Student book of summit, Apuntes de Inglés Técnico

¡Descarga Student book of summit y más Apuntes en PDF de Inglés Técnico solo en Docsity! 2 UNIT 1 1 UNIT preview Outlook and Behavior COMMUNICATION GOALS 1 Describe your personality 2 Discuss someone’s behavior 3 Compare perspectives on world problems 4 Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal A FRAME YOUR IDEAS Complete the quiz by writing your points in the circles. Then calculate your score. B PAIR WORK Compare answers with a partner. Are your scores similar, or very different? Which of you has the more optimistic, realistic, or pessimistic outlook on life, according to the quiz? C GROUP WORK Calculate the average score for the members of the class. On average, how optimistic, realistic, or pessimistic is your class? When you are introduced to someone new, you... assume that person is a nice person. 1 point keep an open mind about whether you’ll like each other. 2 points assume that person won’t like or respect you. 3 points News about crime or disasters makes you... think about how you can help. 1 point realize that sometimes bad things happen. 2 points feel very unsafe. 3 points You wake up in the middle of the night with a stomachache. Your fi rst thought is... “I’m sure it’s nothing. I’ll just go back to sleep.” 1 point “It’s probably nothing serious. I’ll just take some medicine.” 2 points “This could be serious. I’d better go to the doctor.” 3 points Your boss invites you to have lunch in a restaurant. You say to yourself... “I must be getting a promotion or a raise. That’s really nice!” 1 point “My boss must like to socialize with everyone from time to time.” 2 points “Uh-oh! There must be some problem with my work.” 3 points How do you see the world? Do you have a positive or a negative outlook? If someone unexpectedly knocks on your door, you think... “Great! It’s probably a friend or a relative here to surprise me.” 1 point “I wonder who that could be. I’ll go fi nd out.” 2 points “I’m not answering. It could be a salesperson or even a criminal.” 3 points You apply for your “dream job,” but you don’t get it. You think... “I guess this wasn’t really my dream job. I’ll fi nd a better job somewhere else.” 1 point “Oh, well. You win some and you lose some.” 2 points “I’ll never get the job I want.” 3 points Is the glass half full or half empty?” 2 3 4 5 6 1 Realist, or Optimist, Pessimist? QUIZ ADD UP YOUR POINTS 6–9 POINTS You’re an optimist. You have a positive outlook and tend to see the glass half full. 10–14 POINTS You’re a realist. You tend to see the world as it really is. 15–18 POINTS You’re a pessimist. You have a negative outlook and tend to see the glass half empty. M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 2 27/07/2016 13:56 3 D 1:02 SPOTLIGHT Read and listen to two friends talking about a new virus they’re concerned about. Notice the spotlighted language. ENGLISH FOR TODAY’S WORLD Understand a variety of accents. Leo = American English (standard) Nora = American English (standard) Leo: Did you hear about that new virus going around? Chikungunya? Nora: Chikun-what? Oh! You mean the one that comes from mosquitos? Leo: As a matter of fact, yes. Just like Zika. Nora: We’ve never had either of those viruses here before. Leo: Well, they say it’s due to global warming — all those mosquitos from the warmer weather. I suppose it’s just a matter of time ‘til we get all kinds of new diseases. Nora: You sure are a pessimist. I agree it’s scary. But hey, what are you going to do ? Leo: I’m just saying this has started getting to me and I’m scared. I read that if you come down with Chikungunya, you can be sick for a year … or even more. Nora: Right. But they say it’s still pretty rare around here. These things are just part of life. You’ve got to roll with the punches , if you know what I mean. I’m not going to worry about it. Leo: Well, I am. Anyway, I’m not going to the company dinner at that outdoor restaurant. You’re just a sitting duck out there, with the mosquitos and everything. Nora: What about just wearing long sleeves and hoping for the best? I mean, how unlucky could you be? Leo: Well, I’m going to call in sick and say I can’t go. Better safe than sorry . 5 You’re just a sitting duck out there. a There’s nothing you can do to protect yourself. b You probably won’t get sick. 6 Better safe than sorry. a It’s better to stay safe and have no regrets. b I’m sorry, but I’m sick. F COMPARE AND CONTRAST Discuss the questions. 1 How would you describe Leo’s and Nora’s outlooks? How are they different? 2 Who are you more like, Leo or Nora?  SPEAKING ROLE PLAY Take turns responding to the following statements related to the situations in the quiz on page 2. Use idioms from Exercise E in your responses. Then change roles. E UNDERSTAND IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS Find the following expressions in Spotlight. Choose the meaning that more closely explains each one. 1 It’s just a matter of time. a It will take a long time. b It will certainly happen in the future. 2 Hey, what are you going to do? a There’s nothing anyone can do about it. b What plans do you have? 3 This has started getting to me. a This is beginning to bother me. b I’m beginning to get sick. 4 You’ve got to roll with the punches. a You have to deal with life’s difficulties and move on. b You shouldn’t accept the difficulties life brings. M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 3 27/07/2016 13:57 6 UNIT 1 B RELATE TO PERSONAL EXPERIENCE Find these words and phrases in the Grammar Spotlight. With a partner, talk about people you know or have known who behave like people described in the Grammar Spotlight. Provide examples. 2 GOAL Discuss someone’s behavior LESS ON C 1:08 LISTEN TO CLASSIFY Listen to people describe other people’s behavior, using noun and pronoun objects before in nitives. Check the description(s) of each person, according to the opinions expressed. 1 Margaret is: a workaholic a pain in the neck a team player 2 Peter is: a people person a tyrant a pain in the neck 3 Tim is: a tyrant a pain in the neck a workaholic D GRAMMAR VERBS THAT REQUIRE A NOUN OR PRONOUN BEFORE AN INFINITIVE Remember: Some verbs can be followed directly by an in nitive. However, in the active voice, some verbs must have a noun or pronoun object before the in nitive. Active Passive He ordered us to leave the of ce. (We were ordered to leave the of ce.) The sign warned drivers not to speed . (Drivers were warned not to speed.) We told them to be on time. (They were told to be on time.) She taught them to swim last year. (They were taught to swim last year.) Some verbs, such as would like , want , ask , expect , and need , are used with or without a noun or pronoun object in the active voice, depending on the meaning. Without an object With an object We ’d like to eat healthier food. We ’d like our children to eat healthier food, too. She wants to drive the new car. She wants me to drive the new car. Tom asked to see the director. Tom asked Emily to see the director. Negative infinitives To make an infinitive negative, place not before the infinitive: They advised us not to come late to the meeting. Remember: To make a gerund negative, also place not before the gerund: They complained about not having enough time. A 1:07 GRAMMAR SPOTLIGHT Read how these four people describe other people’s behavior. Notice the spotlighted grammar. I’ll never forget my high-school drama teacher, Mr. Mellon. He was such a tyrant! He used to force us to say our lines over and over until it drove us crazy. And if anyone forgot even one word, he would forbid them to go home until they had learned the line. He would warn them to learn every line perfectly by the next class, or they couldn’t be in the play. Everyone hated him. He took all the fun out of drama. Sarah Beth Linehan, 30 Melbourne, Australia Martina Braun, 21 Frankfurt, Germany Richard Rowan, 43 Saint Louis, USACindy Yu, 27 Boston, USA My colleague Lily at the travel agency where I work is a real people person. Most of us prefer to do everything by e-mail or online, but Lily invites all her clients (even the di cult ones!) to come in to the o ce and tell her their dream vacation ideas, and she tries to make those a reality for them. And Lily’s such a team player. If one of us has too much to do, she o ers to help. Everyone loves Lily. My manager, Chris, is a real sweetheart. He wants all of us to succeed . And he encourages us to learn new skills so we can move up in the company. He’s also really kind and understanding. He permits us to work at home when we have a sick kid. You’ll never fi nd a better boss than Chris! I share an apartment with three roommates, but one of them, Erika, is an annoying pain in the neck! First, she’s a total workaholic. Between her studies and her after-school job, she’s rarely here, and when she is, she just keeps working. My other two roommates and I do all the chores: shop for groceries, cook, wash the dishes, and so on. When we complain that Erika’s not pulling her weight, she just asks us to do her chores because she doesn’t have time! Time? It’s time for her to move out! a pain in the neck a team player a people person a tyrant a sweetheart a workaholic DIGITAL INDUCTIVE ACTIVITY DIGITAL STRATEGIES M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 6 27/07/2016 13:57 7 The CEO invited spouses of co-workers to attend the reception. For a list of verbs that can be followed directly by an infinitive in the active voice, see page 124. Discuss someone’s behavior NOW YOU CAN A NOTEPADDING Choose two people you know. Make statements about each person’s personality and behavior, using one of the verbs from the list in the chart at the top of this page. Description 1 My sister is a sweetheart. She encourages everyone to get along. Description 1 2 Description 1 2 PRONUNCIATION BOOSTER p. 141 Content words and function words B DISCUSSION ACTIVATOR Discuss the people you wrote about on your notepads. Say as much as you can about them. • easygoing • hardworking • helpful • modest • outgoing • reliable • serious • talkative • an optimist • a pessimist • a realist • a sweetheart • a team player RECYCLE THIS LANGUAGE These verbs require a noun or pronoun object before an in nitive in the active voice . advise allow cause convince encourage forbid force hire instruct invite order pay permit persuade remind require teach warn E UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR On a separate sheet of paper, change each sentence to the active voice. Use the by phrase as the subject. 1 Spouses of co-workers were invited (by the CEO) to attend the reception. 2 Drivers were told (by the hotel security guards) to stop at the entrance to the hotel. 3 Employees were required (by the rules) to return from lunch at 2:00. 4 We were encouraged (by our manager) to tweet our questions to the speaker. 5 They were advised (by the invitation) to be at the restaurant before 8:00 P.M. F GRAMMAR PRACTICE Complete the sentences with your own ideas, an object, and an in nitive. 1 The change in the meeting schedule caused us to postpone our flight . 2 The bad weather on the day of the game convinced to . 3 Should we remind to ? 4 The sign at the entrance to the event warned to . 5 Why don’t you pay to ? 6 The article in the newspaper about the accident persuaded to . G PAIR WORK With a partner, take turns answering the questions, using the cues provided. 1 A: Is Mark bringing the food for the picnic? B: No, Mark expects us to bring the food. (expect / us / bring) 2 A: Have you spoken to the manager about the broken equipment? B: No. I to her about it. (ask / Ken / speak) 3 A: Who’s going to be the first speaker at the event? B: Actually, I the first one. (would like / you / be) 4 A: Do you want to write the summary of what happened at the meeting? B: I’d rather not. I it. (want / Kathy / write) 5 B: Didn’t you need to discuss the new e-mail system with Mr. Green? A: Actually, I with him about it. (want / my assistant / speak) DIGITAL MORE EXERCISES DIGITAL VIDEO M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 7 27/07/2016 13:57 8 UNIT 1 A LISTENING WARM-UP How much do you worry about epidemics, terrorism, and crime? Write each one on the graph. Then discuss with a partner. 3 GOAL Compare perspectives on world problems LESS ON B 1:09 LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen. Write the problem discussed in each conversation. Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3 C 1:10 LISTEN FOR DETAILS Listen again. Circle T (true), F (false), or ND (not discussed). 1 a She says there aren’t a lot of newspaper articles about crime. b He thinks there’s nothing anyone can do about crime. T T F F ND ND 2 a She thinks breathing the air on planes can be dangerous. b He thinks international travel will spread the disease all over the world. T T F F ND ND 3 a He worries about terrorism in crowded places. b She thinks terrorism is caused by poverty. T T F F ND ND D UNDERSTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT Read each quotation. Then listen again and complete each statement. Conversation 1 1 When the woman says, “Crime is just out of control,” she means . a there’s a huge amount of crime b we have to control crime 2 When the man says, “What is the world coming to?” he is asking, a “Where in the world can we go to avoid crime?” b “What is the future of the world?” 3 When he says, “Better safe than sorry,” he is saying . a don’t tempt criminals by wearing jewelry b just stay home where it’s safe Conversation 2 4 When the man says, “I think I’m getting a little obsessed,” he means, a “I’m thinking about this way too much.” b “I’m afraid I’m getting sick.” 5 When she says, “Well, I don’t think that’s crazy,” she means . a he’s right to be worried b the disease is extremely bad 6 When the woman says, “It’s even more contagious,” she worries . a it could cause an epidemic b it won’t last for long Conversation 3 7 When the man says, “I don’t know about you, but I’m getting a little freaked out about terrorism,” he’s really saying, a “Are you as scared as I am about terrorism?” b “I don’t know how to stop terrorism. Do you?” 8 When the woman says, “Well, that’s no way to live,” she means, a “You are going to die.” b “It’s impossible to live normally with that outlook.” 9 When she says, “It is what it is,” she means, a “What is it?” b “There’s nothing anyone can do about it.” 10 When the man says, “I guess I’m going a little overboard,” he means, a “I’m making this too important.” b “I’m not interested in this issue.” DIGITAL STRATEGIES NOT AT ALL A LOT M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 8 27/07/2016 13:57 F 1:12 WORD STUDY ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES - FUL AND - LESS Expand your vocabulary by learning these adjectives from the Reading on page 10 with the suf xes -ful (meaning “with”) and -less (meaning “without”). Write one sentence using one of each pair. Be careful! Not all words that end in -ful and - less are opposite equivalents. Restful refers to a calm place or an experience, while restless refers to a person’s feeling of physical nervousness. Always check the dictionary to confirm meaning. - ful - less My sentence careful careless hopeful hopeless meaningful meaningless painful painless powerful powerless purposeful purposeless useful useless G WORD STUDY PRACTICE The following pairs of words aren’t opposite equivalents. With a partner, discuss the difference in meaning of the words in these pairs. restful / restles s: We had a very restful vacation and didn’t do much. / I was so restless last night. I couldn’t sleep. helpful / helpless: Your brother is so helpful. He always offers to do the chores at home. / Babies are so helpless. They can’t do anything for themselves. pitiful / pitiless: It was pitiful to see that poor cat looking for food. / How can people be so pitiless that they’d let a cat starve? Discuss creative ways to achieve a goal NOW YOU CAN A NOTEPADDING Phil Secrest’s goal was to  nd the camera’s owner. With a partner, brainstorm and write creative ways to achieve the goals on the notepad. B DISCUSSION Choose one goal and in a small group discuss ways to achieve it, based on your ideas from Exercise A. Present your ideas to the class. Not everyone will want to donate a lot of money. So it’s important to keep a positive attitude. If everyone gives a little, or donates time to help, we can still reach our goal. Goals: To collect money for a good cause To locate an organ donor for a sick person To warn people about a danger To find a lost person To spread a political message  OPTIONAL WRITING In a paragraph, present the ideas you developed in Exercise B. 11 DIGITAL STRATEGIES M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 11 27/07/2016 13:57 12 UNIT 1 A WRITING SKILL Study the rules. A paragraph consists of sentences about one topic. The most important sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence . It is often (though not always) the fi rst sentence, and it introduces, states, or summarizes the topic of a paragraph. For example: Workaholics lead unbalanced lives. In formal or academic writing, all the supporting sentences that follow, surround, or precede a topic sentence—details, examples, and other facts—must be related to the topic presented in the topic sentence. If the last sentence of a paragraph isn’t its topic sentence, and especially if the paragraph is a long one, writers sometimes end it with a concluding sentence that restates the topic sentence or summarizes the paragraph. Concluding sentences commonly use phrases such as In conclusion or In summary . WRITING Paragraph structure: Review B PRACTICE The sentences below form a paragraph, but they are out of order. Write T next to the topic sentence, S next to each of the four supporting sentences, and C next to the concluding sentence. Then, on a separate sheet of paper, put the sentences in order and rewrite the paragraph. 1 She took a night-shift job so she didn’t have to do much work. 2 Since they’re very intelligent, some figure out how to do less work. 3 Very intelligent people, or “brains,” are sometimes lazy people. 4 I had a friend who was a member of Mensa, an organization for people who are really smart. 5 To sum up, sometimes intelligent people use their intelligence to get out of doing work. 6 She could read novels most of the night and still get a paycheck. C PRACTICE Read the two paragraphs. Find and underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence in each paragraph. Workaholics lead unbalanced lives. They spend all their energy on work. They rarely take time to relax and let their minds rest. I know, because my father was a workaholic, and he worked every day of the week. We hardly ever saw him. Even when he was not at work, we knew he was thinking about work. He seemed never to think of anything else. In summary, not knowing how to escape from work makes it diffi cult for a workaholic to fi nd balance in his or her life. WRITING MODEL Terrorist acts take many forms, but all have one thing in common: the senseless targeting of innocent people to achieve maximum pain, fear, and disruption. In one type of act, a terrorist kills or harms a single individual for no apparent reason. In others, terrorists detonate explosives or bombs in crowded markets or at public events. In still others, terrorists attack public transportation, harming or killing many people at once. In conclusion, although I generally have a positive outlook, I think it is just a matter of time until terrorists harm me or people I know and love. The things that worry many people don’t worry me. For example, many people worry about war, epidemics, and natural catastrophes, such as storms and earthquakes. An individual person can’t do anything about war, so why worry about it? I believe in hoping for the best. Epidemics can be terrible, but I trust in modern medicine and think scientists are doing everything they can to discover vaccines and treatments for them. And storms and earthquakes are relatively rare and can’t be prevented, so it’s best just to keep an optimistic outlook. Of course it would be silly not to take precautions that can help. “Better safe than sorry,” as they say, but in most cases it’s best just to try to roll with the punches. D APPLY THE WRITING SKILL Choose one (or more) world problems that worry you. Write a paragraph describing your outlook and attitude about the problem. Use the writing models in Exercise C as an example. SELF-CHECK Does my paragraph have a topic sentence? Do the supporting sentences in my paragraph all relate to the topic? Do I have a concluding sentence? DIGITAL WRITING PROCESS M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 12 27/07/2016 13:57 review 13 A 1:13 Listen to the people talking about their reactions to events in the news. Decide if each speaker is an optimist, a pessimist, or a realist. 1 John 2 Susan 3 Matt B Now read the statements. Write the name of the person from the listening who is most likely to have said each statement. Listen again if necessary. 1 “You’ve got to be practical. There will be some problems in life that you can solve and some that you can’t. What’s important is realizing when something is beyond your control. I mean, it is what it is.” 2 “Life is full of hard times. Bad things happen and there’s very little you can do about it.” 3 “It’s important to see a problem as both a challenge and an opportunity for success. Difficult experiences can make a person stronger.” C Complete each description in your own words. 1 An easygoing person is someone who . 2 An outgoing person is someone who . 3 A reliable person is someone who . 4 A helpful person is someone who . D Complete each conversation with one of the words that describe behavior from page 6. 1 A: Looks like I have to work overtime again tonight. My boss just gave me three projects to complete by the end of the day. B: You’re kidding. He sounds like a real ! 2 A: You know, without Sarah’s help, I would never have completed that presentation in time. B: Tell me about it. She really helped me out with my sales campaign last month. She’s such a . 3 A: Tom is really a . I ran into him in the park last weekend, and he was sitting on a bench and working on that report. B: Yeah, that’s Tom all right. He never stops! 4 A: I don’t think Jill had a very good time at the party—she didn’t say a word the whole evening. B: Well, Jill doesn’t feel comfortable in social situations. She’s just not a . E Complete each sentence with one of the adjectives from Word Study on page 11. 1 Excellent dental anesthesia today makes almost all dental treatment . 2 Sometimes we feel completely ; there’s just nothing we can do to make something happen. 3 The Internet can be very in helping us communicate with a large number of people at once. 4 I’m about the future. I think things will change for the better. 5 Some say the colors of a painting create a more impression than the black and white of a pencil drawing. Web Project: Personality Types www.english.com/summit3e TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER p. 151 DIGITAL GAME M01_SUMM_SB_LVL1_6070_U01.indd 13 27/07/2016 13:57