resumen de filosofia, Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Historia de la Filosofía

¡Descarga resumen de filosofia y más Esquemas y mapas conceptuales en PDF de Historia de la Filosofía solo en Docsity! Page 15 CATI 31-32 31. There are two weaknesses, the common weaknesses of human nature, and the general diculties which embarrass the general diculties encountered by conscientious persons in orienting themselves in life. Dene what a utilitarian is and his own case, when he is under temptation, violation of a rule, obsrvancy.... Conscience has in abundance all doctrines that recognize as a fact in morality the existence of contradictory considerations; which all doctrines that have been believed by sane persons do. Rules of conduct cannot be so formulated that they require no exceptions, and that almost no kind of action can be safely established as always obligatory or always condemnable. There is no moral system in which unequivocal cases of contradictory obligations do not arise. contradictory. These are the real diculties, the thorny points in both the theory of ethics and the conscious orientation of personal life. the conscious orientation of personal conduct. If utility is the ultimate source of moral obligations, utility can be invoked to decide between them when their demands are incompatible. Although enforcement may be dicult, it is better than no enforcement at all.Moral laws claim independent authority, but there is no common arbiter with a right to interfere. The unacknowledged inuence of considerations of utility leave a free eld for the action of personal desires and biases. We must remember that it is only in such cases of conict between secondary principles that recourse to the former is necessary. There is no case of moral obligation in which some secondary principle does not intervene. 32.The incapacity of proof by reasoning is common to all rst principles; to the rst premises of our knowledge, as well as to those of our conduct. But the former, being matters of fact, can be the subject of direct appeal to the faculties that judge of facts, namely, our senses and our inner consciousness. Questions about ends are, in other words, questions about what things are desirable. The utilitarian doctrine is that happiness is desirable, and the only desirable thing, as an end.