RELATIVE CLAUSES GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES FOR PRACTISING AND SELF-ASSESSMENT, Apuntes de Idioma Inglés

¡Descarga RELATIVE CLAUSES GRAMMAR AND EXERCISES FOR PRACTISING AND SELF-ASSESSMENT y más Apuntes en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! 62 Explanations Subject or object • Subject or object Relative clauses give extra information about a noun in the main clause. Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun (who, which, that, whom, whose). The relative pronoun can be the subject of the clause: That's the woman who bought my car. The woman (subject) bought my car (object). Or the object of the clause: That's the car that I used to own. I (subject) used to own the car (object). • Combining sentences Note how sentences are combined. Subject: This is Jean. She bought my car. Jean is the person who bought my car. She is not repeated, as the person is the subject. Object: That is Jean's car. I used to own it. That's the car that I used to own. It is not repeated, as the car is the object. Defining or non- defining • Defining Defining clauses give important information which tells us exactly what is being referred to. That book which you lent me is really good. This indicates which book we are talking about. Without the relative clause, it might be difficult to understand the meaning. • Non-defining Non-defining clauses add extra information. They are separated by commas in writing, and by a pause on either side (where the commas are) in speaking. The book, which I hadn't read, was still on the shelf. This gives extra information about the book. We could miss out the relative clause and the meaning would still be clear. Omitting the relative pronoun • Defining relative clauses In a defining relative clause we can leave out the relative pronoun if it is the object of the clause. That's the car (that) I used to own. We cannot miss out the relative pronoun if it is the subject of the clause. That's the woman who bought my car. • Non-defining relative clauses In a non-defining relative clause we cannot leave out the relative pronoun. G R A M M A R 1 1 R E L A T V E CLAUSES Which, who and • That instead of which that When we talk about things, that is often used instead of which. This is very common in speech. Is this the house that you bought? - That instead of who When we talk about people, that can be used instead of who. This is less common, but we still do it, especially in speech. Have you met the boy that Sue is going to marry? • Which in non-defining clauses That cannot be used to introduce a non-defining clause. The hotel, which was a hundred years old, was very comfortable. • Prepositions That cannot be used after a preposition. This is the car (that/which) I paid £2000 for. (speech) This is the car for which I paid £2000. (formal) Whom and whose - Whom is the object form of who. It has to be used after prepositions. Its use is formal and quite rare. This is the person (who) I sold my car to. (speech) This is the person to whom I sold my car. (formal) • Whose means of whom, and usually refers to people. This is Jack. His sister is staying with us. This is Jack, whose sister is staying with us. 6.i 6 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown. a) The hotel was full of guests. The hotel was miles from anywhere. The guests had gone there to admire the scenery. The hotel, which was miles from anywhere, was full of guests .who had gone there to admire the scenery b) I lent you a book. It was written by a friend of mine. She lives in France. The book I c) A woman's jewels were stolen. A police officer was staying in the same hotel. The woman was interviewed by him. The woman whose d) A goal was scored by a teenager. He had come on as substitute. This goal won the match. The goal which e) I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers. The boy I f) My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy. He returned it. My wallet, g) My friend Albert has decided to buy a motorbike. His car was stolen last week. My friend Albert, h) Carol is a vegetarian. I cooked a meal for her last week. She enjoyed it. Carol, 7 Put one suitable word in each space, or leave the space blank where possible. Murder At The Station by Lorraine Small. Episode 5. Trouble on the 6.15. The story so far: Jane Platt, (1) who is travelling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2) witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3) she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4) she had received. There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5) FIRST CERTIF ICATE LANGUAGE P R A C T I C E G R A M M A R 11 RELATIVE CLAUSES 67 lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6) she is only to open if in trouble. Jane, (7) parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8) she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9) has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10) was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket (11) she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12) was the town (13) the murdered man had come from. On the train they meet a man, (14) face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15) says he knows her Uncle Gordon... 8 These sentences are all grammatically possible, but not appropriate in speech. Rewrite each sentence so that it ends wi th the preposition in italics. a) Margaret is the girl with whom I went on holiday. b) The golf club is the only club of which I am a member. c) That's the girl about whom we were talking. d) It was a wonderful present, for which I was extremely grateful. e) This is the school to which I used to go. f) Is this the case in which we should put the wine glasses? g) Can you move the chair on which you are sitting? h) That's the shop from which I got my shoes. i) Is that the person next to whom you usually sit? j) This is Bill, about whom you have heard so much. FIRST CERTIF ICATE L A N G U A G E PRACTICE Key points 1 9 Make one sentence from each group of sentences, beginning as shown. a) I got on a train. I wanted to go to a station. The train didn't stop there. The train I .got on didn't stop at the station I wanted to go to.. b) I read a book. You recommended a book to me. This was the book. The book I c) The ship hit an iceberg and sank. Warning messages had been sent to it. The ship ignored these. The ship, d) The postman realised I was on holiday. You had sent me a parcel. The postman left it next door. The postman, e) I used to own a dog. People came to the door. The dog never barked at them. The dog I f) I bought my car from a woman. She lives in a house. You can see the house over there. The woman I g) We went to a beach on the first day of our holiday. It was covered in seaweed. This smelled a lot. The beach we h) My neighbours have three small children. The children make a lot of noise. My neighbours never apologise. My neighbours, i) I bought a new computer. It cost me a lot of money. The new Long sentences with relative clauses are more common in writing. In speech it is more usual to join shorter clauses with conjunctions. The hotel, which was miles from anywhere, was full of guests. (writing) The hotel was miles from anywhere. It was full of guests. (speech) The hotel was miles from anywhere, and it was full of guests. (speech) 2 In speech, relative pronouns are usually left out when they are the object of the clause. This is the hook I told you about. 3 In speech it is common to end relative clauses with a preposition. That's the girl I live next door to.