Phrasal verbs, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

¡Descarga Phrasal verbs y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 1 of 153 English Vocabulary Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed D.A. Wilkins, Linguistics in Language Teaching - Edward Arnold, 1972 English Idioms Idioms are fun and useful expressions that usually cannot be understood by defining the separate words. For example, if your host mother says, "I think it's time to hit the hay", she means, "I think it's bed-time"! You would not be able to understand her by looking up the words hit and hay. Like phrasal verbs, these expressions need to be memorized as a whole. Try visualizing them or drawing pictures when you study them. For example, draw a picture of a cow sleeping in some hay. The idiom out of the blue means "unexpectedly". Your teacher or homestay family will call you one smart cookie if you come up with an idiomatic expression like that when they least expect it! Most idioms don't seem to make any sense because their origins are so old. Some of them come from ancient literature or even classic films. Learning the background of idioms can help you to remember them. Try checking your dictionary or asking a teacher or native speaker if they know the origin. Remember, not all idioms are considered standard English. Some English-speaking regions use specific idioms that other native English speakers have never heard before. You can find information about most expressions by looking them up online. Try studying these idioms by learning one list at a time. Or, use these lists to help you when you come across an idiom you don't understand. One important thing to remember is that the subject of the idiom doesn't usually relate to the meaning. • Animal Idioms • Body Idioms • Colour Idioms • Clothing Idioms • Food Idioms • Geography and Weather Idioms • Sports Idioms After you study the idioms, try writing your own sentences with them. If you have studied hard enough, you will find that the quizzes are a piece of cake! Animal Idioms Idiom Meaning Example Sentence ants in one's pants unable to sit still or remain calm out of nervousness or excitement Lisa had ants in her pants the day before her interview. (the) birds and the bees sex education I learned about the birds and the bees when my baby brother was born. cat nap a short sleep I'm going to have a cat nap while you're cooking dinner. cat's got one's tongue said about someone who doesn't speak (usually due to shyness) It looks like the cat's got your tongue, Lucy. Are you always this quiet? English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 2 of 153 chicken out to decide not to do something out of fear (usually just before) I was going to take a ride on Geoff's motorcyle, but I chickened out when he gave me a helmet to wear. clam up become quiet suddenly Arthur clammed up when I asked him about his family. copy cat a person who does the same thing as someone else My sister is such a copy cat. First she bought the same car as me, and now she's applying to my school. dog days very hot days I sleep in the basement during the dog days of August. dropping like flies dying/giving up quickly My roses are dropping like flies in this early frost. eager beaver a person who is excited about doing certain work Ever since he got his new drill set my husband has been an eager beaver around the house. fishy odd, suspicious I knew something fishy was going on when I saw all of my friends' cars in my mom's driveway. have a cow get extremely upset (often over something minor) My teacher had a cow when she realized nobody had done the homework. hold your horses wait and be patient Hold your horses! I'll be done in the washroom in a minute. holy cow! Wow, I'm surprised! Holy cow! I can't believe you ate everything on your plate. horse around play roughly If you're going to horse around, please go outside. get the lion's share get the greatest percentage My aunt got the lion's share of the inheritance. in the dog house in trouble with another person I don't think Marsha is coming out tonight. She's still in the dog house for forgetting Aaron's birthday. kill two birds with one stone get two things done at once If you pick the groceries up when you drop George off for his shift, you will kill two birds with one stone. kitty corner diagonal direction The gas station is kitty corner to the library. let the cat out of the bag reveal a secret Who let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party? (a) little bird told me I heard something (usually secretive or unknown) from someone (not named) A little bird told me that you are thinking of quitting your job. make a beeline go straight for something My grandma made a beeline for the smoking room as soon as she got off the airplane. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 5 of 153 train their pets. (by the) skin of one's teeth just barely I passed my exam by the skin of my teeth. stick your neck out help someone a lot, with possible bad consequences for oneself I stuck my neck out for Bessie when she was thrown out of her house. sweet tooth a love of sugar or sweet things I need three spoonfuls of sugar in my tea. I have a sweet tooth. thick in the head not very intelligent I'm a bit thick in the head when it comes to reading a map. wash one's hands of something stop dealing with an issue or problem I'm washing my hands of Mary's addiction. She is going to have to get some professional help. Colour Idioms Idiom Meaning Example Sentence beet red dark red (usually to describe face) My sister's face turned beet red when I caught her singing in front of a mirror. black and blue bruised and beaten We found the poor guy black and blue near the train tracks. black and white straight forward, very clear The rules we gave the kids were black and white. No answering the phone or the door. black out faint I always black out at the sight of blood. black sheep the odd or bad member of the group My oldest brother was the black sheep in our family. He dropped out of school at fifteen. born with a silver spoon in one's mouth born into a rich family Keiko hasn't worked a day in her life. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. catch red handed catch someone in the act of doing something wrong or illegal The kids were caught red handed stealing chocolate bars. golden opportunity the perfect chance The models' conference was a golden opportunity for me to sell my beauty products. grass is always greener on the other side you always want what you don't have I always wanted to go to university, but now I wish I had time to get a job. Grass is always greener on the other side. grey area, gray area something without a clear rule or answer Writing personal email in the office is a grey area that needs to be discussed at the next meeting. the green light permission The builders were given the green light to begin English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 6 of 153 the tower. green with envy very jealous I am green with envy over Julio's new wardrobe. (have a) green thumb be skillful in the garden You can tell by her flower garden that Sheila has a green thumb. have the blues be sad or depressed I always have the the blues during the winter time. in the dark unaware Antoine left his wife in the dark about their honeymoon destination until they got to the airport. in the red in debt When we were in the red we almost had to sell the house. once in a blue moon very rarely We only go out for dinner once in a blue moon. out of the blue unexpectedly I got a phone call from a long lost cousin out of the blue last week. red tape official or bureaucratic tasks There is still some red tape to deal with in terms of the inheritance. red eye an airplane flight that takes off after midnight I caught the red eye so that I would see the sunrise over the mountains. roll out the red carpet treat someone like royalty When relatives come to town my grandmother rolls out the red carpet. rose coloured glasses unrealistic view Paula imagines Hollywood with rose coloured glasses. see red be very angry I saw red when that guy grabbed my sister's purse. tickled pink very pleased and appreciative My mom was tickled pink when my father brought roses home for her. true colours real self Suzanne doesn't show her true colours when we have guests over. white lie an innocent lie to protect another person's feelings We told Grandma that her cake was delicious, which was actually a white lie. with flying colours with distinction I passed my road test with flying colours. Clothing Idioms Idiom Meaning Example Sentence at the drop of a hat without needing any advance notice My Grandma will babysit for anyone at the drop of a hat. (have a) bee in one's bonnet something that is annoying someone Milan has had a bee in his bonnet all day, but he won't tell me what's wrong. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 7 of 153 below the belt beyond what is fair or socially acceptable His comment about Manfred's handicap was below the belt. bursting at the seams not fitting anymore I ate too much. I'm bursting at the seams in these jeans. caught with one's pants down unprepared My students caught me with my pants down on Monday. I forgot about the field trip. (have a) card up one's sleeve have a secret or reserve plan I think Josh has a card up his sleeve cause he wants me to wear a dress to the fast-food restaurant. buckle down work extra hard It's almost exam time, so I need to buckle down this weekend. burn a hole in one's pocket money that one is tempted to spend Let's go to the mall after school. There's a hundred dollar bill burning a hole in my pocket. dress to kill, dress to the nines dress in nice or sexy clothes My cousin was dressed to kill on her birthday. fit like a glove fit perfectly (tight to one's body) Anita's prom dress fits me like a glove. fine-tooth comb in great detail, extremely carefully The police looked for fingerprints with a fine-tooth comb. fly by the seat of one's pants do by instinct, not by plan I had never taught art to kids before. I had to fly by the seat of my pants. handle with kid gloves treat delicately Please handle my grandmother's tea set with kid gloves. Food Idioms Idiom Meaning Example Sentence apple of one's eye a person that is adored by someone Baby Jessica is the apple of her father's eye. (have a) bun in the oven be pregnant I don't think Jan will come to the bar because she has a bun in the oven. bad egg a person who is often in trouble I don't want my little brother hanging around with the bad eggs on the street. big cheese very important person (VIP) I thought I was just going to interview the secretary, but they let me talk to the big cheese himself. bread and butter necessities, the main thing Just explain the bread and butter of your report. You don't have to go into details. bring home the bacon earn the income My husband has had to bring home the bacon ever since I broke my leg. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 10 of 153 part-time job. go with the flow continue in the same way as others Nobody trained me at work. I just went with the flow. hit the hay go to sleep I'm exhausted. I think I'll hit the hay early tonight. hit the road leave It's getting late. We had better hit the road. keep one's head above water have just enough money to live It's hard to keep my head above water with all of these medical bills. know which way the wind blows know how things will turn out Who knows which way the wind will blow? I just hope Jesse gets one of the jobs he's applied for. make a mountain out of a molehill make a small problem seem big The car only got a tiny dent. You're making a mountain out of a molehill. out of the woods clear of danger The doctor said my heart is doing better, but I'm not out of the woods yet. over the hill past middle age I knew I was over the hill when I started needing glasses to read. rain on someone else's parade ruin somebody else's happiness Whenever I had a dance recital, my older brother always rained on my parade. stick-in-the-mud a loner or person who won't join in They didn't bother inviting Charles to the party because he's alway a stick-in-the-mud. (as) quick as lightning very fast Wow! Your shower was as quick as lightning. the tip of the iceberg a small part of a large problem The lost tickets were just the tip of the iceberg. take a raincheck accept at a later date I'd love to go out for dinner, but can I take a raincheck? under the weather ill I was feeling under the weather so I went back to bed. up the creek in trouble If my Dad finds out I had a party I'll be up the creek. win by a landslide win by a lot of points The skiier in the green coat won by a landslide. (get) wind of something overhear something about someone or something (often gossip) My Dad has a new girlfriend. I got wind of it over dinner tonight. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 11 of 153 Phrasal Verbs List This is a list of about 200 common phrasal verbs, with meanings and examples. Phrasal verbs are usually two- word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb + preposition. Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you come across them, rather than trying to memorize many at once. Use the list below as a reference guide when you find an expression that you don't recognize. The examples will help you understand the meanings. If you think of each phrasal verb as a separate verb with a specific meaning, you will be able to remember it more easily. Like many other verbs, phrasal verbs often have more than one meaning. As well as learning their meanings, you need to learn how to use phrasal verbs properly. Some phrasal verbs require a direct object (someone/something), while others do not. Some phrasal verbs can be separated by the object, while others cannot. Review the grammar lesson on phrasal verbs from time to time so that you don't forget the rules! Most phrasal verbs consist of two words, but a few consist of three words, which always stay together. Verb Meaning Example ask someone out invite on a date Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a movie. ask around ask many people the same question I asked around but nobody has seen my wallet. add up to something equal Your purchases add up to $205.32. back something up reverse You'll have to back up your car so that I can get out. back someone up support My wife backed me up over my decision to quit my job. blow up explode The racing car blew up after it crashed into the fence. blow something up add air We have to blow 50 balloons up for the party. break down stop functioning (vehicle, machine) Our car broke down at the side of the highway in the snowstorm. break down get upset The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died. break something down divide into smaller parts Our teacher broke the final project down into three separate parts. break in force entry to a building Somebody broke in last night and stole our stereo. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 12 of 153 break into something enter forcibly The firemen had to break into the room to rescue the children. break something in wear something a few times so that it doesn't look/feel new I need to break these shoes in before we run next week. break in interrupt The TV station broke in to report the news of the president's death. break up end a relationship My boyfriend and I broke up before I moved to America. break up start laughing (informal) The kids just broke up as soon as the clown started talking. break out escape The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren't looking. break out in something develop a skin condition I broke out in a rash after our camping trip. bring someone down make unhappy This sad music is bringing me down. bring someone up raise a child My grandparents brought me up after my parents died. bring something up start talking about a subject My mother walks out of the room when my father brings up sports. bring something up vomit He drank so much that he brought his dinner up in the toilet. call around phone many different places/people We called around but we weren't able to find the car part we needed. call someone back return a phone call I called the company back but the offices were closed for the weekend. call something off cancel Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancé. call on someone ask for an answer or opinion The professor called on me for question 1. call on someone visit someone We called on you last night but you weren't home. call someone up phone Give me your phone number and I will call you up when we are in town. calm down relax after being angry You are still mad. You need to calm down before you drive the car. not care for someone/something not like (formal) I don't care for his behaviour. catch up get to the same point as someone else You'll have to run faster than that if you want to catch up with Marty. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 15 of 153 unattached was only 35. figure something out understand, find the answer I need to figure out how to fit the piano and the bookshelf in this room. fill something in to write information in blanks (Br.E.) Please fill in the form with your name, address, and phone number. fill something out to write information in blanks (N.Amer.) The form must be filled out in capital letters. fill something up fill to the top I always fill the water jug up when it is empty. find out discover We don't know where he lives. How can we find out? find something out discover We tried to keep the time of the party a secret, but Samantha found it out. get something across/over communicate, make understandable I tried to get my point across/over to the judge but she wouldn't listen. get along/on like each other I was surprised how well my new girlfriend and my sister got along/on. get around have mobility My grandfather can get around fine in his new wheelchair. get away go on a vacation We worked so hard this year that we had to get away for a week. get away with something do without being noticed or punished Jason always gets away with cheating in his maths tests. get back return We got back from our vacation last week. get something back receive something you had before Liz finally got her Science notes back from my room-mate. get back at someone retaliate, take revenge My sister got back at me for stealing her shoes. She stole my favourite hat. get back into something become interested in something again I finally got back into my novel and finished it. get on something step onto a vehicle We're going to freeze out here if you don't let us get on the bus. get over something recover from an illness, loss, difficulty I just got over the flu and now my sister has it. get over something overcome a problem The company will have to close if it can't get over the new regulations. get round to something finally find time to do (N.Amer.: get I don't know when I am going to get English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 16 of 153 around to something) round to writing the thank you cards. get together meet (usually for social reasons) Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend. get up get out of bed I got up early today to study for my exam. get up stand You should get up and give the elderly man your seat. give someone away reveal hidden information about someone His wife gave him away to the police. give someone away take the bride to the altar My father gave me away at my wedding. give something away ruin a secret My little sister gave the surprise party away by accident. give something away give something to someone for free The library was giving away old books on Friday. give something back return a borrowed item I have to give these skates back to Franz before his hockey game. give in reluctantly stop fighting or arguing My boyfriend didn't want to go to the ballet, but he finally gave in. give something out give to many people (usually at no cost) They were giving out free perfume samples at the department store. give something up quit a habit I am giving up smoking as of January 1st. give up stop trying My maths homework was too difficult so I gave up. go after someone follow someone My brother tried to go after the thief in his car. go after something try to achieve something I went after my dream and now I am a published writer. go against someone compete, oppose We are going against the best soccer team in the city tonight. go ahead start, proceed Please go ahead and eat before the food gets cold. go back return to a place I have to go back home and get my lunch. go out leave home to go on a social event We're going out for dinner tonight. go out with someone date Jesse has been going out with Luke English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 17 of 153 since they met last winter. go over something review Please go over your answers before you submit your test. go over visit someone nearby I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think I'll go over for an hour or two. go without something suffer lack or deprivation When I was young, we went without winter boots. grow apart stop being friends over time My best friend and I grew apart after she changed schools. grow back regrow My roses grew back this summer. grow up become an adult When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman. grow out of something get too big for Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes because she has grown out of her old ones. grow into something grow big enough to fit This bike is too big for him now, but he should grow into it by next year. hand something down give something used to someone else I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin. hand something in submit I have to hand in my essay by Friday. hand something out to distribute to a group of people We will hand out the invitations at the door. hand something over give (usually unwillingly) The police asked the man to hand over his wallet and his weapons. hang in stay positive (N.Amer., informal) Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job very soon. hang on wait a short time (informal) Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes! hang out spend time relaxing (informal) Instead of going to the party we are just going to hang out at my place. hang up end a phone call He didn't say goodbye before he hung up. hold someone/something back prevent from doing/going I had to hold my dog back because there was a cat in the park. hold something back hide an emotion Jamie held back his tears at his grandfather's funeral. hold on wait a short time Please hold on while I transfer you to the Sales Department. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 20 of 153 thing the driveway. run over/through something rehearse, review Let's run over/through these lines one more time before the show. run away leave unexpectedly, escape The child ran away from home and has been missing for three days. run out have none left We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash my hair with soap. send something back return (usually by mail) My letter got sent back to me because I used the wrong stamp. set something up arrange, organize Our boss set a meeting up with the president of the company. set someone up trick, trap The police set up the car thief by using a hidden camera. shop around compare prices I want to shop around a little before I decide on these boots. show off act extra special for people watching (usually boastfully) He always shows off on his skateboard sleep over stay somewhere for the night (informal) You should sleep over tonight if the weather is too bad to drive home. sort something out organize, resolve a problem We need to sort the bills out before the first of the month. stick to something continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing You will lose weight if you stick to the diet. switch something off stop the energy flow, turn off The light's too bright. Could you switch it off. switch something on start the energy flow, turn on We heard the news as soon as we switched on the car radio. take after someone resemble a family member I take after my mother. We are both impatient. take something apart purposely break into pieces He took the car brakes apart and found the problem. take something back return an item I have to take our new TV back because it doesn't work. take off start to fly My plane takes off in five minutes. take something off remove something (usually clothing) Take off your socks and shoes and come in the lake! take something out remove from a place or thing Can you take the garbage out to the street for me? English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 21 of 153 take someone out pay for someone to go somewhere with you My grandparents took us out for dinner and a movie. tear something up rip into pieces I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and gave them back to him. think back remember (often + to, sometimes + on) When I think back on my youth, I wish I had studied harder. think something over consider I'll have to think this job offer over before I make my final decision. throw something away dispose of We threw our old furniture away when we won the lottery. turn something down decrease the volume or strength (heat, light etc) Please turn the TV down while the guests are here. turn something down refuse I turned the job down because I don't want to move. turn something off stop the energy flow, switch off Your mother wants you to turn the TV off and come for dinner. turn something on start the energy, switch on It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights on. turn something up increase the volume or strength (heat, light etc) Can you turn the music up? This is my favourite song. turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we put posters up all over the neighbourhood. try something on sample clothing I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't think they will fit. try something out test I am going to try this new brand of detergent out. use something up finish the supply The kids used all of the toothpaste up so we need to buy some more. wake up stop sleeping We have to wake up early for work on Monday. warm someone/something up increase the temperature You can warm your feet up in front of the fireplace. warm up prepare body for exercise I always warm up by doing sit-ups before I go for a run. wear off fade away Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party. work out exercise I work out at the gym three times a week. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 22 of 153 work out be successful Our plan worked out fine. work something out make a calculation We have to work out the total cost before we buy the house. Say or Tell? Say and tell have similar meanings. They both mean to communicate verbally with someone. But we often use them differently. The simple way to think of say and tell is: • You say something • You tell someone something You say something You tell someone something Ram said that he was tired. Ram told Jane that he was tired. Anthony says you have a new job. Anthony tells me you have a new job. Tara said: "I love you." Tara told John that she loved him. But, of course, it is not always so easy. Here are a few rules to help you. Personal object We usually follow tell with a personal object (the person that we are speaking to). We usually use say without a personal object: • She told me that she loved John. • She said that she loved John. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 25 of 153 Interjections Hi! That's an interjection. :-) "Interjection" is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written. Here are some interjections with examples: interjection meaning example expressing pleasure "Ah, that feels good." expressing realization "Ah, now I understand." expressing resignation "Ah well, it can't be heped." ah expressing surprise "Ah! I've won!" alas expressing grief or pity "Alas, she's dead now." expressing pity "Oh dear! Does it hurt?" dear expressing surprise "Dear me! That's a surprise!" asking for repetition "It's hot today." "Eh?" "I said it's hot today." expressing enquiry "What do you think of that, eh?" expressing surprise "Eh! Really?" eh inviting agreement "Let's go, eh?" er expressing hesitation "Lima is the capital of...er...Peru." expressing greeting "Hello John. How are you today?" hello, hullo expressing surprise "Hello! My car's gone!" calling attention "Hey! look at that!" hey expressing surprise, joy etc "Hey! What a good idea!" hi expressing greeting "Hi! What's new?" hmm expressing hesitation, doubt or disagreement "Hmm. I'm not so sure." expressing surprise "Oh! You're here!" expressing pain "Oh! I've got a toothache." oh, o expressing pleading "Oh, please say 'yes'!" English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 26 of 153 ouch expressing pain "Ouch! That hurts!" uh expressing hesitation "Uh...I don't know the answer to that." uh-huh expressing agreement "Shall we go?" "Uh-huh." um, umm expressing hesitation "85 divided by 5 is...um...17." expressing surprise "Well I never!" well introducing a remark "Well, what did he say?" English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 27 of 153 Irregular Adjectives (comparative, superlative) The regular way to make comparative/superlative adjectives is to add -er/-est or to use more/most. A small number of adjectives, however, are irregular and some of these can be regular or irregular. The most important ones are listed here: Adjective Comparative Superlative Example good better the best irregular Tara is the best athlete in the school. well (healthy) better the best irregular He is still in hospital, but he is better than he was last week. bad worse the worst irregular You are the worst driver I have ever known. far further the furthest irregular My house is the furthest one. far farther the farthest regular My house is the farther one. old (people in a family) elder the eldest irregular Ram is my elder brother. old (general use) older the oldest regular Your teacher is older than my teacher. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 30 of 153 post- after in time or order postpone pre- before in time, place, order or importance pre-adolescent, prelude, precondition favouring, in support of pro-African acting for proconsul motion forwards or away propulsion pro- before in time, place or order prologue re- again repaint, reappraise, reawake semi- half, partly semicircle, semi-conscious at a lower position submarine, subsoil lower in rank sub-lieutenant sub- also suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-, sus- nearly, approximately sub-tropical syn- also sym- in union, acting together synchronize, symmetry across, beyond transnational, transatlantic trans- into a different state translate beyond ultraviolet, ultrasonic ultra- extreme ultramicroscopic not unacceptable, unreal, unhappy, unmanned un- reversal or cancellation of action or state unplug, unmask beneath, below underarm, undercarriage lower in rank undersecretary under- not enough underdeveloped A prefix goes at the beginning of a word. A suffix goes at the end of a word. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 31 of 153 English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 32 of 153 Other Contractions Here are some more examples showing some very common contractions. It is possible, and common, to contract three words, for example: I'd've thought so = I would have thought so. Informal Contractions > Short form Long form Example here's here is Here's your meal. there'll there will There'll be nobody here tomorrow. there's there is There's a taxi! that's that is That's my car! that'll that will That'll be $10, please. how's how is? How's your wife? what'll what will? What'll people think? what's what is? What's the matter? when's when is? When's the wedding? where's where is? Where's the cinema? who's who is? Who's your teacher? who'd who would? Who'd like ice-cream? who'll who will? Who'll be there? English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 35 of 153 Illustrated Vocabulary - Clothes coat trousers (UK) pants (US) hat casual jacket jacket shorts cap sports jacket jacket dress tie necktie jumper skirt bow tie shirt pants panties socks tee-shirt bra brassiere shoes waistcoat dressing gown trainers English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 36 of 153 Illustrated Vocabulary - Clothing Accessories hair ribbon scarf wallet glasses ring purse sun glasses bracelet handbag ear-rings belt keys necklace watch umbrella English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 37 of 153 Illustrated Vocabulary - Transport bicycle, bike van submarine motorbike, motorcycle lorry (UK), truck (US) balloon car (UK), auto, automobile (US) train plane, airplane bus ship helicopter Computer Vocabulary Anti-virus software - A program that finds and removes viruses from a computer. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 40 of 153 WYSIWIG - 'What You See Is What You Get.' With a WYSIWIG program, if you print a document it looks the same on paper as it looks on the screen. Computers 1 application n. a program dedicated to a specific task [eg: word processing, graphics etc] 2 bit n. binary digit, the basic binary unit for storing data, either 0 or 1 - see byte 3 buffer n. an area in memory used for temporary storage [eg: rapid input from keyboard] 4 byte n. 8 bits - kilobyte (approx. 1,000 bytes), megabyte (1 million), gigabyte (1 billion) 5 Email n. electronic mail; system of sending messages through the internet; e-mail 6 floppy disk n. small, removable magnetic disc for (permanent) storing of data; diskette 7 hard disk n. fixed, magnetic disc inside a PC for (permanent) storing of data 8 hardware n. the mechanical and electronic parts of a computer, not the software 9 input n. data entered into a computer (by keyboard, floppy disk etc) - also v. 10 keyboard n. the alphanumeric keys or buttons used to input data [QWERTY = 1st 5 keys] 11 memory n. part of a computer for (temporary) storing of data - see ram 12 modem n. device that converts data to a form that can be transmitted by telephone etc 13 operating system n. software that communicates with hardware, enabling applications to run 14 output n. data delivered by a computer (by printer, screen etc) - also v. 15 peripheral n. equipment linked to a computer [eg: printer, scanner, modem, mouse etc] 16 program n. software that contains coded instructions to control a computer - also v. 17 RAM abbr. random access memory [it goes away when one switches off] 18 screen n. the surface area of the visual display unit on which the image is formed 19 software n. the programs, routines etc for a computer, not the hardware 20 WYSIWYG abbr. What You See Is What You Get [data prints out exactly as on the screen] English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 41 of 153 Football Vocabulary Football or soccer? Football refers to any of several games played with an inflated leather ball by two teams on a field with a goal at each end. The most common forms of football are: Rugby Football; American Football; Association Football—also known as soccer from (as)soc(iation football). The vocabulary on this page is for Soccer, the form most closely related to the original and the form played in the FIFA World Cup. attack to make a forceful attempt to score a goal attacker a player that has possession of the ball away game a game played at the opponent's ground away team the team that is visiting the opponent's ground beat to defeat bench a long seat for several people captain the player who leads and directs the other players on the field centre circle a circular marking in the centre of the field from which kickoffs are taken champions a team that has beaten all other teams in a sporting contest championship a sporting contest for the position of champion changing rooms the rooms where players dress to play cheer to shout in encouragement and give support corner kick a restart of the game where the ball is kicked from one of the four corners of the field cross a pass from an attacking player near the sideline to a team player in the middle or on the opposite side of the field (also a verb) crossbar the horizontal beam across the top of a goal defend to resist an attack defenders the players that do not have possession of the ball draw a game that ends with both teams having the same number of goals dropped ball a way of restarting the game where the referee drops the ball between two players equalizer a goal that makes the score even (the same for both teams) extra time a further period of play added on to the game if the scores are equal field the rectangular, grass area where a game is played field markings the straight and curved white lines painted onto the field English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 42 of 153 FIFA Federation Internationale de Football Association; the official body of international football FIFA World Cup a solid gold statue given to the champion of each World Cup tournament to keep for the next 4 years first half the first 45 minutes of the game, before half-time fit in form, in good health fixture a game played on a particular date fixture list a programme of games forward one of the three or four players on a team who play at the front and are responsible for most of the scoring foul an unfair or invalid piece of play, against the rules free kick a kick given to a player for a foul by the opposition; the player kicks the ball without any opposing players within ten feet of him friendly game a game that is not part of a serious contest goal 1. a ball that crosses the goal line between the goalposts and below the crossbar, winning one point 2. the structure consisting of two posts linked by a crossbar into which all goals are scored goal area the rectangular area 20 yards wide by 6 yards deep in front of each goal goal kick a way of restarting the game where the ball is kicked from inside the goal area away from the goal goal line the boundary or line at each end of the field goalkeeper, goalie the player in front of the goal who tries to stop the other team scoring goalpost one of the two upright posts of the goal, 8 feet high goal scorer a player who puts the ball into the goal and so "scores a goal" ground the place where a game is played half-time the 5-minute rest period between the first half and second half hand ball a foul, when a player touches the ball with his arm or hand header the striking of the ball by a player with his head home a team's own ground. hooligan a violent troublemaker injury a wound suffered by a player (for example: broken leg, sprained ankle) English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 45 of 153 behaviour whistle the instrument that the referee blows to create a loud, high-pitched sound winger a forward who plays to the side of the striker or strikers World Cup the international soccer competition between nations, organized by FIFA every 4 years yellow card a small card, yellow in colour, that the referee holds up to warn a player for bad behavior Christmas Vocabulary advent the arrival of someone or something important Advent the coming (or second coming) of Jesus Christ; the month leading up to Christmas angel a spiritual being acting as a messenger of God (usually shown as a human being with wings) berry a small round fruit Bethlehem the small town in the Middle East believed to be the birthplace of Jesus Christ candle a cylinder of wax with a central wick (like string) which burns to produce light chimney a vertical pipe in a house that allows smoke and gases to escape from a fireplace (Father Christmas traditionally enters a house through its chimney) Christ the title of Jesus (also used as His name) Christian a person who believes in Christianity; also an adjective Christianity the religion based on the teachings and person of Jesus Christ Christmas the annual Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ (Christmas Day is on 25 December) Christmas cake a rich fruit cake covered with white icing, eaten at Christmas Christmas card a greetings card that people send to friends and family at Christmas Christmas carol a religious song or popular hymn that people sing at Christmas Christmas Day 25 December, the birthday of Jesus Christ Christmas Eve the evening or day before Christmas Day (24 December) Christmas the holiday period for about a week before and after Christmas Day English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 46 of 153 holidays Christmas present a gift or present given at Christmas Christmas tree an evergreen tree (often a spruce) that people decorate with lights and ornaments at Christmas cracker a decorated paper tube that makes a sharp noise ("crack!") and releases a small toy when two people pull it apart decoration something that adds beauty; ornament egg-nog a traditional Christmas drink made of alcohol with beaten eggs and milk Father Christmas an imaginary being who brings presents for children on the night before Christmas Day (also known as Santa Claus) - traditionally an old man with a red suit and white beard fireplace a partly enclosed space in a house where people light a fire for warmth frankincense a gum used for incense, one of the gifts that the three wise men gave to Jesus gold a yellow precious metal, one of the gifts that the three wise men gave to Jesus holly an evergreen plant with prickly dark green leaves and red berries Jesus the name of Christ, the central figure of Christianity (believed by Christians to be the Son of God) Joseph the husband of Mary (the mother of Jesus) magi the wise men from the East who brought gifts for the baby Jesus manger a trough for food for horses or cattle (used by Mary as a cradle or bed for Jesus) Mary the mother of Jesus mistletoe a parasitic plant with white berries, traditionally used as a Christmas decoration myrrh a gum used for perfume or incense, one of the gifts that the three wise men gave to Jesus nativity the birth of a person the Nativity the birth of Jesus Christ nativity play a play that people perform at Christmas based on the birth of Jesus new year the start of a year; the period just before and after 1 January New Year's Day 1 January New Year's Eve 31 December ornament an object that adds beauty to something; a decoration present a thing given to somebody as a gift. reindeer a deer with large antlers found in some cold climates (believed to pull the sleigh for Santa Claus or Father Christmas) English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 47 of 153 Santa Claus an imaginary being who brings presents for children on the night before Christmas Day (also known as Father Christmas) - traditionally an old man with a red suit and white beard shepherd a person who looks after sheep sleigh a sledge or light cart on runners pulled by horses or reindeer over snow and ice snow water vapour from the sky that falls as white flakes and covers the ground star a bright point in the night sky which is a large, distant incandescent body like the sun the star of Bethlehem the star that announced the birth of Jesus and guided the wise men to find Him tinsel a decoration consisting of thin strips of shiny metal foil, traditionally used at Christmas turkey a bird like a large chicken, traditionally eaten at Christmas white Christmas a Christmas with snow on the ground Xmas abbreviation or informal term for Christmas Christmas Expressions • Merry Christmas! • Happy Christmas • Happy New Year! • Wishing you a prosperous New Year • All the best for the coming year English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 50 of 153 naughts and crosses tick-tack-toe tic-tack-toe pants shorts shorts pavement sidewalk, pavement sidewalk petrol gas, gasoline gas, gasoline The Plough Big Dipper Big Dipper pocket money pocket money allowance post mail, post mail postbox mailbox, post-box mailbox postcode postal code zip code postman mailman, letter carrier mailman pub bar, pub bar public toilet bathroom rest room puncture flat flat railway railway railroad return (ticket) return round-trip reverse charge collect call, reverse the charges call collect ring road ring road beltway road surface road surface, asphalt pavement roundabout roundabout traffic circle rubber eraser eraser rubbish garbage, trash, refuse garbage, trash rubbish-bin garbage can, trashcan garbage can, trashcan saloon (car) sedan (car) sedan (automobile) shop shop, store store single (ticket) one-way (ticket) one-way solicitor lawyer attorney somewhere somewhere someplace spanner wrench wrench spirits spirits hard liquor sweets candy, sweets candy English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 51 of 153 tap (indoors) tap (indoors) faucet tap (outdoors) tap (outdoors) spigot taxi taxi cab tea-towel dish-towel dish-towel telly, TV TV TV third-party insurance third-party insurance liability insurance timetable schedule schedule tin tin can can toll motorway toll highway turnpike torch flashlight flashlight trousers pants pants tube (train) subway, metro subway underground (train) subway, metro subway underpants shorts shorts van truck truck vest undershirt undershirt waistcoat vest vest wallet wallet billfold wellington boots rubber boots rubbers whisky whisky, scotch whiskey, scotch windscreen windshield windshield zip zipper zipper English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 52 of 153 English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 55 of 153 Air Travel 1 aisle n. corridor in aeroplane between the seats [there are usually one or two] 2 baggage claim n. place where passengers go to find their luggage (cases etc) at the end of a flight 3 board v. to get on or enter an aeroplane - on board adv. 4 boarding pass n. special ticket showing that passenger has checked in and may board plane 5 check in v. to register for a flight, inc. checking of tickets, passports, luggage etc - also n. 6 confirmation n. passenger’s telephone validation of return reservation; reconfirmation 7 departures board n. large display in airport showing times, destinations etc of departing flights 8 domestic adj. national, not international [a domestic flight is entirely within one country] 9 duty free adj. [of products: cigarettes, perfume etc] not taxable; exempt from customs taxes 10 excess baggage n. luggage that is more than the permitted or allowed weight 11 flight n. an aeroplane scheduled to fly a certain route at a certain time 12 gate n. the point in an airport at which a particular flight arrives and departs 13 hand luggage n. light bags, briefcases etc that may be carried on board by passengers 14 IATA abbr. International Air Transport Association 15 immigration officer n. government official responsible for checking passengers’ passports 16 jet lag n. extreme tiredness etc after a long flight between extreme time zones 17 runway n. the strip on which planes land and take off 18 stopover n. a break for a day or two on an international flight 19 ticket n. receipt for transportation etc. An air ticket has one coupon for each journey 20 transit n. A transit passenger is one stopping at an airport that is not his destination English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 56 of 153 Banking 1 balance n. the difference between credits and debits in an account 2 bank charges n. money paid to a bank for the bank’s services etc 3 branch n. local office or bureau of a bank 4 checkbookUS n. book containing detachable checks; chequebookUK 5 checkUS n. written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from one’s account; chequeUK 6 credit n. money in a bank a/c; sum added to a bank a/c; money lent by a bank - also v. 7 credit card n. (plastic) card from a bank authorising the purchasing of goods on credit 8 current account n. bank a/c from which money may be drawn at any time; checking accountUS 9 debit n. a sum deducted from a bank account, as for a cheque - also v. 10 deposit account n. bank a/c on which interest is paid; savings accountUS 11 fill inUK v. to add written information to a document to make it complete; to fill outUS 12 interest n. money paid for the use of money lent - interest rate n. 13 loan n. money lent by a bank etc and that must be repaid with interest - also v. 14 overdraft n. deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is paid in 15 pay in v. [paid, paid] to deposit or put money in to a bank account 16 payee n. person to whom money is paid 17 paying-in slip n. small document recording money that you pay in to a bank account 18 standing order n. an instruction to a bank to make regular payments 19 statement n. a record of transactions in a bank account 20 withdraw v. [-drew, -drawn] to take money out of a bank account - withdrawal n. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 57 of 153 Company Structure 1 Accounts Dept. n. department responsible for administering a company’s financial affairs 2 A.G.M.UK abbr. Annual General Meeting of a company’s shareholders 3 board of directors n. a group of people chosen to establish policy for and direct or control a company 4 chairmanUK n. person who heads a Board of Directors; head of a company; chairperson 5 director n. a member of the board of directors 6 executive officerUS n. person who manages the affairs of a corporation - chief executive officer n. 7 headquarters n. a company’s principal or main office or centre of control 8 manager n. person responsible for day-to-day running of a dept.; executive officerUS 9 managing directorUK n. senior director after the chairman responsible for day-to-day direction 10 Marketing Dept. n. dept. responsible for putting goods on market, inc. packaging, advertising etc 11 organisation chart n. a table or plan showing a company’s structure graphically 12 Personnel Dept. n. department responsible for recruitment and welfare of staff or employees 13 presidentUS n. the highest executive officer of a company; head of a company 14 Production Dept. n. department responsible for physical creation of product 15 Purchasing Dept. n. department responsible for finding and buying everything needed by a company 16 R & D Department n. department responsible for Research and Development of (new) products 17 reception n. the place where visitors and clients report on arrival at a company 18 Sales Department n. department responsible for finding customers and making sales 19 shareholder n. person who holds or owns shares in or a part of a company or corporation 20 vice presidentUS n. any of several executive officers, each responsible for a separate division English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 60 of 153 CV/Resume 1 background n. the whole of one's education, training and experience 2 bi-lingual adj. able to use two languages with equal ease - see FLUENT 3 career n. the course of one's (professional) life 4 challenge n. a difficult or demanding task that needs special effort - challenging adj. 5 cover letter n. a letter that is sent with one's CV; letter of application 6 date of birth n. the day on which one was born, usually as day/month/year [eg: 05/11/76] 7 education n. training and instruction at school, university etc - to educate v. 8 experience n. jobs held, including dates, posts etc; work history - professional experience n. 9 fluent adj. able to speak and write a foreign language easily - see BI-LINGUAL 10 graphology n. study of handwriting as a guide to the character of the writer - graphologist n. 11 interest n. an activity outside work in which one is interested or concerned; hobby 12 job objective n. the kind of work or challenge that one is looking for 13 miscellaneous adj. various; mixed [eg: nationality, languages spoken, marital status] 14 nationality n. the status of belonging to a particular country [eg: Japanese nationality] 15 native language n. the language one first learned to speak; mother tongue 16 qualifications n. the education and experience that make one suitable for a particular job 17 reference n. a written statement by another person about one's character and ability 18 skill n. an ability, expertness or aptitude in a particular activity [eg: language skill] 19 training n. the process of learning a particular SKILL [eg: sales training] 20 work history n. jobs held, inc. dates, posts etc; EXPERIENCE English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 61 of 153 Employment 1 bonus n. additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward 2 curriculum vitaeUK n. short account of one’s education, career etc; CVUK; résuméUS; resumeUS 3 dismiss v. to remove or discharge from employment; to sack [colloq.]; to fireUS 4 employer n. person or firm who employs people - employee n. person employed 5 fireUS v. [colloq.] to dismiss 6 interview v. an oral examination of an applicant for a job - also v. 7 make redundantUK v. [made, made] to dismiss because of not being needed - redundancyUK n. 8 maternity leave n. period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby 9 notice n. advance warning of intention to resign - to give or tender one’s notice v. 10 perk abbr. perquisite; something additional to regular salary [eg: free meals; a car] 11 personnel n. the people who work for a firm 12 personnel officer n. manager responsible for recruitment, training and welfare of personnel 13 promotion n. advancement in rank or position - to promote v. 14 prospects n. opportunity for success, promotion etc 15 recruit n. to look for and employ personnel - recruitment n. 16 resign v. to give up a job - letter of resignation n. 17 retire v. to leave employment, esp. because of age - retirement n. 18 salary n. a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to employee 19 staff n. the people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees 20 take on v. [took, taken] to employ; to hire English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 62 of 153 Import/Export 1 bill of lading n. list of goods and shipping instructions; waybill 2 c.&f. abbr. cost & freight: includes shipping to named port but not insurance 3 c.i.f. abbr. cost, insurance & freight: includes insurance and shipping to named port 4 cargo n. goods or products that are being transported or shipped 5 certificate of origin n. a document that shows where goods come from 6 container n. huge box to hold goods for transport - container port n. to containerise v. 7 customs n. 1 government tax or duty on imported goods 2 the people who collect this tax 8 declare v. to make a statement of taxable goods - customs declaration form n. 9 f.a.s. abbr. free alongside ship [includes delivery to quayside but not loading] 10 f.o.b. abbr. free on board: includes loading onto ship 11 freight n. goods being transported; cargo 12 irrevocable adj. that cannot be undone; unalterable - irrevocable letter of credit n. 13 letter of credit n. a letter from a bank authorising a person to draw money from another bank 14 merchandise n. things bought and sold; commodities; wares - also v. 15 packing list n. a document that is sent with goods to show that they have been checked 16 pro forma invoice n. an invoice or request for payment sent in advance of goods supplied 17 quay n. a solid, artificial landing place for (un)loading ships; wharf - quayside n. 18 ship v. to send or transport by land, sea or air - also n. shipment n. 19 shipping agent n. a person acting for or representing a ship or ships at a port 20 waybill n. list of goods and shipping instructions; bill of lading - air waybill n. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 65 of 153 Marketing 1 brand n. a particular make of product - to brand v. - branded adj. 2 consumer n. the person who buys and uses a product or service - to consume v. 3 cost v. [cost, costed, costed] to estimate the price of making a product - costing n. 4 develop v. to create a new product or improve an existing one - product development n. 5 distribution n. the delivering of products to end-users, inc. advertising, storing etc 6 end-user n. the person, customer etc who is the ultimate (and so real) user of a product 7 image n. the concept or perception of a firm or product held by the general public 8 label n. small piece of paper, metal etc on a product giving information about it 9 launch v. to introduce a new product, with publicity etc - product launch n. 10 mail order n. the selling of goods by post - mail-order catalogue n. 11 market research n. study of consumers’ needs & preferences, often for a particular product 12 packagingUK n. the wrapping or container for a product 13 point of sale n. the place where a product is actually sold to the public - point-of-sale adj. 14 product n. something made to be sold; merchandise [includes services] - to produce v. 15 public relations n. creation and maintenance of a good public image - public relations officer n. 16 registered adj. registered or officially recorded as a trademark - ® abbr. - to register v. 17 sponsor n. firm supporting an organisation in return for advertising space - also v. 18 S.W.O.T. abbr. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats 19 total product n. the whole product, inc. name, packaging, instructions, reliability, after-sales etc 20 trademark n. special symbol, design, word etc used to represent a product or firm - " abbr. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 66 of 153 Meetings 1 A.G.M. abbr. Annual General Meeting 2 A.O.B. abbr. Any Other Business [usually the last item on an agenda] 3 absent adj. not here; not at the meeting; not present 4 agenda n. a written programme or schedule for a meeting 5 apologies n. item on agenda announcing people who are absent; apologies for absence 6 ballot n. a type of vote, usually in writing and usually secret- secret ballot n. 7 casting vote n. a deciding vote (usually by the chairman) when the votes are otherwise equal 8 chairman n. the person who leads or presides at a meeting; chairperson; chair 9 conference n. formal meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an organisation 10 conference call n. telephone call between three or more people in different locations 11 consensus n. general agreement 12 decision n. a conclusion or resolution to do something - to decide v. 13 item n. a separate point for discussion [as listed on an agenda] 14 matters arising n. item on agenda for discussion of what has happened as a result of last meeting 15 minutes n. a written record of everything said at a meeting 16 proxy vote n. a vote cast by one person for or in place of another 17 show of hands n. raised hands to express an opinion in a vote 18 unanimous adj. in complete agreement; united in opinion 19 videoconference n. conference of people in different locations linked by satellite, TV etc 20 vote v. to express opinion in a group by voice or hand etc - also n. - to cast a vote v. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 67 of 153 Money 1 A.T.M. abbr. Automated Teller Machine; cash dispenserUK 2 banknote n: a piece of paper money; billUS 3 billUS n. a banknote; a piece of paper money 4 black market n. illegal traffic in officially controlled commodities such as foreign currency 5 bureau de change n. establishment where currencies of different countries may be exchanged 6 cash n. 1 coins or bank notes (not cheques); 2 actual money paid as opposed to credit 7 cash dispenserUK n: automatic machine from which clients of a bank may withdraw money; ATM 8 cashier n. person dealing with cash transactions in a bank, store etc 9 coin n: a piece of metal money 10 currency n. the money in general use or circulation in any country 11 debt n. money etc owed by one person to another 12 exchange rate n. the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another 13 foreign exchange n: the currency of other countries 14 hard currency n. currency that will probably not fall in value and is readily accepted 15 invest v. to put money for profit into business, land etc - investment n. 16 legal tender n: currency that cannot legally be refused in payment of a debt 17 petty cashUK n. a cash fund for small, everyday expenses 18 soft currency n. currency that will probably fall in value and is not readily accepted 19 speculate v. (risky) buying of foreign currency, land etc for rapid gain - speculation n. 20 transaction n. a (usually commercial) exchange; a deal - to transact v. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 70 of 153 Presentations 1 audience rapport n. relationship of presenter with audience, esp. when good 2 body language n. non-verbal communication through facial expressions, body movements etc 3 Finally . . . Typical word used to signal the last of several points or subjects 4 flip chart n. a pad of large paper sheets on a stand for presenting information 5 For example . . . Typical phrase used to signal an illustration or sample of a particular point 6 handout n. anything (report, sample etc) handed or given to people at a presentation 7 In conclusion . . . Typical phrase used to signal the summing up or final part of a presentation 8 ladies & gentlemen Polite phrase often used to address an audience of men and women 9 marker n. whiteboard marker a pen with a broad, felt tip for writing on whiteboards 10 microphone n. electrical instrument that one speaks into for amplification of the voice etc 11 O.H.T. abbr. overhead transparency; sheet of film with image for overhead projector 12 overhead projector n. device that projects an o.h.t. onto a screen - O.H.P. abbr. 13 pointer n. device (rod or electric torch etc) for indicating things on a map, screen etc 14 screen n. large, flat, reflective white surface on which films, slides etc are projected 15 signal v. to help the audience understand where one is in a presentation - signalling n. 16 slide n. small (usually 35mm) photographic transparency - slide projector n. 17 To start with . . . Typical phrase used to signal the beginning of a particular subject or topic 18 Turning now to . . . Typical phrase used to signal a change from one subject or topic to another 19 visual aids n. things that one can look at in a presentation [eg: films, maps, charts etc] 20 whiteboard n. large, flat, white surface or board on which to write or draw with markers English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 71 of 153 Property & Real-Estate 1 apartmentUS n. a room or group of rooms to live in, usually on one floor; flatUK 2 development n. a number of buildings on a large piece of land - real-estate developer n. 3 elevatorUS n. a compartment for moving people from floor to floor in a building; liftUK 4 en suite adv. forming one unit [eg: bedroom with bathroom en suite] - also adj. 5 estate agentUS n. a person whose business is to sell or let land or property on behalf of others 6 first floorUS n. storey of a building at the same level as the street or ground; gound floorUK 7 flatUK n. a room or group of rooms to live in, usually on one floor; apartmentUS 8 for sale offered for purchase; to be sold; available to be bought 9 freehold n. the holding of land or property for an unlimited period of time - also adj. 10 furnished adj. [of a house, apartment etc] let with furniture - to furnish v. 11 garden n. space or ground surrounding a building, often with flowers, trees etc; yardUS 12 ground floorUK n. storey of a building at the same level as the street or ground; first floorUS 13 landlord n. a person who owns an apartment, house, office etc and lets it to a tenant 14 leasehold n. the holding of land or property for a predetermined period of time - also adj. 15 let v. [let, let] to give the use of a building etc in return for periodic payments or rent 16 liftUK n. a compartment for moving people from floor to floor in a building; elevatorUS 17 rent v. to make periodic payments (monthly etc) for the use of a building etc - also n. 18 storeyUK n. one of the levels of a building; floor; storyUS 19 tenant n. a person who rents an apartment, house, office etc from a landlord 20 yardUS n. space or ground surrounding a building; garden English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 72 of 153 Publishing 1 © copyright n. exclusive, legal right of an author to the publication of his work - also v. 2 author n. the person who writes or originates something (book, article, poem etc) 3 bind v. [bound, bound] to put pages of a book together after printing - binding n. 4 blurb n. short, promotional description of a book usually printed on its jacket 5 chapter n. one of the main divisions or sections of a book 6 contents n. table of contents list of chapters etc at front of book 7 edit v. to check, modify and generally prepare written material for publication - editor n. 8 fiction n. writing that describes imaginary events & people - fictional adj. see non-fiction 9 front cover n. first, outside part of a book’s jacket carrying the title, author’s name etc 10 hardback n. a book with hard, stiff covers made of board - also adj. 11 index n. alphabetical list of words, names etc at end of book with page numbers - also v. 12 inside front cover n. front flap of the book’s jacket, sometimes carrying the blurb - IFC abbr. 13 jacket n. the protective paper cover supplied with most hardbacks - dust jacket n. 14 non-fiction n. writing about real, unimagined events [eg: history, biography etc] - see fiction 15 paperback n. a book with soft, flexible covers made of paper or card - also adj. 16 spine n. the part of a book’s jacket that usually faces outwards on a shelf 17 title n. the name of a book, chapter, poem etc 18 title page n. the page of a book (usually the 3rd) that carries the title in large type 19 type n. printing type system of letters (a, b, c etc) for printing text - typeface n. 20 typeset v. [-set, -set] to set in type [eg: to change handwriting to type] - also adj. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 75 of 153 Weather Vocabulary Word Part of speech Meaning Example Sentence airconditioner/airconditioning noun an appliance that cools down the air in a home or building The airconditioner keeps the office nice and comfortable even when it's very hot outside. avalanche noun a dangerous slide of snow down a mountain The skiers were warned about a possible avalanche. below freezing preposition/adjective temperature less than 0 degrees Celsius/(32F) It's supposed to go below freezing before the weekend. blizzard noun a storm with lots of snow and wind The airplane couldn't take-off because of the blizzard. boiling hot adjective + noun common expression for describing a very hot day It was boiling hot, so we all jumped into the lake. breeze noun light wind Don't bother with a hat. There is always a breeze near the ocean. Celsius noun measurement of temperature (0 degrees is freezing/100 is boiling) In the summer, the average temperature here is 20 degrees Celsius. chilly adjective cold It's a bit chilly today, so I think you should wear a coat. clear adjective when the sky is blue because no clouds are blocking the sun On a clear night you can see a lot of stars. cloud/cloudy noun/adjective water in the sky that appears as a white or grey mass It may look cloudy in the morning, but the sun always comes out by afternoon. cold spell adjective + noun a period of colder than average weather They're calling for a cold spell, so we put off our camping trip. cool adjective temperature in between warm and cold The days were boiling hot, but the nights were cool and comfortable for sleeping. degrees noun measurement for temperature I don't feel the heat until it's about forty degrees Celsius outside. drizzling continuous verb raining slightly I think I'll take the dog for a walk. It's only drizzling now. drought noun a long period with no rainfall Forest fires are a serious danger during a drought. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 76 of 153 Fahrenheit noun measurement of temperature (32 degrees is freezing/212 is boiling) It was 100 degrees Fahrenheit when we got to San Francisco. flood noun overflow of rain water The flood was so bad, our basement was full of water. flurries noun very light snowfall There are a few flurries but the snow isn't sticking to the roads. fog/foggy noun/adjective thick water vapor that blocks one's vision We couldn't see the bridge because there was too much fog. forecast noun/verb the expected weather for the future According to the 5 day forecast, it's going to rain on our wedding day. freezing cold adjective + noun common expression used to describe a very cold day It was a freezing cold day for the Santa Claus parade. frost noun ice crystals on a frozen surface Some flowers are so strong they can withstand frost. frostbite noun a skin condition caused by over exposure to the cold (typically reddish skin with white spots) I lost my hat while I was skiing, and I ended up with frostbite on my ears. hail noun small pieces of ice that fall during a storm There was so much hail that some of the trailer homes were destroyed. heat stroke noun a flu-like condition one can acquire after spending too long in the sun Bring lots of water and wear a hat to avoid heat stroke in this weather. heat-wave noun extremely hot weather that is much higher than average--usually lasts a short time During the heat-wave we cooled our beds down with ice packs. humid/humidity adjective/noun moisture in the air It feels a lot hotter than it actually is because of the humidity. hurricane noun a tropical storm with very strong wind and rain Half of the buildings on the island were flattened by the hurricane. icy adjective slippery because of ice The roads are icy so please avoid driving down any hills. lightning noun electric flash caused by two clouds hitting The outdoor pool always closes when the lifeguards suspect lightning. mild temperature that is warmer than It's quite mild out so I didn't English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 77 of 153 adjective average(in a cold season) bother with a hat or mittens. meteorologist noun a person who studies weather patterns The meteorologist predicted that the cold spell would be over by now. minus/negative adjective indicates that a temperature is below zero It was minus twenty degrees at the top of the skil hill. overcast adjective no sun is visible The sky is overcast this morning, but the sun is supposed to come out by late afternoon. partly cloudy adverb + adjective term often used in a weather forecast to indicate that the skies are sunny and cloudy at the same time Tomorrow's forecast is partly cloudy with clear skies by nightfall. precipitation noun rain or snow that falls on an area There is very little precipitation in the desert. puddle noun collection of rain water Children love to splash in puddles when they are wearing rubber boots. rain/raining/rainy noun/continuous verb/adjective water that falls to earth My hair is all wet and messy from the rain. raindrop noun a single measurement of rain I love catching raindrops on my tongue. rainbow noun a band of colours found in the sky after a rainfall According to legend you can find a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow. raining cats and dogs idiom raining heavily They cancelled the football game because it was raining cats and dogs. scorching/a scorcher adjective/noun extremely hot temperature/a very hot day It was a scorcher, so the whole family slept in the cool basement. season noun time of year characterized by certain weather Winter,Spring,Summer,Fall (or Autumn) My favorite season is Fall, because I love to watch the leaves changing colours. shower noun quick/light rainstorm They've been calling for showers all week, but so far it's been dry. sleet(similar to hail) noun rain that freezes as it falls All-weather-tires are best if you have to drive in sleet. slush/slushy noun/adjective snow on the ground that has been rained on The snow turned to slush as soon as it started to rain. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 80 of 153 Weight "Weight" tells us how heavy something is (or how much it weighs). There are basically two systems in use in English-speaking countries. Metric Weights The metric system is used in many countries of the world. Abbreviation British Equivalent 1000 milligrams 1 gram g 0.035 oz 1000 grams 1 kilogram kg 2.21 lb 1000 kilograms 1 tonne t 0.98 tons British/US Weights The British and US systems are the same except where shown. Abbreviation Metric Equivalent 16 drams 1 ounce oz 28.35 g 16 ounces 1 pound lb 0.454 kg 14 pounds 1 stone st 6.35 kg 8 stones 1 hundredweight cwt 50.8 kg British 20 hundredweight 1 ton t 1,016 kg 100 pounds 1 (short) hundredweight cwt 45.36 kg US 2000 pounds 1 (short) ton t 907.18 kg English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 81 of 153 The World The "world" is also called Earth, earth, Mother Earth, the planet, the globe. The world essentially consists of three parts: • Air • Water • Land Geographical Divisions We can divide the land and water into the following major features: • Continents • Islands • Mountains • Oceans and Seas • Lakes and Rivers These features are called "geographical". They are not "man-made". They exist with or without man. Political Divisions "Political" divisions are made by man. Politically, we can divide the land into: • Countries On these pages we will look in more detail at: Continents Countries Countries & Nationality Continents A continent is one of the world's main continuous pieces of land. (The word continent comes from the Latin terra continens, meaning "continuous land".) Unfortunately, even the experts cannot agree on how many continents there are: • 7 Continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, South America • 6 Continents: Africa, Antarctica, Eurasia, North America, Oceania, South America • 6 Continents: Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania • 5 Continents: Africa, America, Antarctica, Eurasia, Oceania • 4 Continents: Eurafrasia, America, Antarctica, Oceania Curiously, we have a word for somebody who comes from Mars (a Martian), but we have no word for somebody who comes from Antarctica. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 82 of 153 This chart lists what is probably the most widely-accepted number of continents (7), and shows the associated adjective and the noun used for a person from each continent: Continent Adjective Person Africa African an African Antarctica Antarctic - Asia Asian an Asian Europe European a European North America North American a North American Oceania Oceanian an Oceanian South America South American a South American "Continent" is a geographical term, not political. Countries & Nationality This chart lists many of the countries or nations in the world, with the following information: • Name of country • Adjective used for that country (also describes nationality) • Noun used for a person from that country Look at these example sentences: She comes from France. She is French. Her nationality is French. She is a Frenchwoman. She drives a French car. She speaks French. Country Adjective Person Afghanistan Afghan an Afghan Albania Albanian an Albanian Algeria Algerian an Algerian Andorra Andorran an Andorran Angola Angolan an Angolan Argentina Argentinian an Argentinian Armenia Armenian an Armenian Australia Australian an Australian Austria Austrian an Austrian English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 85 of 153 Guinea Guinean a Guinean Guyana Guyanese a Guyanese Haiti Haitian a Haitian Holland (also Netherlands) Dutch a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman Honduras Honduran a Honduran Hungary Hungarian a Hungarian Iceland Icelandic an Icelander India Indian an Indian Indonesia Indonesian an Indonesian Iran Iranian an Iranian Iraq Iraqi an Iraqi Ireland, Republic of Irish an Irishman, an Irishwoman Israel Israeli an Israeli Italy Italian an Italian Jamaica Jamaican a Jamaican Japan Japanese a Japanese Jordan Jordanian a Jordanian Kazakhstan Kazakh a Kazakh Kenya Kenyan a Kenyan Korea see North Korea, South Korea Kuwait Kuwaiti a Kuwaiti Laos Laotian a Laotian Latvia Latvian a Latvian Lebanon Lebanese a Lebanese Liberia Liberian a Liberian Libya Libyan a Libyan Liechtenstein - a Liechtensteiner Lithuania Lithuanian a Lithuanian English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 86 of 153 Luxembourg - a Luxembourger Macedonia Macedonian a Macedonian Madagascar Malagasay or Madagascan a Malagasay or a Madagascan Malawi Malawian a Malawian Malaysia Malaysian a Malay Maldives Maldivian a Maldivian Mali Malian a Malian Malta Maltese a Maltese Mauritania Mauritanian a Mauritanian Mauritius Mauritian a Mauritian Mexico Mexican a Mexican Moldova Moldovan a Moldovan Monaco Monégasque or Monacan a Monégasque or a Monacan Mongolia Mongolian a Mongolian Montenegro Montenegrin a Montenegrin Morocco Moroccan a Moroccan Mozambique Mozambican a Mozambican Myanmar see Burma - - Namibia Namibian a Namibian Nepal Nepalese a Nepalese Netherlands, the (see Holland) Dutch a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander New Zealand - a New Zealander Nicaragua Nicaraguan a Nicaraguan Niger Nigerien a Nigerien Nigeria Nigerian a Nigerian North Korea North Korean a North Korean Norway Norwegian a Norwegian Oman Omani an Omani English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 87 of 153 Pakistan Pakistani a Pakistani Panama Panamanian a Panamanian Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinean or Guinean a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean Paraguay Paraguayan a Paraguayan Peru Peruvian a Peruvian the Philippines Philippine a Filipino Poland Polish a Pole Portugal Portuguese a Portuguese Qatar Qatari a Qatari Romania Romanian a Romanian Russia Russian a Russian Rwanda Rwandan a Rwandan Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian or Saudi a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi Scotland Scottish a Scot Senegal Senegalese a Senegalese Serbia Serb or Serbian a Serb or a Serbian Seychelles, the Seychellois a Seychellois Sierra Leone Sierra Leonian a Sierra Leonian Singapore Singaporean a Singaporean Slovakia Slovak a Slovak Slovenia Slovene or Slovenian a Slovene or a Slovenian Solomon Islands - a Solomon Islander Somalia Somali a Somali South Africa South African a South African South Korea South Korean a South Korean Spain Spanish a Spaniard Sri Lanka Sri Lankan a Sri Lankan Sudan Sudanese a Sudanese English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 90 of 153 verb o'clock. check-out noun return the keys and pay for the bill Please return your parking pass when you check-out. complimentary breakfast noun free of charge All of our rooms have complimentary soap, shampoo, and coffee. cot, rollaway bed noun a single bed on wheels that folds up If you need an extra bed, we have cots available. damage charge noun money a guest owes for repairs to hotel property (when caused by violent or careless acts) We will have to add a damage charge for the hole you put in the wall. deposit noun amount paid ahead of time to secure a reservation You will not receive your deposit back if you cancel. double bed noun a bed large enough for two people They are a family of four, so give them a room with two double beds. floor noun a level of the building The swimming pool is on the main floor. front desk, reception noun the place where guests go to check in and out and to get information Towels are available at the front desk. guest noun a person that is staying at the hotel Our washrooms are for guests only. hostel noun a very inexpensive place for backbackers and travelers on a budget In the hostel you probably won't get your own room. hotel manager noun person in charge at the hotel I'll let you make your complaint to the hotel manager. housekeeping, maid noun staff members that clean the rooms and linen Put a sign on the door if you want housekeeping to come in and change the sheets on the bed. ice machine noun a machine that automatically makes ice that guests can use to keep drinks cold There is an ice machine by the elevator on all of the even numbered floors. indoor pool noun place for guests to swim inside the hotel The heated indoor pool is open until 10 pm. inn noun another word for "hotel" There's an inn on the other side of town that has a vacancy. Jacuzzi, hot tub, whirl pool noun a small hot pool for relaxation Our honeymoon room has a personal hot tub. king-size bed noun extra large bed A room with a king size bed costs an extra ten dollars a night. kitchenette noun a small fridge and cooking area Your room has a kitchenette so you can prepare your own breakfasts and lunches. late charge noun a fee for staying past the check-out time You will be charged a ten dollar late charge for checking out after 11 am. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 91 of 153 linen noun sheets, blankets, pillow cases We will come in and change the linens while you are out of your room. lobby noun large open area at the front of the hotel You can stand in the lobby and wait for your bus. luggage cart noun a device on wheels that guests can push their luggage on Please return the luggage cart to the lobby when you are finshed with it. maximum capacity noun the most amount of people allowed The maximum capacity in the hot tub is ten people. motels noun accommodations that are slightly cheaper than hotels Our motel is very clean and is close to the beach. noisy adj loud The guests next to you have complained that you are being too noisy. parking pass noun a piece of paper that guests display in the car window while in the hotel parking lot Display this parking pass in your window to show that you are a hotel guest. pay-per-view movie noun extra charge for movies and special television features If you order a pay-per-view movie, the charge will appear on your bill. pillow case noun the covering that goes over a pillow Room 201 doesn't need their sheets changed, but they requested one new pillow case. queen size bed noun bed with plenty of space for two people (bigger than a double) They have a queen size bed so the small child can eaily fit in the middle. rate noun cost of renting a room for a certain time period Our rates change depending on the season. reservation noun a request to save a specific room for a future date They say they made a reservation but it doesn't show on the computer. room service noun delivery of food or other services requested by guests If you would like a bottle of wine, just call room service. sauna noun a hot room for relaxation, filled with steam We don't recommend bringing young children into the sauna. single bed noun a bed for one person The economy priced room includes one single bed. sofa bed, pull-out couch noun a bed built into a sofa or couch The room contains a sofa bed so the room actually sleeps five. towels noun used to cover and dry the body after swimming or bathing You can get your swimming pool towels at the front desk. vacancy noun vacant adj available rooms We only have one vacancy left, and it is for a single room. valet noun staff that parks the guests' vehicles If you leave your car keys with us, the valet will park your car underground. vending machine a machine that distributes snacks and The vending machine on the fifth floor has English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 92 of 153 noun beverages when you insert coins chocolate bars and chips. view noun a window that offers a nice image for guests The room is more expensive because it has a spectacular view of the beach. wake up call noun a morning phone call from the front desk, acts as an alarm clock What time would you like your wake up call? weight room, workout room, gym noun a room that guests can use for exercise and fitness Our weight room has a stair climber and a stationary bicycle. Taking a Reservation Front Desk Receptionist • Enterprise Hotels, Lise speaking. How can I help you? • What date are you looking for? • How long will you be staying? • How many adults will be in the room? • I'm afraid we are booked that weekend. • There are only a few vacancies left. • We advise that you book in advance during peak season. • Will two double beds be enough? • Do you want a smoking or non-smoking room? • The dining room is open from 4 pm until 10 pm. • We have an indoor swimming pool and sauna. • We serve a continental breakfast. • Cable television is included, but the movie channel is extra. • Take Exit 8 off the highway and you'll see us a few kilometers up on the left hand side. • The rate I can give you is 99.54 with tax. • We require a credit card number for a deposit. Guest • I'd like to make a reservation for next week. • Is it necessary to book ahead? • Do you charge extra for two beds? • How much is it for a cot? • Do you offer free breakfast? • Is there a restaurant in the hotel? • Do the rooms have refrigerators? • Do you do group bookings? • Is there an outdoor pool? • Do you have any cheaper rooms? • When is it considered off- season? Sample Conversation Receptionist: Thanks for calling Quality Inn. Morine speaking. Caller: Hello. I'm interested in booking a room for the September long weekend. Receptionist: I'm afraid we're totally booked for that weekend. There's a convention in town and we're the English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 95 of 153 gate noun place where passengers go to wait to board a plane Gate 3B is down this hall and to your right. headset, earphones noun device that allows passengers to listen to music or a movie We will be coming around to sell headsets for five dollars. international adj worldwide For international departures, go up one level. jet lag noun tiredness due to travelling through different time zones I'm used to travelling now. My body doesn't suffer from jet lag anymore. land verb returning to the ground after being in the air We will be landing in Tokyo in approximately ten minutes. life vest, life jacket noun a blow-up device that you put on in an emergency over water Please take a moment to locate the life vest under your seat. motion sickness noun a bad feeling in the stomach that passengers get during a rough ride There is a paper bag in front of you in case you experience motion sickness. overbooked adj more passengers than available seats The flight is overbooked. Four of our passengers will have to wait for the next flight. overhead bin/compartment noun place above the seats for storing luggage You'll have to put your bag under your seat because all of the overhead bins are full. over-sized baggage adj items that do not fit in suitcases Infant car seats and sporting equipment can be picked up at the over-sized baggage counter. oxygen mask noun a device that goes over a person's face, provides air in case of cabin air pressure loss Put your oxygen mask on first before putting one on your child. passport noun document that proves a person's identification and nationality Please have your passport out when you go through security. pilot noun the person who drives the plane The pilot is circling over the airport until it is safe to land. refreshments noun drinks and snacks It's a short flight, so we will be serving refreshments but not a meal. row noun a number of seats beside each other You are in seat B of row nine. runway noun the strip of land that an airplane takes-off and lands on The plane almost missed the runway because it was such a bad storm. seatbelt noun device that holds passengers in their seats Please remain in your seats while the seatbelt light is on. steward (male), stewardess (female), flight attendant, air host noun man or woman who provides service for passengers during a flight Ask one of the stewardesses for a pillow if you're tired. stopover noun touching down at more than one airport during a flight It's not a direct flight. We're making one stopover in Toronto. English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 96 of 153 take off noun/verb when the plane leaves the ground We are next in line to take off on this runway. taxi in, out verb driving an airplane to the correct place for taking off or deboarding Please remain in your seats until we taxi in to the gate. touch down verb, noun when the aircraft wheels land on the ground That was a very smooth touch down. turbulence noun rough flight This turbulence should only last a few minutes. wheelchair noun a seat for pushing elderly, disabled, or injured people A steward will take you to the gate with a wheelchair. window seat noun seat next to the window where passengers can look out If your child wants a window seat I can move you back a row. Checking In Passengers Check-in Assistant • Can I see your ticket, please? • Do you have your passport with you? • I'm afraid your passport has expired. • Do you have a second piece of identification? • I'll need to see your child's birth certificate. • How many bags are you checking? • Will you be bringing a carry-on bag? • I'm afraid that bag exceeds the size restrictions. • Did you pack your bags yourself? • Would you like an aisle or a window seat? • Would you like a wheelchair? • You'll board at Gate 7. • Please be at the gate thirty minutes before your scheduled flight. • Did you need any tags for your luggage? • Your flight is expected to take off on time. • Your flight has been delayed by one hour. • Flight 87B to Toronto has been canceled. • I'm afraid you're too late to check-in. • Your flight is overbooked. Would you be interested in giving up your seat? • Enjoy your flight. Passenger • I'm not sure which of these papers is my ticket. • Is it possible to get an aisle seat? • I requested a vegetarian meal. Can you check to confirm? • Can I take my child through security? • Is the flight on time? • Will they be serving a meal today? • Will they be showing an inflight movie? • Where can I get a luggage cart? • Can I use my laptop on board? English Vocabulary ThaoThy’s 2b collected Page 97 of 153 Sample Conversation Check-in Assistant: Hello. Are you flying to St. Martin today? Passenger: Yes, I have my ticket here. Check-in Assistant: Great. I'll need to see your passport as well. Passenger: I have an e-ticket. Uh...is this the part you need? Check-in Assistant: Actually I just need your name and I can find you on the computer. Passenger: Oh OK. It's Bates. Frank Bates. Check-in Assistant: Great. Here we are. Oh, you're traveling with an infant today. Passenger: Yes, my daughter Mia. She's 14 months. Check-in Assistant: Okay. I'll need to see your daughter's birth certificate to prove that she is under two years of age. Passenger: Here you are. Say, would we be able to get an aisle seat? I may have to walk her around if she gets fussy. Check-in Assistant: Sure. I'll put you near the washroom too. Passenger: Thanks. Can I take my stroller to the gate? Check-in Assistant: Yes, we'll check it in the over-sized luggage after you board. Are you just checking these two bags today? Passenger: Yes, I'll take my knapsack as my carry-on. Check-in Assistant: Did you pack these bags yourself? Passenger: Yes. Check-in Assistant: Okay. Here is your boarding pass. Be at the gate one hour prior to boarding time. You will be able to preboard because you are traveling with an infant. Our flight crew will have some special instructions for take-off and landing. English for Food and Drink Staff Are you a chef, bartender, or waiter/waitress working in a tourist spot? Maybe you're a student who wants to work part-time in a restaurant while you go to school abroad. Whatever the case may be, you will come across many English customers and staff members in the food and beverage industry. These pages are designed to help people who are employed, or looking for work in many different areas of the hospitality industry, including in the kitchen, on the floor, or behind the bar. You will learn helpful English vocabulary and expressions that will allow your guests to enjoy their dining experience and help you to communicate with your fellow staff members. Studying and practicing Food and Beverage English and gaining a better understanding of the industry may even help you find a job. Do the exercises and take the quizzes to test your knowledge and understanding.