South America's Post-1945 Economy, Society, and Politics in a Diverse Region - Prof. Mees, Apuntes de Comunicación Audiovisual

¡Descarga South America's Post-1945 Economy, Society, and Politics in a Diverse Region - Prof. Mees y más Apuntes en PDF de Comunicación Audiovisual solo en Docsity! V. SOUTH AMERICA AFTER 1945 21 states 604 million Inhabitants (2013) 21 million square km Alt hou gh it is a larg e and ver y het ero gen eou s terr itor y, ther e are so me imp orta nt co mm on feat ure s duri ng the dec ade s afte r W W II: Eco no mic dev elo pm ent, De mo gra phy , Soc iety , Political evolution: influence of the US. 1. Economy End of WW II: strong economic growth until the acute crisis of the 1980s. Reasons for the growth: • International demand (raw materials, agrarian products). • Nationalist politics of some governments: substitution of imports and nationalization of some economic sectors. Most important example of these nationalist economic politics: Argentine. ○ Juan Domingo Perón, member of the Justicialista party, was leader of a populist regime (1946-55). ○ Important role: his wife Eva Duarte (“Evita”). Political measures in favor of the poor. Her death in 1952 deprived the regime of its charismatic figure. This decay, the economic crisis and the conflict with the Catholic Church provoked a military coup d'état in 1955. ○ Perón escaped to exile (Madrid); 1973: after his return and an electoral victory, he started his third term. He died in 1974. 1946-73: The South American average GDP increased by 5,5 %: • More than the growth of most countries in Africa and Asia. • More than the growth of the western industrialized countries (4,7 %). • Obstacles: unbalanced economic growth; demographic growth*; dependence on foreign capital. *Demography: • Fast demographic growth: 1945: 140 million; 1965: 232; 1980: 348; 1997: 476; 2000: 540; 2013: 604 • Inner migration, urbanization (2010: 79 % of the population in urban centers). • South America: demography • Example: Mexico City (1960: 8,6 million; 1995: 15; counting suburbs: 23 = 24 % of the total Mexican population). • Biggest city in the world: Tokio (28), second: Mexico; third: Sao Paulo (22) • Poverty quarters: “favelas” in Rio de Janeiro; “barriadas” in Lima, etc.