 176 10. Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 451 11. Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 460 12. Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 452 13. Given their limitations, expert systems are seldom used for making discrete, highly structured decision-making situations. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 452 14. Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 455 15. Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 455 16. Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules. Answer: True Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 455 17. Fuzzy logic systems “learn” patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model’s own mistakes. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 455–457 18. Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 457–458 19. Intelligent agents are used only for specific, repetitive and predictable tasks. Answer: False Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 460 179 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ 30. Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called: a. communities of practice. b. communities of professionals. c. communities of interest. d. communities of knowledge. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 436 31. Which of the following are major types of knowledge management systems? a. Management information systems, decision support systems, and transaction processing systems. b. Enterprise systems, customer support systems, and supply chain management systems. c. Database management systems, expert systems, and knowledge work systems. d. Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques. Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 436 32. These are specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company: a. KWS b. LMS c. Wikis d. CAD systems Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 436 33. Fuzzy logic is a type of: a. data mining. b. neural network. c. intelligent technique. b. business intelligence. Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 437 34. A system for organizing formal documents and reports in a repository where it can be accessed throughout the organization best describes: a. database management system. b. expert system. c. structured knowledge system. d. neural network. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 438 180 35. Knowledge that already exists inside a firm in the form of formal reports or presentations is categorized as: a. structured knowledge. b. semistructured knowledge. c. tacit knowledge. d. unstructured knowledge. Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Reference: pp. 437–438 36. A collection of internal and external knowledge in a single location for more efficient management and utilization by the organization is called a: a. KWS. b. knowledge repository. c. document database. d. document management system. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 438 37. What management-oriented challenge did Stikeman Elliot face in building a successful KM system? a. Ensuring that everyone in the branches had access to the same resources b. Freeing up partners from client work in order to populate the database c. Ensuring that junior employees used the KM system d. Persuading senior partners from hoarding their personal experience Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 442 38. Once a knowledge taxonomy is developed, documents are all __________ with the proper classification. a. tagged b. linked c. tupled d. referenced Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 443 39. Which of the following is a collaboration tool used to support knowledge management systems? a. Blogs b. Wikis c. Social bookmarking d. All of the above Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Reference: pp. 445–447 181 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ 40. As discussed in the Interactive Session: Technology, what is one of the drawbacks to using social bookmarking within a corporate knowledge management system? a. Lack of standards in taxonomy b. Lack of integration with other products c. Lack of ability to categorize bookmarks d. Proliferation and duplication of bookmarks Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 446 41. Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes: a. investment workstation. b. organizational learning system. c. employee enrichment system. d. learning management system. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 447 42. Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on: a. office systems. b. schools and universities. c. imaging systems. d. data transferring systems. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 448 43. A ________________________ is very important to a knowledge worker’s system. a. careful filing system b. financial analysis system c. CAD capability d. user-friendly interface Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 449 44. _______________________________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed. a. Graphics programs b. Knowledge workstations c. Virtual simulators d. CAD stations Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 449 184 55. Forward chaining is: a. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. b. the programming environment of an expert system. c. a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. d. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 452 56. Backward chaining is: a. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. b. the programming environment of an expert system. c. a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. d. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 452 57. Which of the following is the expert system used by Countrywide Funding Corp. to make preliminary creditworthiness decisions on loan requests? a. AskMe b. EVAL c. CLUES d. CBR Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 454 58. Expert systems: a. solve problems too difficult for human experts. b. are based on DO WHILE rules. c. work in very limited domains. d. share characteristics with mainframe computing. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 454 185 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ 59. Analysis It is unlikely you could represent the knowledge in the Encyclopedia Britannica with an expert system because: a. there is no one expert who understands all the material contained within the encyclopedia. b. the knowledge changes radically over a short time. c. not all the knowledge in the encyclopedia can be represented in the form of IF-THEN rules. d. the knowledge is too general. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 454 Analysis in terms of appraise 60. Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of: a. policy development. b. classification. c. logic and control. d. high complexity. Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 455 61. Expert systems are expensive and time-consuming to maintain: a. because their rule base is so complex. b. because they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. c. because their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules d. because only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Reference: p. 455 62. In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics. a. CBR b. Fuzzy logic c. Data mining d. LMS Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 455 186 63. Evaluation You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is: a. case-based reasoning. b. artificial intelligence. c. fuzzy logic. d. expert system. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Reference: pp. 455–457 Evaluation in terms of choose 64. Hardware and software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describes: a. neural network. b. expert system. c. case-based reasoning. d. fuzzy logic. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 457 65. Genetic algorithms: a. develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation. b. represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. c. do not work for most problems. d. are based on logic. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 458–459 66. Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? a. Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. b. Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. c. Neural networks are programmed to “learn”. d. All of the above Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Reference: pp. 457–459 189 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ Essay Questions 81. Evaluate What is knowledge management? What types of knowledge might a company such as a taxi service have, and could a taxi service benefit from knowledge management? Knowledge management is the set of processes developed in an organization to create, gather, store, disseminate, and apply the firm’s knowledge. A taxi company’s knowledge might include explicit knowledge, such as maps and routes between destinations. Tacit knowledge would include the experience of drivers, such as the best alternate routes between destinations or passenger needs. A taxi service might benefit from a system that gave drivers guides on routes that included alternate routes drivers had found. It might benefit from a learning management system that trained drivers for locations, destinations, and alternate routes. Difficulty: Easy Reference: p. 434 Evaluate in terms of appraise 82. Synthesis Briefly outline the knowledge management chain as it might apply to the online catalog system of a public library. Steps in the knowledge management chain include:  Acquisition. For an online catalog of a library this would be getting the book data into digital format.  Storage. This would involve the systems for storing this data, perhaps a central server.  Dissemination. The library would need to determine how the card catalog information is accessed by the public or by staff.  Application. This would involve the card catalog becoming part of the library’s business processes. For example, the card catalog would be linked to a system of borrowing, so that users would know from the card catalog whether a book was out on loan.  Management and organizational activities. This would entail using the system with a card catalog base for other services, perhaps linking up to a wider library system to share resources, information, or book loaning between systems. Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 434 Synthesis in terms of model 190 83. Identify the three major types of knowledge management systems. Provide two examples of each. The major types of knowledge management systems are enterprise knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques. Enterprise knowledge management systems include: Structured knowledge systems, semistructured knowledge systems, learning management systems, and knowledge networks. Knowledge work systems include: Computer-aided design systems, virtual reality systems, and financial investment workstations. Intelligent techniques include: Data mining, expert systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid AI systems, and intelligent agents. Difficulty: Easy Reference: pp. 437–460 84. How can knowledge be gathered from the personal and undocumented expertise of professionals within a firm? List at least four ways to gather and disseminate such knowledge. The expertise and experience of firm employees can be gathered by documenting their experience through documenting best practices and frequently asked questions. You can also develop a referral system by providing a way for employees to find a company expert for the solution they are looking for. There is commercially available software for enterprise-wide knowledge network system, but other tools you can use include best-practices documents, FAQs, social bookmarking, collaboration tools, wikis, and blogs for helping gather and disseminate tacit knowledge. Difficulty: Medium Reference: pp. 444–445 191 http://iiqtisad.blogspot.com/ 85. Evaluation Why are knowledge workers so important to the digital firm? What are their functions and which of these do you feel is most critical to the success of the firm? Why? Student answers will vary, but should include an understanding of the three main functions of knowledge workers. An example answer is: Knowledge workers create new products or find ways to improve existing ones. Without them, the firm would stagnate and become less competitive in an environment that is always changing and is increasingly more competitive. In the modern economy, knowledge is truly power. The three major functions of knowledge workers are: keeping the organization up-to- date in knowledge as it develops in the external world; serving as internal consultants regarding their areas of knowledge and its opportunities; and acting as change agents as they evaluate, initiate, and promote new projects. The most important of these is to develop new knowledge as it applies to the making of products or services, as offering products and services is the mainstay of the corporation. Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 448 Evaluation in terms of judge 86. Identify three important qualities or capabilities of knowledge work systems. Knowledge work systems must give knowledge workers the specialized tools they need, such as powerful graphics, analytical tools, and communications and document-management tools. Knowledge work systems must provide a user-friendly interface to the KWS. These user- friendly interfaces save time by allowing the user to perform needed tasks and get to required information without having to spend a lot of time learning to use the computer. Knowledge work systems must be carefully designed to optimize the performance of the specific tasks of the pertinent knowledge worker. Difficulty: Medium Reference: pp. 448–449 87. Discuss the concept of virtual reality, especially with regard to VRML and its applications in the business arena. Virtual reality systems use interactive graphics software and hardware to create the illusion of reality in cyberspace. The original applications were in gaming, but new uses in education, science, and business are being developed and have great promise. Virtual reality applications are being developed for the Web using a standard called Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), which can organize multiple media types to put users in a simulated real-world environment. VRML is platform independent, operates over a desktop computer, and requires little bandwidth. DuPont’s HyperPlant is an example of a business application. HyperPlant allows users to go through three-dimensional models as if they were physically walking through a plant, which reduces errors during the construction of manufacturing structures. Difficulty: Medium Reference: p. 450