¡Descarga Causes and Consequences of World War I y más Esquemas y mapas conceptuales en PDF de Psicología solo en Docsity! 2. The First World War, 1914-1918 The causes of the conflict The conflict Peace treaties and their consequences Social and political aspects 1. The causes of the conflict • European expansionism: Prior to World War I, the British and French Empires were the world’s most powerful. As the empires expanded, it resulted in increased tensions among European countries. The tensions were a result of many colonies often being acquired through coercion. Then, once a nation had been conquered, it was governed by the imperial nation: many of these colonial nations were exploited by their mother countries, and dissatisfaction and resentment was commonplace. As British and French expansionism continued, tensions rose between opposing empires, including Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, leading to the creation of the Allied Powers (Britain and France) and Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire) during World War I. • Nationalism: Nationalism was one of many political forces at play in the time leading up to World War I. In the Balkans, Slavic Serbs sought independence from Austria- Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, and in 1878, they tried to gain control of Bosnia and Herzegovina to form a unified Serbian state. With the decline of the Ottoman Empire, Serbian nationalism continued to rise. • The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand On June 28, 1914, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip. Ferdinand was chosen as a target because he was to be the heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the assassination, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, which was rejected and led Austria-Hungary to declare war against Serbia, with German support. Russia then came to Serbia’s defense, therefore initiating the First World War. 2. The conflict • The trenches • Tanks • Germ and chemical warfare Keynes warned about war reparations… “Economic privation proceeds by easy stages, and so long as men suffer it patiently the outside world cares very little. Physical efficiency and resistance to disease slowly diminish, but life proceeds somehow, until the limit of human endurance is reached at last and counsels of despair and madness stir the sufferers from the lethargy which precedes the crisis. The man shakes himself, and the bonds of custom are loosed. The power of ideas is sovereign, and he listens to whatever instruction of hope, illusion, or revenge is carried to them in the air. ... But who can say how much is endurable, or in what direction men will seek at last to escape from their misfortunes?” Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) Treaty of Saint-Germain • Formally disolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and forced the newborn Republic of Austria to accept the Independence of Czechoslovalquia, Yugoslavia and part of Poland (taken from the former empire).
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Every day life of the soldiers Many were very Young and, after being in the front, and reflected about the dichotomy between the “glorious” and “heroic” vision of the war that they had been fed and the dark bloody realities of trench warfare they experienced as their fellow soldiers died around for the “old Lie” that it is good and sweet to die for your country. • https:// www.europeana.eu/en/exhibitions/untold-stories-of-the-first-world-wa r • https://www.loc.gov/vets/stories/wwi-diaries-memoirs.html • Check both webpages, and select two personal stories. 4. Social and political aspects of the war • Women empowerment • Changes in arts • Change in mentalities Changes in women's body
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Arts • Futurism • Cubism • Dadaism • Architecture Futurism • an Italian art movement of the early twentieth century that aimed to capture in art the dynamism and energy of the modern world • launched by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1909 • futurism was exceptionally vehement in its denunciation of the past. (“We declare…a new beauty, the beauty of speed. A racing motor car…is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace”. ) • Photo: Umberto Boccioni: Unique forms of continuity in Space.
