Poeticos apuntes examen final por evaluacion continua, Apuntes de Filología Inglesa

¡Descarga Poeticos apuntes examen final por evaluacion continua y más Apuntes en PDF de Filología Inglesa solo en Docsity! Line: verso Stanza: estrofa Rhythm: ritmo (“riden como se pronuncia”) Rhyme: rima Rethorical devices Repetition of sounds and words Alliteration: Use of several nearby words or stressed syllables beginning with the same consonant. “O wild west wind” (representation of the sound of the wind) Assonance: Repetition of a vowel sound. Anaphora: repetition of words at the beginning of line sor clauses so that an effect of emphasis is produced If I were a dead stanza 1 If a were a swift stanza 2 Different ideas to create an effect Epistrophe: ending a series of lines with the same Word: no veremos Epanalepsis: the Word is ocurred at the beginning of the line and repeated at the end of the line. Anadiplosis: Repetition of the last Word of one line at the beginning of the next. Gradatio (or climax): a sentence construction in which the last Word of one clause becomes the first of the next, through three or more clauses (like and extended anadiplosis). Repetition of words Polyptoton: Repetition of words of the same root with different endings (or prefixes). Antanaclasis: The repetition of a word whose meaning changes in the second instance. “And he watched that she had no watch. Diacope: Repetition of words with one or some words in between “She, dear she” (sidney); “to be or not to be” (Shakespeare) Epizeuxis: Repetition of words with no others between “war,war,war”. Syntax Asyndeton: joins words or phrases by commas only; the polysindeton by conjunctions. Parallelism: the parallel construction of phrases is varied by Chiasmus, repetition in inverted order. All honour´s mimic, all wealth alchemy A is B, C is D. Chiasmus person female is state, prince is person male Ruler is male Enjambment (run-on-line) creates the effect that the idea continues in the next sentence An emphasis: highlights a Word by placing it in an unusual position in the line Hyperbaton: the common Word order in a sentence is reversed. Meaning: Metaphor: Word or phrase designates one thing that is used to designate another thus making an implicit comparison. Her teeth are like pearls: teeth A pearls B : comparison or simile. The pearls of her mouth: metaphor want to idealize the lady and say how beautiful she is. Metonymy: substitution of a Word/phrase with another closely associated with it: capitol hill: represents the U.S. congress (association) refers to the people who work there, not to the people themselves. Synechdoque: Symbol: a Word that has literal meaning. Alternative idnetity or menaing that represents something else. Hyperbole: a delibérate exaggeration: “erase un hombre a una nariz pegado”. Pun: play on words (for humoroues effects, usually). Irony: when the meaning intended is the opposite of what is said. Oxymoron: combination of ocntradictory words about the same thing (an open secret). It is a kind of antithesis. Paradox: use of concept sor ideas contradictory to one another (I can resiste anything but temptation) Allegory: transforms a general and abstract concept into a concrete image, person or story. Ex: idea of love, justice exists as abstract turn into characters. Personification. My Heart Leaps Up William Wordsworth, 1770 - 1850 Rainbow at the beginning and nature at the end, so nature is present at the very beginning and also at the very end, circularity of the poem in relation to nature. A rainbow is not forever because it depends on the light, it is an ethereal part of the nature; he is contemplating this rainbow, and after the rainbow comes the rest, he contemplates the rainbow and gets the rest of the poem. Piety: devotion to nature. Just beholding and contemplating the rainbow. Contemplation beauty realization of the world. There is an interconnection between nature and the poem. Renaissance Poetry Elizabethan poetry (1558-1603) Shakespear 1608 he was an Elizabethan writer. Renaissance poetry: influenced by classical modelss and genres. New learning: Humanism children went to school in order to learn latin and reading the classics. Platonism: duality Full of mythological references to the Gods and myth of antiquity, but more and more drawing on the native tradition. Countryside, images of nature. Emphasis on musicality, elegance and decorum. Influence by Petrarch, who established the language of love. Veneration of the lady as the symbol of purity, the concept of love as transcending the mere physical attraction (Platonism) Splendore of the Virgin Queen. Humanism (started in the 15th century) intelectual movement flourishing of leters and arts influenced by the recovery and study of classical texts and arts. 1485: Caxton printed Malory´s Morthe de Arthur; books spread country, now printed. Critical debates about literatura specially at Oxford. Literary patronage: COurtiers bécame supporters ov poets and the arts. Castiglione´s II Cartigiano (1528/1561) set the model of soldier poet courtier should be the model of soldier poet. Man is a good fighter but sensitive to arts and letters. The Courtier Knowledge of classical literatura and history. Skilled in the arts (composer, poet…). Good converser, trained to rule and to be magnanimous. Modes of Elizabethan Poetry Lyric mode. Pastoral mode: idealized world inhabited by shepherds and shepherdesses. They tend their flocks, fall in love and engage in poetry (love, pains, passion, moods, pleasures). Satirical mode: ridiculed and scorneden certain attitude in society (from lawyers and merchants to fools and lovers) chiefly in rhymed iambic pentameters. Epigrams (short of satirical poems) are typically Elizabethan. The Passionate Shepherd to his love: Christopher Marlowe. Satirical: The Nimph´s Reply to the Shepherd by Walter Ralegh. Shepherd does not consider other aspects of reality; he is a foolish, permanent spring and youth. Replies the passionate Shepherd. We are Young spring time Walter adds realistic to the foolish lover. Decorum: The apropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary work, such as style or tone as a whole. Following models of classical literatura, so used decorum. Renaissance poets adapted concerned style appropiate to the nature of the poem….. El ejemplo que puso en clase el porfesor de decorum era por ejemplo el de una película de thriller, that has to fulfill the decorum of thriller/horror films. Wit: (power of giving some sudden intelectual pleasure by) unexpected combining or contrasting of previously unconnected ideas or expressions. Conceit: A far-fetched and ingenious comparison, extended comparison or metaphor; the writer in the next lines continuous developing the metaphor. The seas of your eyes: blue eyes. Spenser: Faerie; Queene; Ephitalamon; Shepherds calender. Sidney: Astrophil and Stella Marlowe: Hero and Leander Shakespeare: Venus and Adonis Elizabethan Sonnets Songs: poetry meant to be sung. Short lines. Careful attention to rhythm, melody and harmony. Balance between literary and musical elements. Ballads: made to be sung: narrative popular poems Madrigals: literary poems. _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Ballads coming from war, people who died, corpses in the battlefield. Sonnet Conventions stablished by Petrarch and introduced in England by Thomas Wyatt. Sonnet: Poetic composition consisting of 14 liness of iambic pentameter (none of the elements in this definition is absolute). Sonnet sequence: A series of 14-line sonnets, exploring contrary states of feelings experienced as a lover desires an idealizes an unattainable lady. The poet cannot get the lady objective poet lady accepts his love rather than physical contact. Sonnet themes: Lady´s great beauty Her power over the poet Her cruelty to him and his suffering The fire of his love and the ice of her chastity The pain of absence Base don the Petrarchan tradition, but subverting it (idealism vs Realism); Chaste Lady vs Dark, promiscuous lady; “lovely boy” ( not the lady) is the object of praise, love and devotion, etc. Cryptic: no one understand the sequence of the sonnet, the order of these sonnets because it was published without the permission of Shakespeare. You cannot build up a story with these sonnets because there is no sequence. Nor autobiographic. Language of sonnets: simple language, rich metaphorical style. Imagery from a wide variety of sources: law, history, gardening, astrology, navigation, domestic affairs, etc. Rhetorical strategy: to elaborate an initial statement to reach a conclusión in the final couplet or to turn the situation into another direction in the final sextet. Initial statement: opening of statement. Sonnet 130: My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun By William Shakespeare My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. The argument goes on until the change in the argumentation or volta which is placed in the ending couplet “And yet”. Dun: something that is not White. Wire: filaments of gold beautiful ladies must have blonde hair Rare: valuable, special, unique. Belied: que te puede engañar Dun: dull, dark, greyish Brown. Sun; semicolumn Part of the body of the lady. Head. Full stop end of the first quatrain, punctuation helps to isolate the argumentation. Roses color lady White, cheeks y semiculum, same unit. 1ststatement 2nd comparison : emjabment: and in some perfumes….than in the breath Punctuation isolate statement, understand what it is talking. In sonnet 130 by Shakespeare, we have a full stop at the end of the 1st and 2nd quatrain so we can see how the punctuation helps to isolate the argumentation. Eyes, lips, hair… Idealized lady, eyes like the sun, skin White as snow. Her shoukd be blonde Cheeks red colors When lady speaks parfum Voice lady music She walks lady: Petrarch and courtly love He denies that the lady has these elements. Idealization of the lady. He confronts and idealized portrait with the idealize women. Contrasting idealize woman with the reality of the woman that he wants, confronting Petrarchan conventions. You will misrepresent her if you try to compare her with any other thing. Images from Petrarchan conventions. Stablishment, development and conclusión. Astrophil and Stella 1: Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show By Sir Philip Sidney Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show, That she, dear she, might take some pleasure of my pain,— Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know, Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain,— I sought fit words to paint the blackest face of woe; Studying inventions fine her wits to entertain, Oft turning others' leaves, to see if thence would flow Some fresh and fruitful showers upon my sunburn'd brain. But words came halting forth, wanting invention's stay; Invention, Nature's child, fled step-dame Study's blows; And others' feet still seem'd but strangers in my way. Thus great with child to speak and helpless in my throes, Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite, "Fool," said my Muse to me, "look in thy heart, and write." Sonnet English form. Not typical iambic foot (at the beginning) beccause it starts stressed instead of unstressed. Rhythm: iambic hexameter but with a variation at the beginning there is an emphasis in the first Word not only in this poem but also in the whole collection. Many sonnets iambic pentameter feet but this one iambic hexameter so we realized that there is a variation because the author wants to draw our attention. 2nd line: she, dear she, emphasizing the object of love. Here we have a diacope, which is in this case the repetition of the Word she with one Word in between. 2nd line: pleasure of my pain: pleasure and pain are contradictory words, so here we have an oxymoron, which is a kind of anthitesis. The poet says that he loves and he wants two show his love in the poem with the effect that she dear she (diacope) attitude towards the lady, lover is a servant of the lady, he satisfies whatever the woman commands. 3-4 lines the end of the statement of the third line is repeated at the beginning of line number four and this is called anadiplosis. Know, knowledge; read, reading: polyptoton, repetition of words of the same root with different endings (or prefixes). 1st quatrain:There is a unity in the quatrain, a unity of thought, his plan is to gain this effect. 2nd quatrain: something different carrying out the plane (in action). Through out his words, his suffering is represented beautifully. Studying looking at the classics in order to find models to get her attention to read it. Oft turning others: mirar libros y ver que han publicado otros poetas, intenttion and form there he would get some inspiration (shower: a metaphor) flow has to do with liquid, le fluye la inspiración le fluyen las ideas. Fresh: new ideas. John Bonne; “To the Death of a Young lady”. Imperfection of creation he focuses on the circle of the earth saying that it is not perfect. Hyperbole, the moon crashed againstt the mountain in Tenerife; mares tna profundos que ballenas mañana aun estarán a medio camino hacia el fondo del mar: hyperbole: capacity of creating images like that. Richard Crashaw “The Tear” the poem is abput Mary Magdalene. Que cosa brillante blanda es esta? Answer: spark: chispa moist: liquid….so here there is a contradiction not fire together with wáter: Oxymoron. A wat´ry diamon: contradiction because a diamond is not wat´ry. It is a star que va a caer de tu ojo que es la esfera: conceit/comparison goes own, el sol se va a agachar and pick it up. Sister (the moon). A simple tear described in cosmic terms and this make sense the way in which images and words have been created. Ababcc rhyme. We as readers read the poem and we do not pay attention to its rhyme, in this case wee pay more attention to the content rather than to the formal aspects. Experimental different meter among both stanzas. John suckling and Richar Lovelace: themes: loyalty to the King, love, beauty; characterised sophisticated charm. “Out upon it” John Suckling Cavalier poet. Out upon: sexual intercourse. Stricking images. EXAM: To His Mistress Going to Bed To His Mistress Going to Bed By John Donne Come, Madam, come, all rest my powers defy, Until I labour, I in labour lie. The foe oft-times having the foe in sight, Is tir’d with standing though he never fight. Off with that girdle, like heaven’s Zone glistering, But a far fairer world encompassing. Unpin that spangled breastplate which you wear, That th’eyes of busy fools may be stopped there. Unlace yourself, for that harmonious chime, Tells me from you, that now it is bed time. Off with that happy busk, which I envy, That still can be, and still can stand so nigh. Your gown going off, such beauteous state reveals, As when from flowery meads th’hill’s shadow steals. Off with that wiry Coronet and shew The hairy Diadem which on you doth grow: Now off with those shoes, and then safely tread In this love’s hallow’d temple, this soft bed. In such white robes, heaven’s Angels used to be Received by men; Thou Angel bringst with thee A heaven like Mahomet’s Paradise; and though Ill spirits walk in white, we easily know, By this these Angels from an evil sprite, Those set our hairs, but these our flesh upright. Licence my roving hands, and let them go, Before, behind, between, above, below. O my America! my new-found-land, My kingdom, safeliest when with one man mann’d, My Mine of precious stones, My Empirie, How blest am I in this discovering thee! To enter in these bonds, is to be free; Then where my hand is set, my seal shall be. Full nakedness! All joys are due to thee, As souls unbodied, bodies uncloth’d must be, To taste whole joys. Gems which you women use Are like Atlanta’s balls, cast in men’s views, That when a fool’s eye lighteth on a Gem, His earthly soul may covet theirs, not them. Like pictures, or like books’ gay coverings made For lay-men, are all women thus array’d; Themselves are mystic books, which only we (Whom their imputed grace will dignify) Must see reveal’d. Then since that I may know; As liberally, as to a Midwife, shew Thy self: cast all, yea, this white linen hence, There is no penance due to innocence. To teach thee, I am naked first; why then What needst thou have more covering than a man. 2nd line: labor. Dara luz y lie in labor; en esta cama como una mujer a punto de dar a luz. Repetition of the Word “I” diacope. Labor has two different meanings in this case; here in the Word “labor” we have an antanaclasis which is the repetition of a Word whose meaning changes in the second instance. Foe: enemigo: the enemy has enemy inside. Metaphysical image: he refering two power associated con una campaña militar, no sentido comparar a la dama con dos enemigos que se encuentran. In language of love you can not identify it with foe (enemy) this is metaphysical. Standing in front of the other (foe). Cuando tiene el enemigo a la vista se cansa de estar de pie aunque nunca luche para decirle a la mujer que venga le dice lo del enemigo (comparación entre pareja de amantes y dos enemigos) metaphysic ebcause it is a comparison with no association. The man is sexually arouse and has an erection and says to the lady can here I am desperated si tu no vienes, come here to bed with me. Off: fuera con ese cinturón/faja compared with the estrellas que brillan en el cielo que es la milky way. But: pero esa banda está alrededor de un mundo más bonito que la vía láctea. Unpin: take it out. I can look at that. Tells: now is the time. Your gown: take out this clothtransparent. As when: comparison como un prado florido when there are clouds not see the color of the flowers y cuando se van las nubes puede verlo: comparison. Now off: fuera esos zapatos y pisa segura en este templo sagrado del amor. In such: en esos traje blancos angeles del cielo solían; sabemos que estos angeles se distinguen de espíritus malos. Those: evil spirits set our hairs: he is pleased. How blest: the body of the woman is like a land to be conquered. Then where: image of possession. Full nakedness: the man i sable to describe take everything out in the same way que las almas no tiene cuerpo, los cuerpos no deben tener ropa. Unbodied: chiasmus and parallelism. His earthly: mito de Atlanta, princesa que no quería saber nada del matrimonio y retaba a los príncipes a una carrera, les tiraba gemas a los príncipes, que miraban a las gemas y se distraían y perdían la carrera, ya que si algún príncipe lograba ganarla, se casaría con ella. Cuando los ojos están puestos en las gemas no miran a la mujer Gemas compared with the Atlanta balls . Like…. Para hombres laicos. Themselves: las mujeres son libros místicos que no están hechos para gente no instruida. As liberally: quita por fin esta ropa blanca. He wants to convince her to take out her clothes and have sex with him. Variety of images, the poet is striking the reader, creation of metaphysical and surprising images. Form: nothing attention to tone or rhyme but are there, but we as readers are expecting until the next line to see what it says, we are more focus in the content than in the form of this poem. 1st lines: diacope words. Tries to keep statement together with the line. Burke wrote about the concept of the sublime in the grounds of psycology Sublime associated to the contemplation of nature. Sublime not only nature but also experiences of terror and violence. Confrontation of the human being and the view of the world as something limitless. By contemplating nature you are aware of the other realities, about good and bad experiences. Middle 18th century preromantic poets: the deal with sensibility, the idea of masculinity, the idea of the men not only as a warrior but also as part of the knowledgee. The main representative was Robert Burns (1759-1796). Robert Burns (MUY IMPORTANTE PREGUNTA DE EXAMEN). Poems in Englis and Scottish dialect. Popular poetry. Defended french revolution and Scottish nationalism Proletarina voice. Revolt against Neoclassicism. Glorification of the simple and humble life. Man´s interdependence with the rhythms of nature (“To a Muse”) Satireo n Scottish religious life. He als otalked about the essential goodness of life. Characteristics of Romantic Poetry Influential middle 19th century. Coleridge was really important Romanticism: literary movement opposed to Neoclassical or Augustan principles. Romanticism is the result of an astonishing change of sensibility. The natural world, here nature is seen as living nature that we see everyday. Romantics nature as we see nowadays. The role of the artist in society someone that thinks in utopia terms and opens a new vision in our eyes; a poet is a creator. 1789 is the beginning of the Romantic period and also the year in which the French Reevolution took place. The romantic period concludes in 1832. The Romantic period was conditioned by the Industrial Revolution, the landscapes and society change, people moves from villages to cities to work in factories. The romantics were sensitive to this social conditions and supported people who where at the bottom in the hierarchy. Independence of the American colonies. Napoleonic wars: Britain threatened of being invaded by Napoleon. Shelley, Byron, Keats,experienced the absolutism. Rise of literary reviews. Great importance of new means of communication like the periodical publications so people were informed about political matters and ideas, commenting books that were published, commentaries on how these books were received. Rise of philosophies against rationalism German idealism: explored the relationship between the mind and the external world. Art began to be seen as expressive (of feelings, emotions, inner conflicts). Focus in the expression from the individual point of view. Rousseau: emphasis of freedom, natural goodness of man (noble savage). Ridiculed scientific progress. Condemned tyranny (absolutist monarchy) and corrupted institutions. William Godwin: attacked social inequality and defended freedom. Shelley was attacked by William Godwin´s Philosophy. General notions of abstract romantic poetry in general • Subjective rather than objective. • Fragmentary rather than complet • Organic rather than preconceived in form • Interested in nature, the self, the wonderful and the supernatural • Interested, too, in confusion, fluidity, indetermining. • Interested in the moment of inspiration, the first idea that came to their mind. • Form of poems related to the moment of inspiration. Preconceived forms: poetical forms that previously existed like for example the sonnets. • Form that comes together with the inspiration • The supernatural The Romantic Poet • The poet has a sense of enjoyment (of life, world and his apprehension and understanding of them). • Extraordinary sense of life and energy, of freshness and excitement, they tried to answer questions about their individuality, their existence and their role in society, about art and politics, about the future, and formulate the answers using their own way and own poetic technique. • Interested in nature, but also in dreams, fairy tales, legnds, gothic, enchantments and magics, etc. • Interest in the SELF, that individuality “which imprisons and gives freedom”. The Romantic Poet and nature • Except Blake, all the Romantics celebrated nature. • Nature was opposed to cities. There is a genuine pleasure at seeing, hearing, and feeling the freshness of the natural world. • Landscape is seen for its ability “to express some of the elusive truths and perceptions of the mind”. • “Nature is associate with physical health. • Nature is a site of the numinous, and a source of the sublime, can perceived supernatural powers. The Romantic Poet and the imagination • The poet as visionary • The imagination enjoys a creative freedom (for revelation, political change, spiritual truth, and for purely excitement). • The imagination is God-like (it parallels that of God in creation), and unique to every individual. • It is escapism, but also domination of the external world. • Originality • Emphasize in the persona vision of the world. • Originality comes from this generation. The Romantic Poet and the Self • Recognition of power within the individual • Poetry is more preoccupied with expression. • Intense use of metaphors and much more of symbols (biblical, prophetic language). • The moment of inspiration “is mysterious, natural, instinctive and holy, the working of the human spirit inspired by something greater than itself. Other aspects From Book First Iambic Pentameter Blank Verse like in Paradise Lost. “My Heart Leaps Up When I behold” Natural piety and children innocence had this experience child developed a man and died but keep innocence. Him being born in nature. Samuel Taylor Coleridge He was interested in political experimentation. Began taking Laudianism in 1796. Coleridge describes effects of opium. He studies philosophy in 1789 1802 became addictive; his friends took care of him until the end of his life. Poetical works: 2 types. Conversational poems: written in blank verse (iambic pentameter feet with no rhyme) that reproduce the rhythm of conversation. Supernatural poems: Christabell, Kubla Khan. Prose works: Aids to reflection; On the Constitution of the Church and the State (1829). Kubla Khan and Daffodils. Wordsworth: the imagination: campus virtual. Primary vs second imagination. Kublakan: particular dream that gave different meaning from other dreams. Primary imagination: just one perception. What we perceive. Secondary imagination: at the root of all poetic activity EXAM APLICAR THEORY OF THE IMAGINATION QUE ESTÁ EN EL CAMPUS VIRTUAL CON KUBLA KHAN. Daffodils I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud Launch Audio in a New Window By William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed—and gazed—but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. The poem that had no tittle, the first line was the title. Simple language of common people Rhyme: ABABCC Rhythm I wandered lonely as a cloud Sílaba: unidad de sonido que pronunciamos en un único golpe de voz. Un único golpe de voz. I wand/ered lo/nely as /a cloud : Iambic tetrameter feet. That floats/ on high /o´er vales/ and hills : Iambic tetrameter feet. The effect that produces this iambic tetrameter feet creates a rhythm of happiness mood that the poet creates. The rhythm is a rhytm of happiness. The poet was walking wandered: no plan for his walk, he is just walking. He is alone. Cloud: moves freely according to the intuition of his mind, wordsworth high meditations as a cloud in the air. Cloud above hills. Compare this daffodils with a crowd, golden daffodils gold more elevated quality than yellow (color of daffodils). Describes the place where the daffodils are. Personification of the daffodils because the daffodils cannot dance, compares movement in a rhythmical way. Compares daffodils with starts. Link earth with sky Stretched: expanded endliness. He ends the second stanza with a personification and also with the idea of the daffodils dancing as well as at the end of the first stanza. Saw I at a: hyperbaton change order: to emphasize the quantity. At a glace: de una sola vez. 3 stanza: I gazed. I saw the beauty what also saw something sublime, concentratesn ot only percives the flowers but also a deeper idea. The mind of the poet now has experience of what image would bring to him in the future, a retrospective experience. Now he is aware only in retrospective. I had Little thought of what now I would remember. After a colom: explanation. Later on when he is at home lying the image of the daffodils comes to the mind of the poet, come to his consciousness and when the come his emotions he also dances with the daffodils instead of a personification. En este poema podemos apreciar características de la teoría: The Romantic Poet and Nature. Poem: Kubla Khan: Kubla Khan By Samuel Taylor Coleridge Or, a vision in a dream. A Fragment. In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree: Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round; And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, 1815: defended Nottingham labourers. Succesfull politician and poet. Admire by young ladies, he married anne isabella. 1816: sexual relations with his stepsister. Organized a campaign for the greek Independence Died in Mesolongi, greece. Greek natural heroes. Died of fever. Childe Harold´s Pilgrimage (1816): poem description of a field after Napoleonic wars. Byron and Shelley: Satanic School Poetry: their attitude towards morality and salvation. The Byronic hero Vigor and masculinity: demands for freedom. In this poetry there is essentially one subject himself. Remorseful characters (incest, suicide of love). Both Byron and gothic fiction are tainted by incest. Internal conflicto full of contradictions that made him very complicated: cruelty and benevolence, sincerity, seriousness and flippancy, rationalism and Romantic illusion, revolt, courage and self pity, faith and cynicism. PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY He was born in Sussex. He was interested in science, gothic and elevated idealism. Oxford (expelled for atheism). Married Harriet Westbrook Campaigned radicalism in Ireland. Became a disciple of William Godwin. Relation with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. 1815: inherited his granfather´s fortune. Interest in Platonism “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” “Mont Blanc” “Ozymandias”. JOHN KEATS When he was 15 years old his mother died of tuberculosis 1811-15: worked in hospitals. 1820: Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnez and Other Poems published. 1821: Died in Rome. Negative capability: is when a man i sable to think, compose with the mind full of doubts not effort to clarify this doubts, you are happy with these doubts.: when the poet is capable of being in uncertainties. Negative is not use in a pejorative but it used to convey the idea that a person´s potential can be defined by what he or she does not possess. In formulating questions he is describing (ODE ON A GRACIAN URN), he is in doubt, not answer provided but questions are used to describe. Ozymandias (lo de Alex. Poe. Está bien) Ending full of alliteration, tries to emphasize the space and give us a whole panorama of what is around. Stress on the first syllables so rhythm Iambic. Destructivee consequences of the pass of the time. Decadence of empire and civilizations. Emotion of the aartist/ozymandias Classical themes (Egypt) 3 voices 1st voice: that say that met a traveller at the very beginning, poetic persona Shelley 2nd voice: the traveller 3rd voice: ozymandias: my name is ozymandias, immortaliza through the building of this statue. We appreciate the legacy of the artista rather than the legacy of ozymandias. Ozymandias legacy ruined, but remains is the work of the artist. Ozymandias lost what he wanted to preserve. Head: of the artista. Trunkless: decay, in ruin, material Works disappear but the voice of the poet survives, we can still see his sculpture but not the Works of this powerful man. Contast between survive and lifeless. Shelly understanding of imagination, oxymorn, what survives is a lifeless Stone, survives the capacity of the artista, the hand gave livfe to something, artista ability to create. We cannot appreciate ozymandias work, he must has been very powerful because he calls himself King of Kings. All ha disappeared, solo quedan remains of the artista. I met 1st voice versus traveler second voice in inverted commas, 3rd voice Ozymandias. We can decode “Tell that” he was able to capture his features to stamped them, from these images we can decode them and formúlate. ODE ON A GRECIAN URN Gran altar, a priest: negative capability because says misterious si diera mas información podríamos identificar el evento o el lugar donde el sacrificio tiene lugar, place not define we know that there is wáter, a Little tower on a mountain, doubts and doubts but urbana rea on the high, but citade empty, priest going to ask God for protection, so sacrifice, no people in the streets, nobody to tell what happens why is desolated. 3 different images about people and places. 5th stanza: poet praises and admires the urn: perfect shape, bonita, muy deseada por hombres y mujeres. Silence: urn no words, story through images, visual. Pastoral story: cuando la edad se lleve a la generación del poeta (1820), you will be there in the middle of other context, society changes different poems and contexts. Tu te quedarás you will continue being a friend of human being, formulation that the urn tells to the poet, your message would be beauty, beauty is truth: Keats lived in the 19th century scientific discoveries. Beauty is truth, he is refering to truth, transcendental our way of thinking to formúlate to isolate uniqueness, qualities of this one, object truth because it has good qualities and is beautiful transcendental way of thinking end chiasmus truth beauty. Making equal beauty and truth message succeeded beauty is truth. Hesitations negative capability. After contemplating this piece of art, the ocnclusion is that the interest is not in the people or the place or history, I am satisfied with the message I got, momentof pleasure by contemplating this Urn and this was truth. Negative capability: despite of the hesitations happy because at the end gets another message. Elgin Parthenon Marbles: piezas del Partenon extraídas del templo original y traídas a Londres. Generó debate lo ético de llevarlas a Londres y debate acerca de la durabilidad de la obra de arte Shelly y Keats debatían cuanto perduraría su obra viendo lo que había pasado con estas obras desafio del autor de crear obra de arte escultórica unravished por el paso del tiempo. El poema construye la Urn y la coloca en nuestro entorno. Keats hace una descripción verbal de un objeto de arte visual (Ekphrasis) verbal description of a visual object of art. Descripción libro Aquiles en la Iliada de Omero: Ekphrasis. Ode on a Grecian Urn es una Ekphrasis moderna, a partir de aquí surgen numerosas obras. Keats no descubre tal cual pero nos da una lectura de esa obra de arte, una lectura determinada de eso, lectura en segundo grado, de la representación del hecho real. 1st generation 1800: Blake, Scott, Coleridge, Wordsworth 2nd generation 1830´s: Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, Keats: Victorian poets because lived in the same period, no longer romantics, postromantics because no longer rebels only aesthetics of romantics to produce. VICTORIAN POETRY The importance of the Victorian poetry. Not as impressive achievements as the Romantic or 17th century poetry. Variety of forms: In this war we have terrible depictions of this battlefield making their society question on the purpose of the war. Wilfred Owen Traumatic images of war, obssesive. Powerful depiction of the tragedy at the war front and trenches. Alliteration, onmatopoeic, assonance, half-rhyme and pararhyme. Effects of dissonance, cacophonic sounnds which reinforce the theme. His poetry full of religious images. Many English people Christian believes refused the war and did not catch a weapon. There were propaganda against joining the army for WWI Wilfred Owen analyze from point of view of Trauma studies, traumatic experience of the war poetry, images coming to his mind permanently. Dulce Et Decorum Est : EXAM ¡!!!!!! EXPLAINED TIS POEM IN MOODLE, EXAM QUE CAE ESTE POEMA DE CABEZA, EMPOLLARSELO BIEN. Image, description of the battlefield. He concentrates on one soldier dying, he is an example for the rest of the soldiers, a soldier who was dying and this image recurrent to his mind, this image has become an icon for the rest. Rhythm Iambic pentameter. Moched: tired. Continue walking with blood around. They could not walk properly, drunk, blind 2nd stanza: they stop top ut their helmets against the gas someboy could not putt he helmet, seeing through the glasses of the helmet (the poet). Green sea: idea of toxic, breathless. 3rd stanza: image of trauma recurrent once and again, Trauma experience image. 4rd stanza: if. You : the reader if you could be there and watch. If: twice, two conditionals. Pro patria: If you have been there you will not encourage youngsters to go to the war. The old lie: making reference to the propaganda used to encourage young people to joint the war. POEM SPANISH CIVIL WAR “Un país dónde lucía el sol” Wilfred Owen dominated poetry of the 1930´s. Auden Group Oxford Poets, carismatic poet. Wilfred Owen fought with the brigades supporting the ruling power. SPAIN BY WILFRED OWEN 1st part Owen civilization. Owen not only focus in Spain but also focus in the whole world. Wrote this poem t orease funds, some Money for the Republican army. The poet telling that the conflicto was on a global basis. Middle pot: spain accepts to be the victim of history. William Butler Yeats Irish poetry in English before Yeats. Jonathan Swift: satirical, eschatological poetry and the so called “stella poems”. Samuel Ferguson (1810-1886) interest on Irish themes. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) The Ballad of Reading Gaul. Irish literary revival (or renaissance) Nationalist movement focussing on Gaelic past and Irish folklore Yeats the Celtic Twilight Abbey theatre Journals and literary reviews. Easter rising 1916 Irish Republican movement against the Britihs rule. Violent confrontations resulting in hundreds of casualties and thousands of injured followed by trials and executions. Civil disobedience and claim for Independence until 1921. 1922 official Independence of the Irish Free State (Republic of Ireland). Yeats He belonged to the London “Rhymer´s club” (1890) influenced by french symbolists. Incapable of embracing Christian orthodoxy, yet hungry por spiritual ilumination. He was attached to theosophical and hermetic studies, magic. He felt deeply in love with Maud Gonnet, she rejected him successively. Maud became for him a symbol and a focus in his explanation of his own personal commitment. Celtic Twilight period. His early poetry shows rhytmical virtuosity and decorative imagery Symbols are not used to decórate the real but to transform it The range of mood and tone expanded in successive collections. “Leda and the Swan” The beginning evokes a beat, something violent and unexpected. Some kind of creature with wings, a girl and a bird over here. Leda is absolutely passive. This bird is so powerful. Terrified: capturing her emotions, she is helpless, she cannot do anything with her finger. All this connected with Troy. Broken coat: loosing of virginity. Destruction: pictures sexual momento. Helpless under this brute creature. His knowledge is refering to the Swam, God, somewhere. Rhyme: ABAB CDCD EFG EFG. Bird is leaving here, so the future of Ireland How is it going to be? Yeats conceived historical development in terms of cycles which he called “gyre”. In this poem the main idea is the hesitation of Ireland´s future. Ireland engender a new culture/history, and independent history on its own but how is it going to be? At the beginning violent domination. Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) Admired for his public boardic (public readings) reading. Apparently formless, incoherent, he worked out his stanzas very carefully with exact syllables for the lines and musical announces. Modernist, Neo-romantic, symbolist, surrealist, Bardic. Collected poems: 99 poems. The Movement (post ww2 poets) Bored by the despair of the forties, not much interested in suffering and extremely impatient of poetic sensibility. Their tone is generally felt to be one of lower middle class, scepticism, conformist disrespect and ironical common sense (objectivity). Sobriety: rejection of Romantic excess. Philip Larkin Regarded as a minor poet. His themes: love, marriage (he never married), freedom, death, etc. His poetry makes the effect of a man speaking to other man. The Group : response to the poets of the movement The had meetings, originally in Cambridge in 1952 and connected with the magazine Celtic. They moved to London. It was desintigrated during the 1950´s.