Understanding the 5 Components for Effective English Communication - Prof. Sanz, Apuntes de Lingüística

¡Descarga Understanding the 5 Components for Effective English Communication - Prof. Sanz y más Apuntes en PDF de Lingüística solo en Docsity! S U M M A R Y C H A P T E R 2 1. COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE ABILITY Communicative language ability is to be able to communicate effectively in English by reading, writing, listening and speaking. • One of the first researchers who used the term communicative was Chomsky: he distinguishes between competence → The knowledge of language that the learner has got and performance → The use of the language that the learners make. • For Hymes, communicative competence, means the learners need to know rules of speech → without them, grammar rules are useless. • Bachman’s → Communicative language ability: Learner needs knowledge and ability to put it into communication. This means not only to learn grammar rules, but social and cultural knowledge is necessary too. • The five components of communicative language ability are: • Linguistic competence • Pragmatic competence • Discourse competence • Strategic competence • Fluency • The five components happen at the same time in the message. 1.. LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE • Learners need to know the language itself → form and meaning. • This knowledge implies: • Grammatical forms • Pronunciation • Vocabulary • Syntax • Semantic -1- • It’s necessary to get correctness in order to achieve a linguistic competence. • It’s important to keep in mind that correctness in the use of rules is not incompatible with tolerating risking-taking → it’s necessary to achieve a balance between both. 1.1.2 PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE • It means to use the language, speaking and writing, in a specific context → it’s what is appropriate-no appropriate in the context. • Two kinds of ability are necessary. • Illocutionary competence → The ability of using language to communicate intentions. Form is not the same that function: the same statement could have different meanings, that is, different illocutionary forces → the real meaning that has an utterance in its context. • At the same time, learners need to have a social knowledge, the appropriate social conventions → sociolinguistic competence. It’s very important to choice the appropriate vocabulary or structures depending on the speakers and their relationship. As Hymes says: to be “contextually appropriate”. 1.1.3 DISCOURSE COMPETENCE • It’s the organization of the language, the combination of sentences in a cohesive way when we are speaking or writing. • We can achieve the discourse competence using cohesive devices. • As it has said, this competence is necessary in speaking language, what it means: • How to maintain the conversation • How to perform the turns in the discourse • How to develop a topic • Discourse competence in written language (textual competence): • To be able to understand and produce texts in different genres • To be able to cope with authentic texts -2- 1.1.4 STRATEGIC COMPETENCE • It is the competence that learners need to use strategies to be able to communicate.