Tablas de datos termidinamicos, Traducciones de Química

¡Descarga Tablas de datos termidinamicos y más Traducciones en PDF de Química solo en Docsity! A-5 Appendix ii Useful data 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 BBe C FH N O Atomic number: Atomic symbol: 20 29 30 35 53 54 I XeCu Zn BrCa Atomic number: Atomic symbol: Si Cl KMgNa P S 11 12 14 15 16 17 19Atomic number: Atomic symbol: B. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 25 °C Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) Aluminum Al(s) 0 0 28.32 Al(g) 330.0 289.4 164.6 Al3+(aq) -538.4 -483 -325 AlCl3(s) -704.2 -628.8 109.3 Al2O3(s) -1675.7 -1582.3 50.9 Barium Ba(s) 0 0 62.5 Ba(g) 180.0 146.0 170.2 Ba2+(aq) -537.6 -560.8 9.6 BaCO3(s) -1213.0 -1134.4 112.1 BaCl2(s) -855.0 -806.7 123.7 BaO(s) -548.0 -520.3 72.1 Ba(OH)2(s) -944.7 BaSO4(s) -1473.2 -1362.2 132.2 Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) Beryllium Be(s) 0 0 9.5 BeO(s) -609.4 -580.1 13.8 Be(OH)2(s) -902.5 -815.0 45.5 Bismuth Bi(s) 0 0 56.7 BiCl3(s) -379.1 -315.0 177.0 Bi2O3(s) -573.9 -493.7 151.5 Bi2S3(s) -143.1 -140.6 200.4 Boron B(s) 0 0 5.9 B(g) 565.0 521.0 153.4 BCl3(g) -403.8 -388.7 290.1 BF3(g) -1136.0 -1119.4 254.4 B2H6(g) 36.4 87.6 232.1 —(Continued on the next page) A. Atomic Colors A-6 Appendix ii Useful Data Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) B2O3(s) -1273.5 -1194.3 54.0 H3BO3(s) -1094.3 -968.9 90.0 Bromine Br(g) 111.9 82.4 175.0 Br2(l ) 0 0 152.2 Br2(g) 30.9 3.1 245.5 Br-(aq) -121.4 -102.8 80.71 HBr(g) -36.3 -53.4 198.7 Cadmium Cd(s) 0 0 51.8 Cd(g) 111.8 77.3 167.7 Cd2+(aq) -75.9 -77.6 -73.2 CdCl2(s) -391.5 -343.9 115.3 CdO(s) -258.4 -228.7 54.8 CdS(s) -161.9 -156.5 64.9 CdSO4(s) -933.3 -822.7 123.0 Calcium Ca(s) 0 0 41.6 Ca(g) 177.8 144.0 154.9 Ca2+(aq) -542.8 -553.6 -53.1 CaC2(s) -59.8 -64.9 70.0 CaCO3(s) -1207.6 -1129.1 91.7 CaCl2(s) -795.4 -748.8 108.4 CaF2(s) -1228.0 -1175.6 68.5 CaH2(s) -181.5 -142.5 41.4 Ca(NO3)2(s) -938.2 -742.8 193.2 CaO(s) -634.9 -603.3 38.1 Ca(OH)2(s) -985.2 -897.5 83.4 CaSO4(s) -1434.5 -1322.0 106.5 Ca3(PO4)2(s) -4120.8 -3884.7 236.0 Carbon C(s, graphite) 0 0 5.7 C(s, diamond) 1.88 2.9 2.4 C(g) 716.7 671.3 158.1 CH4(g) -74.6 -50.5 186.3 CH3Cl(g) -81.9 -60.2 234.6 CH2Cl2(g) -95.4 270.2 CH2Cl2(l ) -124.2 -63.2 177.8 CHCl3(l ) -134.1 -73.7 201.7 CCl4(g) -95.7 -62.3 309.7 CCl4(l ) -128.2 -66.4 216.4 CH2O(g) -108.6 -102.5 218.8 CH2O2 (l, formic acid) -425.0 -361.4 129.0 CH3NH2 (g, methylamine) -22.5 32.7 242.9 CH3OH(l ) -238.6 -166.6 126.8 CH3OH(g) -201.0 -162.3 239.9 Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) C2H2(g) 227.4 209.9 200.9 C2H4(g) 52.4 68.4 219.3 C2H6(g) -84.68 -32.0 229.2 C2H5OH(l ) -277.6 -174.8 160.7 C2H5OH(g) -234.8 -167.9 281.6 C2H3Cl (g, vinyl chloride) 37.2 53.6 264.0 C2H4Cl2 (l, dichloroethane) -166.8 -79.6 208.5 C2H4O (g, acetaldehyde) -166.2 -133.0 263.8 C2H4O2 (l, acetic acid) -484.3 -389.9 159.8 C3H8(g) -103.85 -23.4 270.3 C3H6O (l, acetone) -248.4 -155.6 199.8 C3H7OH (l, isopropanol) -318.1 181.1 C4H10(l ) -147.3 -15.0 231.0 C4H10(g) -125.7 -15.71 310.0 C6H6(l ) 49.1 124.5 173.4 C6H5NH2 (l, aniline) 31.6 149.2 191.9 C6H5OH (s, phenol) -165.1 -50.4 144.0 C6H12O6 (s, glucose) -1273.3 -910.4 212.1 C10H8 (s, naphthalene) 78.5 201.6 167.4 C12H22O11 (s, sucrose) -2226.1 -1544.3 360.24 CO(g) -110.5 -137.2 197.7 CO2(g) -393.5 -394.4 213.8 CO2(aq) -413.8 -386.0 117.6 CO3 2 - (aq) -677.1 -527.8 -56.9 HCO3 -(aq) -692.0 -586.8 91.2 H2CO3(aq) -699.7 -623.2 187.4 CN-(aq) 151 166 118 HCN(l) 108.9 125.0 112.8 HCN(g) 135.1 124.7 201.8 CS2(l ) 89.0 64.6 151.3 CS2(g) 116.7 67.1 237.8 COCl2(g) -219.1 -204.9 283.5 C60(s) 2327.0 2302.0 426.0 Cesium Cs(s) 0 0 85.2 Cs(g) 76.5 49.6 175.6 Cs+(aq) -258.0 -292.0 132.1 CsBr(s) -400 -387 117 CsCl(s) -438 -414 101.2 CsF(s) -553.5 -525.5 92.8 CsI(s) -342 -337 127 Appendix ii Useful Data A-9 Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) KOH(s) -424.6 -379.4 81.2 KOH(aq) -482.4 -440.5 91.6 KO2(s) -284.9 -239.4 116.7 K2CO3(s) -1151.0 -1063.5 155.5 K2O(s) -361.5 -322.1 94.14 K2O2(s) -494.1 -425.1 102.1 K2SO4(s) -1437.8 -1321.4 175.6 Rubidium Rb(s) 0 0 76.8 Rb(g) 80.9 53.1 170.1 Rb+(aq) -251.12 -283.1 121.75 RbBr(s) -394.6 -381.8 110.0 RbCl(s) -435.4 -407.8 95.9 RbClO3(s) -392.4 -292.0 152 RbF(s) -557.7 RbI(s) -333.8 -328.9 118.4 Scandium Sc(s) 0 0 34.6 Sc(g) 377.8 336.0 174.8 Selenium Se(s, gray) 0 0 42.4 Se(g) 227.1 187.0 176.7 H2Se(g) 29.7 15.9 219.0 Silicon Si(s) 0 0 18.8 Si(g) 450.0 405.5 168.0 SiCl4(l ) -687.0 -619.8 239.7 SiF4(g) -1615.0 -1572.8 282.8 SiH4(g) 34.3 56.9 204.6 SiO2(s, quartz) -910.7 -856.3 41.5 Si2H6(g) 80.3 127.3 272.7 Silver Ag(s) 0 0 42.6 Ag(g) 284.9 246.0 173.0 Ag+(aq) 105.79 77.11 73.45 AgBr(s) -100.4 -96.9 107.1 AgCl(s) -127.0 -109.8 96.3 AgF(s) -204.6 -185 84 AgI(s) -61.8 -66.2 115.5 AgNO3(s) -124.4 -33.4 140.9 Ag2O(s) -31.1 -11.2 121.3 Ag2S(s) -32.6 -40.7 144.0 Ag2SO4(s) -715.9 -618.4 200.4 Sodium Na(s) 0 0 51.3 Na(g) 107.5 77.0 153.7 Na+(aq) -240.34 -261.9 58.45 NaBr(s) -361.1 -349.0 86.8 NaCl(s) -411.2 -384.1 72.1 NaCl(aq) -407.2 -393.1 115.5 Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) NaClO3(s) -365.8 -262.3 123.4 NaF(s) -576.6 -546.3 51.1 NaHCO3(s) -950.8 -851.0 101.7 NaHSO4(s) -1125.5 -992.8 113.0 NaI(s) -287.8 -286.1 98.5 NaNO3(s) -467.9 -367.0 116.5 NaNO3(aq) -447.5 -373.2 205.4 NaOH(s) -425.8 -379.7 64.4 NaOH(aq) -470.1 -419.2 48.2 NaO2(s) -260.2 -218.4 115.9 Na2CO3(s) -1130.7 -1044.4 135.0 Na2O(s) -414.2 -375.5 75.1 Na2O2(s) -510.9 -447.7 95.0 Na2SO4(s) -1387.1 -1270.2 149.6 Na3PO4(s) -1917 -1789 173.8 Strontium Sr(s) 0 0 55.0 Sr(g) 164.4 130.9 164.6 Sr2+(aq) -545.51 -557.3 -39 SrCl2(s) -828.9 -781.1 114.9 SrCO3(s) -1220.1 -1140.1 97.1 SrO(s) -592.0 -561.9 54.4 SrSO4(s) -1453.1 -1340.9 117.0 Sulfur S(s, rhombic) 0 0 32.1 S(s, monoclinic) 0.3 0.096 32.6 S(g) 277.2 236.7 167.8 S2(g) 128.6 79.7 228.2 S8(g) 102.3 49.7 430.9 S2-(aq) 41.8 83.7 22 SF6(g) -1220.5 -1116.5 291.5 HS-(aq) -17.7 12.4 62.0 H2S(g) -20.6 -33.4 205.8 H2S(aq) -39.4 -27.7 122 SOCl2(l ) -245.6 SO2(g) -296.8 -300.1 248.2 SO3(g) -395.7 -371.1 256.8 SO4 2 - (aq) -909.3 -744.6 18.5 HSO4 -(aq) -886.5 -754.4 129.5 H2SO4(l ) -814.0 -690.0 156.9 H2SO4(aq) -909.3 -744.6 18.5 S2O3 2-(aq) -648.5 -522.5 67 Tin Sn(s, white) 0 0 51.2 Sn(s, gray) -2.1 0.1 44.1 Sn(g) 301.2 266.2 168.5 SnCl4(l ) -511.3 -440.1 258.6 SnCl4(g) -471.5 -432.2 365.8 SnO(s) -280.7 -251.9 57.2 SnO2(s) -577.6 -515.8 49.0 —(Continued on the next page) A-10 Appendix ii Useful Data Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) Titanium Ti(s) 0 0 30.7 Ti(g) 473.0 428.4 180.3 TiCl4(l ) -804.2 -737.2 252.3 TiCl4(g) -763.2 -726.3 353.2 TiO2(s) -944.0 -888.8 50.6 Tungsten W(s) 0 0 32.6 W(g) 849.4 807.1 174.0 WO3(s) -842.9 -764.0 75.9 Uranium U(s) 0 0 50.2 U(g) 533.0 488.4 199.8 UF6(s) -2197.0 -2068.5 227.6 Substance 𝚫H°f (kJ ,mol) 𝚫G°f (kJ ,mol) S°(J ,mol # K) UF6(g) -2147.4 -2063.7 377.9 UO2(s) -1085.0 -1031.8 77.0 Vanadium V(s) 0 0 28.9 V(g) 514.2 754.4 182.3 Zinc Zn(s) 0 0 41.6 Zn(g) 130.4 94.8 161.0 Zn2+(aq) -153.39 -147.1 -109.8 ZnCl2(s) -415.1 -369.4 111.5 ZnO(s) -350.5 -320.5 43.7 ZnS (s, zinc blende) -206.0 -201.3 57.7 ZnSO4(s) -982.8 -871.5 110.5 C. Aqueous Equilibrium Constants 1. Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25 °C name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 Acetic HC2H3O2 1.8 * 10-5 Acetylsalicylic HC9H7O4 3.3 * 10-4 Adipic H2C6H8O4 3.9 * 10-5 3.9 * 10-6 Arsenic H3AsO4 5.5 * 10-3 1.7 * 10-7 5.1 * 10-12 Arsenous H3AsO3 5.1 * 10-10 Ascorbic H2C6H6O6 8.0 * 10-5 1.6 * 10-12 Benzoic HC7H5O2 6.5 * 10-5 Boric H3BO3 5.4 * 10-10 Butanoic HC4H7O2 1.5 * 10-5 Carbonic H2CO3 4.3 * 10-7 5.6 * 10-11 Chloroacetic HC2H2O2Cl 1.4 * 10-3 Chlorous HClO2 1.1 * 10-2 Citric H3C6H5O7 7.4 * 10-4 1.7 * 10-5 4.0 * 10-7 Cyanic HCNO 2 * 10-4 Formic HCHO2 1.8 * 10-4 Hydrazoic HN3 2.5 * 10-5 Hydrocyanic HCN 4.9 * 10-10 Hydrofluoric HF 6.8 * 10-4 Hydrogen chromate ion HCrO4 - 3.0 * 10-7 Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 2.4 * 10-12 Hydrogen selenate ion HSeO4 - 2.2 * 10-2 Hydrosulfuric H2S 8.9 * 10-8 1 * 10-19 Hydrotelluric H2Te 2.3 * 1023 1.6 * 10-11 name Formula Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 Hypobromous HBrO 2.8 * 10-9 Hypochlorous HClO 2.9 * 10-8 Hypoiodous HIO 2.3 * 10-11 Iodic HIO3 1.7 * 10-1 Lactic HC3H5O3 1.4 * 10-4 Maleic H2C4H2O4 1.2 * 10-2 5.9 * 10-7 Malonic H2C3H2O4 1.5 * 10-3 2.0 * 10-6 Nitrous HNO2 4.6 * 10-4 Oxalic H2C2O4 6.0 * 10-2 6.1 * 10-5 Paraperiodic H5IO6 2.8 * 10-2 5.3 * 10-9 Phenol HC6H5O 1.3 * 10-10 Phosphoric H3PO4 7.5 * 10-3 6.2 * 10-8 4.2 * 10-13 Phosphorous H3PO3 5 * 10-2 2.0 * 10-7 Propanoic HC3H5O2 1.3 * 10-5 Pyruvic HC3H3O3 4.1 * 10-3 Pyrophosphoric H4P2O7 1.2 * 10-1 7.9 * 10-3 2.0 * 10-7 Selenous H2SeO3 2.4 * 10-3 4.8 * 10-9 Succinic H2C4H4O4 6.2 * 10-5 2.3 * 10-6 Sulfuric H2SO4 Strong acid 1.2 * 10-2 Sulfurous H2SO3 1.6 * 10-2 6.4 * 10-8 Tartaric H2C4H4O6 1.0 * 10-3 4.6 * 10-5 Trichloroacetic HC2Cl3O2 2.2 * 10-1 Trifluoroacetic acid HC2F3O2 3.0 * 10-1 Appendix ii Useful Data A-11 2. Dissociation Constants for Hydrated Metal Ions at 25 °C Cation Hydrated ion Ka Al3+ Al(H2O)6 3+ 1.4 * 10-5 Be2+ Be(H2O)6 2+ 3 * 10-7 Co2+ Co(H2O)6 2+ 1.3 * 10-9 Cr3+ Cr(H2O)6 3+ 1.6 * 10-4 Cu2+ Cu(H2O)6 2+ 3 * 10-8 Fe2+ Fe(H2O)6 2+ 3.2 * 10-10 Cation Hydrated ion Ka Fe3+ Fe(H2O)6 3+ 6.3 * 10-3 Ni2+ Ni(H2O)6 2+ 2.5 * 10-11 Pb2+ Pb(H2O)6 2+ 3 * 10-8 Sn2+ Sn(H2O)6 2+ 4 * 10-4 Zn2+ Zn(H2O)6 2+ 2.5 * 10-10 3. Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25 °C name Formula Kb Ammonia NH3 1.76 * 10-5 Aniline C6H5NH2 3.9 * 10-10 Bicarbonate ion HCO3 - 2.3 * 10-8 Carbonate ion CO3 2- 1.8 * 10-4 Codeine C18H21NO3 1.6 * 10-6 Diethylamine (C2H5)2NH 6.9 * 10-4 Dimethylamine (CH3)2NH 5.4 * 10-4 Ethylamine C2H5NH2 5.6 * 10-4 Ethylenediamine C2H8N2 8.3 * 10-5 Hydrazine H2NNH2 1.3 * 10-6 Hydroxylamine HONH2 1.1 * 10-8 name Formula Kb Ketamine C13H16ClNO 3 * 10-7 Methylamine CH3NH2 4.4 * 10-4 Morphine C17H19NO3 1.6 * 10-6 Nicotine C10H14N2 1.0 * 10-6 Piperidine C5H10NH 1.33 * 10-3 Propylamine C3H7NH2 3.5 * 10-4 Pyridine C5H5N 1.7 * 10-9 Strychnine C21H22N2O2 1.8 * 10-6 Triethylamine (C2H5)3N 5.6 * 10-4 Trimethylamine (CH3)3N 6.4 * 10-5 4. Solubility Product Constants for Compounds at 25 °C Compound Formula Ksp Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 1.3 * 10-33 Aluminum phosphate AlPO4 9.84 * 10-21 Barium carbonate BaCO3 2.58 * 10-9 Barium chromate BaCrO4 1.17 * 10-10 Barium fluoride BaF2 2.45 * 10-5 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 5.0 * 10-3 Barium oxalate BaC2O4 1.6 * 10-6 Barium phosphate Ba3(PO4)2 6 * 10-39 Barium sulfate BaSO4 1.07 * 10-10 Cadmium carbonate CdCO3 1.0 * 10-12 Cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2 7.2 * 10-15 Cadmium sulfide CdS 8 * 10-28 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 4.96 * 10-9 Calcium chromate CaCrO4 7.1 * 10-4 Calcium fluoride CaF2 1.46 * 10-10 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 4.68 * 10-6 Compound Formula Ksp Calcium hydrogen phosphate CaHPO4 1 * 10-7 Calcium oxalate CaC2O4 2.32 * 10-9 Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 2.07 * 10-33 Calcium sulfate CaSO4 7.10 * 10-5 Chromium(III) hydroxide Cr(OH)3 6.3 * 10-31 Cobalt(II) carbonate CoCO3 1.0 * 10-10 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH)2 5.92 * 10-15 Cobalt(II) sulfide CoS 5 * 10-22 Copper(I) bromide CuBr 6.27 * 10-9 Copper(I) chloride CuCl 1.72 * 10-7 Copper(I) cyanide CuCN 3.47 * 10-20 Copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 2.4 * 10-10 Copper(II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 2.2 * 10-20 Copper(II) phosphate Cu3(PO4)2 1.40 * 10-37 Copper(II) sulfide CuS 1.27 * 10-36 Iron(II) carbonate FeCO3 3.07 * 10-11 —(Continued on the next page)