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TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES,
FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS
(UNIDADES SI)
Tabla A-1
Tabla A-2
Tabla A-3
Tabla A-4
Tabla A-5
Tabla A-6
Tabla A-7
Tabla A-8
Figura A-9
Figura A-10
Tabla A-11
Tabla A-12
Tabla A-13
Figura A-14
Figura A-15
Tabla A-16
Tabla A-17
Tabla A-18
Tabla A-19
Tabla A-20
Masa molar, constante de gas y
propiedades del punto crítico
Calores específicos de gas ideal
de varios gases comunes
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos
y alimentos comunes
Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado
Agua líquida comprimida
Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua
Diagrama 7-5 para el agua
Diagrama de Mollier para el agua
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla
de temperatura
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla
de presión
Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado
Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a
Carta generalizada de compresibilidad
de Nelson-Obert
Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran
altitud
Propiedades de gas ideal del aire
Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno,
N,
Propiedades de gas del oxígeno, O,
Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido
de carbono, CO,
Tabla A-21
Tabla A-22
Tabla A-23
Tabla A-24
Tabla A-25
Tabla A-26
Tabla A-27
Tabla A-28
Figura A-29
Figura A-30
Figura A-31
Tabla A-32
Tabla A-33
Tabla A-34
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido
de carbono, CO
Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno,
H,
Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de
agua, H,O
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno
monoatómico, O
Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo,
OH
Entalpía de formación, función de
Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta
a25*C, 1 atm
Propiedades de algunos combustibles
e hidrocarburos comunes
Logaritmos naturales de la constante
de equilibrio K,
Carta generalizada de desviación
de entalpía
Carta generalizada de desviación
de entropía
Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión
total
Funciones de flujo compresible
unidimensional e isentrópico de un gas
ideal con k = 1.4
Funciones de choque normal
unidimensional de un gas ideal
con k = 1.4
Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un
gas ideal con k = 1.4
908
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-1
Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico
Propiedades del punto crítico
Constante
Masa molar, de gas, Temperatura, Presión, Volumen,
Sustancia Fórmula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg - K* K MPa m3/kmol
Agua H20 18.015 0.4615 647.1 22.06 0.0560
Aire = 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883
Alcohol etílico C2H50H 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673
Alcohol metílico CH¿OH 32.042 0.2595 513,2 7.95 0.1180
Amoniaco NH3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724
Argón Ar 39.948 0.2081 151 4.86 0.0749
Benceno CóHó 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603
Bromo Br, 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355
n-Butano CaHyo 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547
Cloro Cl 70.906 0.1173 417 7.71 0.1242
Cloroformo CHClz 119.38 0.06964 536.6 5,47 0.2403
Cloruro metílico CH3Cl 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430
Criptón Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924
Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CClaF> 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179
Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCI)F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973
Dióxido de carbono CO, 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943
Dióxido de sulfuro SO, 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217
Etano CoHó 30.070 0.2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480
Etileno CoHa 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242
Helio He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578
n-Hexano CóHra 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677
Hidrógeno (normal) Ha 2.016 4.1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649
Metano CHa 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993
Monóxido de carbono co 28.011 0.2968 133 3.50 0.0930
Neón Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417
Nitrógeno N> 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899
Óxido nitroso NO 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7.27 0.0961
Oxígeno 0» 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0.0780
Propano C3Hg 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998
Propileno Ca3Hó 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810
Tetracloruro de carbono CCla 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF¿CH¿F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993
Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CCl¿F 137.37 0.06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478
Xenón Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186
*La unidad en kJ/kg - K es equivalente a kPa - m*/kg - K. La constante de gas se calcula de R= R,/M, donde R, = 8.31447 kJ/kmol - K y Mes la masa
molar.
Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117-236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad America-
na de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1.
911
A
TABLA A-2
Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión)
c) Como una función de la temperatura
T,¿= a+ bT+cT?+dT?
(Ten K, c, en kJ/kmol - K)
Rango de % de error
Sustancia Fórmula a b Cc d temp., K Máx. Prom.
Acetileno CoH2 21.8 9.2143 x 1072 6.527 x 107? 18.21 x 107? 273-1500 1.46 0.59
Aire = 28.11 0.1967 x 10-2 0.4802 x 10 -1.966x 10% 273-1800 0.72 0.33
Amoniaco NH3 27.568 2.5630 x 1072 0.99072x 10 -6.6909 x 102 273-1500 0.91 0.36
Azufre S, 27.21 2.218 x 107? -1.628 x 1075 3.986 x 1072 273-1800 0.99 0.38
Benceno CóHs -36.22 48.475 x 107? 31.57 x 10 77.62 x 10? 273-1500 0.34 0.20
iButano CaHio -7.913 41.60 x 1072 23.01 x 1075 49.91 x 107? 273-1500 0.25 0.13
n-Butano CaHio 3.96 37.15 x 1072 -18.34 x 1075 35.00 x 1072 273-1500 0.54 0.24
Cloruro de
hidrógeno HCl 30.33 -0.7620 x 10? 1.327 x 10 -4.338x 102% 273-1500 0.22 0.08
Dióxido de
azufre SO, 25.78 5.795 x 1072 3.812 x 10 8.612 x 107? 273-1800 0.45 0.24
Dióxido de
carbono CO, 22.26 5.981 x 1072 -3.501 x 107? 7.469 x 1079 273-1800 0.67 0.22
Dióxido de
nitrógeno NO» 22.9 5.715 x 107? -3.52 x 1079 7.87 x 1072 273-1500 0.46 0.18
Etano CoHg 6.900 17.27 x 107? 6.406 x 1075 7.285 x 1079 273-1500 0.83 0.28
Etanol C2H5O 19.9 20.96 x 107? 10.38 x 1075 20.05 x 1079 273-1500 0.40 0.22
Etileno CoHa 3.95 15.64 x 107? -8.344 x 107? 17.67 x 102 273-1500 0.54 0.13
n-Hexano CóHra 6.938 55.22 x 107? -28.65 x 1075 57.69 x 102 273-1500 0.72 0.20
Hidrógeno > 29.11 -0.1916 x 1072 0.4003 x 103 -—0.8704 x 10? 273-1800 1.01 0.26
Metano CHa 19.89 5.024 x 107? 1.269 x 107? 11.01 x 107? 273-1500 1.33 0.57
Metanol CH¿O 19.0 9.152 x 1072 -1.22 x 10 8.039 x 107? 273-1000 0.18 0.08
Monóxido de
carbono co 28.16 0.1675 x 107? 0.5372 x 1075 2.222 x 102 273-1800 0.89 0.37
Nitrógeno N, 28.90 -0.1571x 1072 0.8081 x 10 -2.873x 102 273-1800 0.59 0.34
Óxido nítrico NO 29.34 —0.09395 x 107? 0.9747 x 107 -4.187 x 107% 273-1500 0.97 0.36
Óxido nitroso N¿0 24.11 5.8632 x 107? 3.562 x 107 10.58 x 107? 273-1500 0.59 0.26
Oxígeno 0, 25.48 1.520 x 1072 0.7155 x 107? 1.312 x 10? 273-1800 1.19 0.28
n-Pentano CsH12 6.774 45.43 x 107? 22.46 x 107? 42.29 x 107? 273-1500 0.56 0.21
Propano CaHg 4.04 30.48 x 1072 -15.72 x 1075 31.74 x 102 273-1500 0.40 0.12
Propileno CaHó 3.15 23.83 x 107? -12.18 x 1075 24.62 x 1072 273-1500 0.73 0.17
Trióxido de
azufre SO, 16.40 14.58 x 107? -11.20 x 1075 32.42 x 107? 273-1300 0.29 0.13
Agua (vapor) H¿0 32.24 0.1923 x 107? 1.055 x 107% 3.595 x 1079 273-1800 0.53 0.24
Fuente: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso.
912
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-3
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes
a) Líquidos
Datos de ebullición a 1 atm Datos de congelación Propiedades de líquidos
Punto Calor latente de Punto Calor latente Calor
de ebulli- vaporización deconge- de fusión Temperatura, Densidad específico
Sustancia ción normal, “Ch kJ/kg lación, *C Min KJ/kg ”C p, kg/m? Cp KJ/kg - K
Aceite comestible
(ligero) 25 910 1.80
Agua 100 2257 0.0 333.7 0 1000 4.22
25 997 4.18
50 988 4.18
75 975 4.19
100 958 4.22
Alcohol etílico 78.6 855 -156 108 20 789 2.84
Amoniaco 33.3 1357 11.7 322.4 33,3 682 4.43
-20 665 4.52
o 639 4.60
25 602 4.80
Argón -185.9 161.6 -189.3 28 -185.6 1394 1.14
Benceno 80.2 394 5.5 126 20 879 1.72
n-Butano 0.5 385.2 -138.5 80.3 -0.5 601 2.31
Dióxido de carbono -78.4* 230.5 (a 0*C) 56.6 o 298 0.59
Etanol 78.2 838.3 -114.2 109 25 783 2.46
Etilén glicol 198.1 800.1 -10.8 181.1 20 1109 2.84
Glicerina 179.9 974 18.9 200.6 20 1261 2.32
Helio -268.9 22.8 = = -268.9 146.2 22.8
Hidrógeno -252.8 445.7 259.2 59.5 -252.8 70.7 10.0
Isobutano -11.7 367.1 -160 105.7 -11.7 593.8 2.28
Mercurio 356.7 294.7 -38.9 11.4 25 13,560 0.139
Metano -161.5 510.4 -182.2 58.4 -161.5 423 3.49
-100 301 5.79
Metanol 64.5 1100 -97.7 99.2 25 787 2.55
Nitrógeno -195.8 198.6 -210 25.3 -195.8 809 2.06
-160 596 2.97
Octano 124.8 306.3 -57.5 180.7 20 703 2.10
Oxígeno -183 212.7 -218.8 13.7 -183 1141 1.71
Petróleo = 230-384 20 640 2.0
Propano -42.1 427.8 -187.7 80.0 -42.1 581 2.25
0 529 2.53
50 449 3.13
Queroseno 204-293 251 -24.9 =- 20 820 2.00
Refrigerante 134a -26.1 217.0 -96.6 = 50 1443 1.23
Salmuera (20% de
cloruro de sodio
a base másica) 103.9 = -17.4 = 20 1150 3.11
-26.1 1374 1.27
0 1295 1.34
25 1207 1.43
* Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 ka, el dióxido de carbono existe como un sólido o un gas. También,
la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de -56.5%C.)
TABLA A-3
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión)
b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa)
Densidad, Calor específico, Densidad, Calor específico,
Sustancia p kg/m3 Cp KJIkg + K Sustancia NS
Metales No metales
Acero dulce 7,830 0.500 Arena 1520 0.800
Aluminio Arcilla 1000 0.920
200 K 0.797 Asfalto 2110 0.920
250 K 0.859 Caucho (blando) 1100 1.840
300 K 2,700 0.902 Caucho (duro) 1150 2.009
350 K 0.929 Concreto 2300 0.653
400 K 0,949 Diamante 2420 0.616
450 K 0.973 Grafito 2500 0.711
500 K 0.997 Granito 2700 1.017
Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 8,280 0.400 Hielo
2% Al) 200 K 1.56
Cobre 220K 1.71
1730 0.254 240 K 1.86
-100*C 0.342 260 K 2.01
-50*C 0.367 273 K 921 2.11
o" 0.381 Ladrillo común 1922 0.79
270 8,900 0.386 Ladrillo refractario (500*C) 2300 0.960
100%C 0.393 Madera contrachapada
2000 0.403 (abeto Douglas) 545 1.21
Hierro 7,840 0.45 Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) — 721 1.26
Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 8310 0.400 Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) 513 1.38
35% Zn) Mármol 2600 0.880
Magnesio 1,730 1.000 Piedra 1500 0.800
Níquel 8,890 0.440 Piedra caliza 1650 0.909
Plata 10,470 0.235 Vidrio para ventanas 2700 0.800
Plomo 11,310 0.128 Vidrio pirex 2230 0.840
Tungsteno 19,400 0.130 Yeso o tabla de yeso 800 10
C) Alimentos
Calor específico, Calor especílico,
fig > K Ka > K
Por encima Por debajo Calor Por encima Por debajo Calor
Contenido — Punto del punto — del punto — latente Contenido — Punto del punto — del punto — latente
de agua, deconge- deconge- deconge- de fusión, de agua, deconge- deconge- deconge- de fusión,
Alimentos % (masa) lación “O lación lación kKg Alimentos % (masa) lación, “C lación lación kKg
Brócoli 90 0.6 3.86 1.97 301 Helado 63 -5.6 2.95 1.63 210
Camarón 83 -2.2 3.62 1.89 217 Mantequilla 16 = = 1.04 53
Carne de pollo 74 -2.8 3.32 1.77 247 Manzanas 84 1 3.65 1.90 281
Carne de res 67 - 3.08 1.68 224 Naranjas 87 3.75 1.94 291
Cerezas 80 -1.8 3.52 1.85 267 Papas 78 3.45 1.82 261
Espinaca 93 -0.3 3.96 2.01 311 Pavo 64 = 2.98 1.65 214
Fresas 90 -0.8 3.86 1.97 301 Plátanos 75 3.35 1.78 251
Huevo entero 74 -0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Queso suizo 39 2.15 1.33 130
Leche entera 88 -0.6 3.79 1.95 294 Salmón 64 2.98 1.65 214
Lechuga 95 -0.2 4,02 2.04 317 Sandía 93 3.96 2.01 311
Maíz dulce 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Tomates (maduros) 94 0.5 3.99 2.02 314
Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para
alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la
temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.
916
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-5
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
m/kg J/kg KJ/kg KJ/Kkg - K
Temp. — Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor
Pres., — sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat, sat, Evap., sat, sat., Evap., sat.,
PkPa To "C v, va u Ujg U hi Big Ag Si Sí So
1.0 6.97 0.001000 129.19 29.302 2355.2 2384.5 29.303 2484.4 2513.7 0.1059 8.8690 8.9749
1.5 13.02 0.001001 87.964 54.686 2338.1 23928 54.688 2470.1 2524.7 0.1956 8.6314 8.8270
2.0 17.50 0.001001 66.990 73.431 2325.5 2398.9 73.433 2459.5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8.7227
25 21.08 0.001002 54,242 88.422 2315.4 24038 88.424 2451.0 2539.4 0.3118 8.3302 8.6421
3.0 24.08 0.001003 45.654 100.98 2306.9 2407.9 100.98 2443.9 2544.8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765
4.0 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.39 2293.1 2414.5 121.39 2432.3 2553.7 0.4224 8.0510 8.4734
5.0 32.87 0.001005 28.185 137.75 2282.1 24198 137.75 2423.0 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3938
7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.233 168.74 2261.1 24298 168.75 2405.3 2574.0 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501
10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.79 2245.4 2437.2 191.81 2392.1 2583.9 0.6492 7.4996 8.1488
15 53.97 0.001014 10.020 225.93 2222.1 2448.0 225.94 2372.3 2598.3 0.7549 7.2522 8.0071
20 60.06 0.001017 7.6481 251.40 2204.6 2456.0 251.42 2357.5 2608.9 0.8320 7.0752 7.9073
25 64.96 0.001020 6.2034 271.93 2190.4 2462.4 271.96 2345.5 2617.5 0.8932 6.9370 7.8302
30 69.09 0.001022 5.2287 289.24 2178.5 2467.7 289.27 2335.3 2624.6 0.9441 6.8234 7.7675
40 75.86 0.001026 3.9933 317.58 2158.8 2476.3 317.62 2318.4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691
50 81.32 0.001030 3.2403 340.49 2142.7 2483.2 340,54 2304.7 2645.2 1.0912 6.5019 7.5931
75 91.76 0.001037 2.2172 384.36 21118 2496.1 384.44 2278.0 2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558
100 99.61 0.001043 1.6941 417.40 2088.2 2505.6 417.51 2257.5 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589
101.325 99.97 0.001043 1.6734 418.95 2087.0 2506.0 419.06 2256.5 2675.6 1.3069 6.0476 7.3545
125 105.97 0.001048 1.3750 444.23 2068.8 2513.0 444.36 2240.6 2684.9 1.3741 5.9100 7.2841
150 111.35 0.001053 1.1594 466.97 2052.3 2519.2 467.13 2226.0 2693.1 1.4337 5.7894 7.2231
175 116.04 0.001057 1.0037 486.82 2037.7 2524.5 487.01 2213.1 2700.2 1.4850 5.6865 7.1716
200 120.21 0.001061 0.88578 504.50 2024.6 2529.1 504.71 2201.6 2706.3 1.5302 5.5968 7.1270
225 123.97 0.001064 0.79329 520.47 2012.7 2533.2 520.71 2191.0 2711.7 1.5706 5.5171 7.0877
250 127,41 0.001067 0.71873 535.08 20018 2536.8 535.35 2181.2 2/16.5 1.6072 5.4453 7.0525
275 130.58 0.001070 0.65732 548.57 1991.66 2540.1 548.86 2172.0 2720.9 1.6408 5.3800 7.0207
300 133,52 0.001073 0.60582 561.11 1982.1 2543.2 561,43 2163.5 2724.9 1.6717 5.3200 6.9917
325 136.27 0.001076 0.56199 572.84 1973.1 2545.9 573.19 2155.4 2728.6 1.7005 5.2645 6.9650
350 138.86 0.001079 0.52422 583.89 1964.6 2548.5 584.26 2147.7 2732.0 1.7274 5.2128 6.9402
375 141.30 0.001081 0.49133 594.32 1956.6 2550.9 594.73 2140.4 2735.1 1.7526 5.1645 6.9171
400 143.61 0.001084 0.46242 604.22 1948.9 2553,1 604.66 2133.4 2/38.1 1.7765 5.1191 6.8955
450 147.90 0.001088 0.41392 622.65 1934.5 2557.1 623.14 2120.3 2743.4 1.8205 5.0356 6.8561
500 151.83 0.001093 0.37483 639.54 1921.2 2560.7 640.09 2108.0 2748.1 1.8604 4.9603 6.8207
550 155.46 0.001097 0.34261 655.16 1908.8 2563.9 655.77 2096.6 2752.4 1.8970 4.8916 6.7886
600 158.83 0.001101 0.31560 669.72 1897.1 2566.8 670.38 2085.8 2756.2 1.9308 4.8285 6.7593
650 161.98 0.001104 0.29260 683.37 1886.1 2569.4 684.08 2075.5 2759.6 1.9623 4.7699 6.7322
700 164.95 0.001108 0.27278 696.23 1875.6 25718 697.00 2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071
750 167.75 0.001111 0.25552 708.40 1865.6 2574.0 709.24 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
917
AI
TABLA A-5
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión)
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
m/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/Kkg - K
Temp. Lía. Vapor Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor
Pres., — Sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat, sat, Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
PkPa Ti "C v, A uu Ujg U h; Big Ag Si Síg So
800 170.41 0.001115 0.24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616
850 172.94 0.001118 0.22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409
900 175.35 0.001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2.0941 4.5273 6.6213
950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027
1000 179.88 0.001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850
1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585.5 781.03 19996 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520
1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217
1300 191.60 0.001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.99 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936
1400 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675
1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430
1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6.3877
2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906.12 1693.0 2599.1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390
2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6.2954
2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558
3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598,5 2603.2 1008.3 1794,9 2803.2 2.6454 3,5402 6.1856
3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244
4000 250.35 0.001252 0.049779 1082.4 1519.3 2601.7 1087.4 1713,5 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696
5000 263.94 0.001286 0.039448 1148.1 1448.9 2597.0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2 2.9207 3.0530 5.9737
6000 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1205.8 1384.1 2589.9 1213.8 1570.9 2784.6 3.0275 2.8627 5.8902
7000 285.83 0.001352 0.027378 1258.0 1323.0 2581.0 1267.5 1505.2 2772.6 3.1220 2.6927 5.8148
8000 295.01 0.001384 0.023525 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2077 2.5373 5.7450
9000 303.35 0.001418 0.020489 1350.9 1207.6 2558.5 1363.7 1379,3 2742.9 3.2866 2.3925 5.6791
10,000 311.00 0.001452 0.018028 1393.33 11518 2545.2 1407.8 1317.6 2725.5 3.3603 2.2556 5.6159
11,000 318.08 0.001488 0.015988 1433.9 1096.6 2530.4 1450.2 1256,1 2706.3 3.4299 2,1245 5.5544
12,000 324.68 0.001526 0.014264 1473.0 1041.3 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.4964 1.9975 5.4939
13,000 330.85 0.001566 0.012781 1511.0 985.5 2496.6 1531,4 1131,3 2662.7 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336
14,000 336.67 0.001610 0.011487 1548.4 928.7 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637.9 3.6232 1.7497 5.3728
15,000 342.16 0.001657 0.010341 1585.5 870.3 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.6848 1.6261 5.3108
16,000 347.36 0.001710 0.009312 1622.6 809.4 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 2581.0 3.7461 1.5005 5.2466
17,000 352.29 0.001770 0.008374 1660.2 745.1 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.8082 1.3709 5.1791
18,000 356.99 0.001840 0.007504 1699.1 675.9 2375.0 1732.2 777.8 2510.0 3.8720 1.2343 5.1064
19,000 361.47 0.001926 0.006677 1740.3 598.9 2339.2 1776.8 689.2 2466.0 3.9396 1.0860 5.0256
20,000 365.75 0.002038 0.005862 1785.8 509.0 2294.8 1826.6 585.5 2412.1 4.0146 0.9164 4.9310
21,000 369.83 0.002207 0.004994 1841.6 391.9 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.1071 0.7005 4.8076
22,000 373.71 0.002703 0.003644 1951.7 140.8 2092.4 2011.1 161.5 2172.6 4.2942 0.2496 4.5439
22,064 373.95 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 o 2084.3 4.4070 O 4.4070
918
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-6
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
“e m3/kg KJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg-K| m%kg KJ/kg — kJ/kg kJ/kg-K| m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg-K
P= 0.01 MPa (45.81*C)* P = 0.05 MPa (81.32*C) P = 0.10 MPa (99.61*C)
Sat.! 14.670 2437.2 2583.9 8.1488 3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589
50 14.867 2443.3 2592.0 8.1741
100 17.196 2515.5 2687.5 8.4489 3.4187 25115 2682.4 7.6953 | 1.6959 2506.2 2675.8 7.3611
150 19.513 2587.9 2783.0 8.6893 3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413 | 1.9367 2582.9 2776.6 7.6148
200 21.826 2661.4 2879.6 8.9049 4.3562 2660.0 2877.8 8.1592 | 2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356
250 24.136 2736.1 2977.5 9.1015 4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568 | 2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8.0346
300 26.446 2812.3 3076.7 9.2827 5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387 | 2.6389 2810.7 3074.5 8.2172
400 31.063 2969.3 3280.0 9.6094 6.2094 2968.9 3279.3 8.8659 | 3.1027 2968.3 3278.6 8.5452
500 35.680 3132.9 3489.7 9.8998 7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9.1566 | 3.5655 3132.2 3488.7 8.8362
600 40.296 3303.3 3706.3 10.1631 8.0577 3303.1 3706.0 9.4201 | 4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999
700 44.911 3480.8 3929,9 10.4056 8.9813 3480.6 3929.7 9.6626 | 4.4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.3424
800 49.527 3665.4 4160.6 10.6312 9.9047 3665.2 4160.4 9.8883 | 4.9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.5682
900 54.143 3856.9 4398.3 10.8429| 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000 | 5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.7800
1000 58.758 4055.3 4642.8 11.0429| 11.7513 4055.2 4642.7 10.3000 | 5.8755 4055.0 4642.6 9.9800
1100 63.373 4260.0 4893.8 11.2326| 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897 | 6.3372 4259.8 4893.6 10.1698
1200 67.989 4470.9 5150,8 11.4132| 13,5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704 | 6.7988 4470.7 5150.6 10.3504
1300 72.604 4687.4 5413,4 11.5857| 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429 | 7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229
P = 0.20 MPa (120.21*C) P = 0.30 MPa (133.52*C) P = 0.40 MPa (143.61*C)
Sat. 0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 7.1270 0.60582 2543.2 2724.9 6.9917 | 0.46242 2553.1 2738.1 6.8955
150 0.95986 2577.1 2769.1 7.2810 0.63402 2571.0 2761.2 7.0792 | 0.47088 2564.4 2752.8 6.9306
200 1.08049 2654.6 2870.7 7.5081 0.71643 2651.0 2865.9 7.3132 | 0.53434 2647.2 2860.9 7.1723
250 1.19890 2731.4 2971.2 7.7100 0.79645 2728.9 2967.9 7.5180 | 0.59520 2726.4 2964.5 7.3804
300 1.31623 2808.8 3072.1 7.8941 0.87535 2807.0 3069.6 7.7037 | 0.65489 2805.1 3067.1 7.5677
400 1.54934 2967.2 3277.0 8.2236 1.03155 2966.0 3275.5 8.0347 | 0.772652964.9 3273.9 7.9003
500 1.78142 3131.4 3487.7 8.5153 1.18672 3130.6 3486.6 8.3271 | 0.88936 3129.8 3485.5 8.1933
600 2.01302 3302.2 3704.8 8.7793 1.34139 3301.6 3704.0 8.5915 | 1.00558 3301.0 3703.3 8.4580
700 2.24434 3479.9 3928.8 9.0221 1.49580 3479.5 3928.2 8.8345 1.12152 3479.0 3927.6 8.7012
800 2.47550 3664,7 41598 9.2479 1.65004 3664.3 4159.3 9.0605 1,23730 3663.9 4158.9 8.9274
900 2.70656 3856.3 4397.7 9.4598 1.80417 3856.0 4397.3 9.2725 1.35298 3855.7 4396.9 9.1394
1000 2.93755 4054.8 4642.3 9.6599 1.95824 4054.5 4642.0 9.4726 | 1.46859 4054.3 4641.7 9.3396
1100 3.16848 4259.6 4893.3 9.8497 2.11226 4259.4 4893.1 9.6624 | 1.58414 4259.2 4892.9 9.5295
1200 3.39938 4470.5 5150.4 10.0304 2.26624 4470.3 51502 9.8431 | 1.69966 4470.2 5150.0 9.7102
1300 3.63026 4687.1 5413.1 10.2029 2.42019 4686.9 5413.0 10.0157 | 1.81516 4686.7 5412.8 9.8828
P = 0.50 MPa (151.83*C) P = 0.60 MPa (158.83"C) P = 0.80 MPa (170.41*C)
Sat. 0.37483 2560.7 2748.1 6.8207 0.31560 2566.8 2756.2 6.7593 | 0.24035 2576.0 2768.3 6.6616
200 0.42503 2643.3 2855.8 7.0610 0.35212 2639,4 2850.6 6.9683 | 0.26088 2631.1 2839.8 6.8177
250 0.47443 2723.8 2961.0 7.2725 0.39390 2721.2 2957.6 7.1833 | 0.29321 2715.9 2950.4 7.0402
300 0.52261 2803.3 3064.6 7.4614 0.43442 2801.4 3062.0 7.3740 | 0.32416 2797.5 3056.9 7.2345
350 0.57015 2883.0 3168.1 7.6346 0.47428 2881.6 3166.1 7.5481 | 0.35442 2878.6 3162.2 7.4107
400 0.61731 2963.7 3272.4 7.7956 0.51374 2962.5 3270.8 7.7097 | 0.38429 2960.2 3267.7 7.5735
500 0.71095 3129.0 3484.5 8.0893 0.59200 3128.2 3483.4 8.0041 | 0.443323126.6 3481.3 7.8692
600 0.80409 3300.4 3702.5 8.3544 0.66976 3299.8 3701.7 8.2695 | 0.50186 3298.7 3700.1 8.1354
700 0.89696 3478.6 3927.0 8.5978 0.74725 3478.1 3926.4 8.5132 | 0.56011 3477.2 3925.3 8.3794
800 0.98966 3663.6 4158.4 8.8240 0.82457 3663.2 4157.9 8.7395 | 0.61820 3662.5 4157.0 8.6061
900 1.08227 3855.4 4396.6 9.0362 0.90179 3855.1 4396.2 8.9518 | 0.67619 3854.5 4395.5 8.8185
1000 1.17480 4054.0 4641.4 9.2364 0.97893 4053.8 4641.1 9.1521 | 0.73411 4053.3 4640.5 9.0189
1100 1.26728 4259.0 4892.6 9.4263 1.05603 4258.8 4892.4 9.3420 | 0.79197 4258.3 4891.9 9.2090
1200 1.35972 4470.0 51498 9.6071 1.13309 44698 5149.6 9.5229 | 0.84980 4469.4 5149.3 9.3898
1300 1,45214 4686.6 5412.6 9.7797 1.21012 4686.4 5412.5 9.6955 | 0.90761 4686.1 5412.2 9.5625
*La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada.
* Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.
921
A
TABLA A-6
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión)
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
“CC míkg ki/kg kkg ki/kg-K|mó/kg k/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg-Klm%/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg-K
P= 15,0 MPa (342.16 *C) P= 17.5 MPa (354,67 *C) P= 20.0 MPa (365.75 *C)
Sat. 0.010341 2455.7 2610.8 5.3108 |0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 [0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 4.9310
350 0.011481 2520.9 2693.1 5.4438
400 0.015671 2740.6 2975.7 5.8819 0.012463 2684.3 2902.4 5.7211 |0.009950 2617.9 2816.9 5.5526
450 0.018477 2880.8 3157.9 6.1434 0.015204 2845.4 3111.4 6.0212 [0.012721 2807.3 3061.7 5.9043
500 0.020828 2998.4 3310.8 6.3480 | 0.017385 2972.4 3276.7 6.2424 |0.014793 2945.3 3241.2 6.1446
550 0.022945 3106.2 3450.4 6.5230 | 0.019305 3085.8 3423.6 6.4266 |0.016571 3064.7 3396.2 6.3390
600 0.024921 3209.3 3583.1 6.6796 |0.021073 3192.5 3561.3 6.5890 |0.018185 3175.3 3539.0 6.5075
650 0.026804 3310.1 3712.1 6.8233 | 0.022742 3295.8 3693.8 6.7366 |0.019695 3281.4 3675.3 6.6593
700 0.028621 3409.8 3839.1 6.9573 0.024342 3397.5 3823.5 6.8735 |0.021134 3385.1 3807.8 6.7991
800 0.032121 3609.3 4091.1 7.2037 | 0.027405 3599.7 4079.3 7.1237 |0.023870 3590.1 4067.5 7.0531
900 0.035503 3811.2 4343.7 7.4288 | 0.030348 3803.5 4334.6 7.3511 |0.026484 3795.7 4325.4 7.2829
1000 0.038808 4017.1 4599.2 7.6378 | 0.033215 4010.7 4592.0 7.5616 [0.029020 4004,3 4584.7 7.4950
1100 0.042062 4227.7 4858.6 7.8339 | 0.036029 4222.3 4852.8 7.7588 |0.031504 4216.9 4847.0 7.6933
1200 0.045279 4443.1 51223 8.0192 0.038806 4438.5 5117.6 7.9449 |0.033952 4433.8 5112.9 7.8802
1300 0.048469 4663.3 5390.3 8.1952 0.041556 4659.2 5386.5 8.1215 |0.036371 4655.2 5382.7 8.0574
P= 25.0 MPa P= 30.0 MPa P= 35.0 MPa
375 0.001978 1799.9 1849.4 4.0345 | 0.001792 1738.1 1791.9 3.9313 |0.001701 1702.8 1762.4 3.8724
400 0.006005 2428.5 2578.7 5.1400 | 0.002798 2068.9 2152.8 4.4758 |0.002105 1914.9 1988.6 4.2144
425 0.007886 2607.8 2805.0 5.4708 0.005299 2452.9 2611.8 5.1473 [0.003434 2253,3 2373.5 4.7751
450 0.009176 2721.2 2950.6 5.6759 0.006737 2618.9 2821.0 5.4422 |0.004957 2497.5 2671.0 5.1946
500 0.011143 2887.3 3165.9 5.9643 | 0.008691 2824.0 3084.8 5.7956 |0.006933 2755.3 2997.9 5.6331
550 0.012736 3020.8 3339.2 6.1816 |0.010175 2974.5 3279.7 6.0403 |0.008348 2925.8 3218.0 5.9093
600 0.014140 3140.0 3493.5 6.3637 |0.011445 3103,4 3446.8 6.2373 |0.009523 3065.6 3399.0 6.1229
650 0.015430 3251.9 3637.7 6.5243 0.012590 3221.7 3599.4 6.4074 |0.010565 3190.9 3560.7 6.3030
700 0.016643 3359.9 3776.0 6.6702 0.013654 3334.3 3743.9 6.5599 |0.011523 3308.3 3711.6 6.4623
800 0.018922 3570.7 4043.8 6.9322 | 0.015628 3551.2 4020.0 6.8301 |0.013278 3531.6 3996.3 6.7409
900 0.021075 3780.2 4307.1 7.1668 |0.017473 3764.6 4288.8 7.0695 |0.014904 3749.0 4270.6 6.9853
1000 0.023150 3991.5 4570.2 7.3821 0.019240 3978.6 4555.8 7.2880 |0.016450 3965.8 4541.5 7.2069
1100 0.025172 4206.1 4835.4 7.5825 0.020954 4195.2 4823.9 7.4906 |0.017942 4184.4 4812.4 7.4118
1200 0.027157 4424.6 5103.5 7.7710 0.022630 4415.3 5094.2 7.6807 |0.019398 4406.1 5085.0 7.6034
1300 0.029115 4647.2 5375.1 7.9494 0.024279 4639.2 5367.6 7.8602 |0.020827 4631.2 5360.2 7.7841
P= 40.0 MPa P= 50.0 MPa P= 60.0 MPa
375 0.001641 1677.0 1742.6 3.8290 |0.001560 1638.6 1716.6 3.7642 |0.001503 1609.7 1699.9 3.7149
400 0.001911 1855.0 1931.4 4.1145 0.001731 1787.8 1874.4 4.0029 |0.001633 1745.2 1843.2 3.9317
425 0.002538 2097.5 2199.0 4.5044 0.002009 1960.3 2060.7 4.2746 |0.001816 1892.9 2001.8 4.1630
450 0.003692 2364.2 2511.8 4.9449 0.002487 2160.3 2284.7 4.5896 |0.002086 2055.1 2180.2 4.4140
500 0.005623 2681.6 2906.5 5.4744 | 0.003890 2528.1 2722.6 5.1762 |0.002952 2393.2 2570.3 4.9356
550 0.006985 2875.1 3154.4 5.7857 |0.005118 2769.5 3025.4 5.5563 |0.003955 2664.6 2901.9 5.3517
600 0.008089 3026.8 3350.4 6.0170 | 0.006108 2947.1 3252.6 5.8245 |0.004833 2866.8 3156.8 5.6527
650 0.009053 3159.5 3521.6 6.2078 0.006957 3095.6 3443.5 6.0373 [|0.005591 3031.3 3366.8 5.8867
700 0.009930 3282.0 3679.2 6.3740 0.007717 3228.7 3614.6 6.2179 |0.006265 3175.4 3551.3 6.0814
800 0.011521 3511.8 3972.6 6.6613 | 0.009073 3472.2 3925.8 6.5225 |0.007456 3432.6 3880.0 6.4033
900 0.012980 3733.3 4252.5 6.9107 |0.010296 3702.0 4216.8 6.7819 |0.008519 3670.9 4182.1 6.6725
1000 0.014360 3952.9 4527.3 7.1355 | 0.011441 3927.4 4499.4 7.0131 [0.009504 3902.0 4472.2 6.9099
1100 0.015686 4173.7 4801.1 7.3425 0.012534 4152.2 4778.9 7.2244 |0.010439 4130.9 4757.3 7.1255
1200 0.016976 4396.9 5075.9 7.5357 0.013590 4378.6 5058.1 7.4207 |0.011339 4360.5 5040.8 7.3248
1300 0.018239 4623.3 5352.8 7.7175 | 0.014620 4607.5 5338.5 7.6048 [|0.012213 4591.8 5324.5 7.5111
922
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-7
Agua líquida comprimida
T v u h s v u h s v u h s
“e m3/kg KJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg - K| m3/kg KJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg-:K| m/kg kJ/kg_ kJ/kg kJ/kg-K
P= 5 MPa (263.94 *C) P= 10 MPa (311.00 *C) P= 15 MPa (342.16 “C)
Sat. 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 2.9207 |0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9 3.3603 |0.0016572 1585.5 1610.3 3.6848
O 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0001 |0.0009952 0.12 10.07 0.0003 |0.o009928 0.18 15.07 0.0004
20 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.2954 |0.0009973 83.31 93.28 0.2943 |0.0009951 83.01 97.93 0.2932
40 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.5705 |0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685 |0.0010013 165.75 180.77 0.5666
60 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.8287 |0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260 |0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.8234
80 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723 | 0.0010244 332.69 342.94 1.0691 [|0.0010221 331.59 346.92 1.0659
100 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 1.3034 |0.0010385 416.23 426.62 1.2996 |0.0010361 414.85 430.39 1.2958
120 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236 |0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191 |0.0010522 498.50 514.28 1.5148
140 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344 |0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293 |0.0010708 582.69 598.75 1.7243
160 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374 |0.0010954 670.06 681.01 1.9316 |0.0010920 667.63 684.01 1.9259
180 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338 |0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271 |0.0011160 753.58 770.32 2.1206
200 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 2.3251 |0.0011482 844.32 855.80 2.3174 |0.0011435 840.84 858.00 2.3100
220 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 2.5127 |0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037 |0.0011752 929.81 947.43 2.4951
240 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 2.6983 |0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3 2.6876 |0.0012121 1021.0 1039.2 2.6774
260 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 2.8841 |0.0012653 1121.6 11343 2.8710 |0.0012560 1115.1 1134.0 2.8586
280 0.0013226 12218 1235.0 3.0565 |0.0013096 1213.4 1233.0 3.0410
300 0.0013980 1329.4 1343.3 3.2488 [|0.0013783 1317.6 1338.3 3.2279
320 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 3.4263
340 0.0016311 1567.9 15924 3.6555
P = 20 MPa (365.75 *C) P= 30 MPa P= 50 MPa
Sat. 0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6 4.0146
O 0.0009904 0.23 20.03 0.0005 |0.0009857 0.29 29.86 0.0003 |0.0009767 0.29 49.13 0.0010
20 0.0009929 82.71 102.57 0.2921 |0.0009886 82.11 111.77 0.2897 |0.0009805 80.93 129.95 0.2845
40 0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.5646 |0.0009951 164.05 193.90 0.5607 |0.0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528
60 0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.8208 |0.0010042 246.14 276.26 0.8156 |0.0009962 243.08 292.88 0.8055
80 0.0010199 330.50 350.90 1.0627 |0.0010155 328.40 358.86 1.0564 |0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442
100 0.0010337 413.50 434.17 1.2920 |0.0010290 410.87 441.74 1.2847 |0.0010201 405.94 456.94 1.2705
120 0.0010496 496.85 517.84 1.5105 |0.0010445 493.66 525.00 1.5020 |0.0010349 487.69 539.43 1.4859
140 0.0010679 580.71 602.07 1.7194 |0.0010623 576.90 608.76 1.7098 |0.0010517 569.77 622.36 1.6916
160 0.0010886 665.28 687.05 1.9203 |0.0010823 660.74 693.21 1.9094 |0.0010704 652.33 705.85 1.8889
180 0.0011122 750.78 773.02 2.1143 |0.0011049 745.40 778.55 2.1020 |0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790
200 0.0011390 837.49 860.27 2.3027 |0.0011304 831.11 865.02 2.2888 |0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628
220 0.0011697 925.77 949.16 2.4867 |0.0011595 918.15 952.93 2.4707 [|0.0011412 904.39 961.45 2.4414
240 0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2 2.6676 |0.0011927 1006.9 1042.7 2.6491 |0.0011708 990.55 1049.1 2.6156
260 0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0 2.8469 |0.0012314 1097.8 1134.7 2.8250 |0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4 2.7864
280 0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5 3.0265 |0.0012770 1191.5 1229.8 3.0001 |0.0012430 1167.7 12299 2.9547
300 0.0013611 1307.2 1334.4 3.2091 |0.0013322 1288.9 1328.9 3.1761 |0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0 3.1218
320 0.0014450 1416.6 1445.5 3.3996 |0.0014014 1391.7 1433.7 3.3558 |0.0013409 1354.3 14214 3.2888
340 0.0015693 1540.2 1571.6 3.6086 |0.0014932 1502.4 1547.1 3.5438 |0.0014049 14529 1523.1 3.4575
360 0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1 3.8787 |0.0016276 1626.8 1675.6 3.7499 |0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7 3.6301
380 0.0018729 1782.0 1838.2 4.0026 |0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5 3.8102
A
TABLA A-8
Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
m/kg KJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg - K
Pres. Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor
Temp., sat., sat, sat., sat., Subl., — sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat.,
TC Pi KPa Y; Vg u Ug U h; Rig ha Si Sig Sg
0.01 0.61169 0.001091 205.99 -333.40 2707.9 2374.5 -333.40 2833.9 2500.5 -1.2202 10.374 9.154
o 0.61115 0.001091 206.17 -—333.43 2707.9 2374.5 -—333.43 2833.9 2500.5 -—1.2204 10.375 9.154
-2 0.51772 0.001091 241.62 -337.63 2709.4 2371.8 -337.63 2834.5 2496.8 -1.2358 10.453 9.218
4 0.43748 0.001090 283.84 -341.80 2710.8 2369.0 -341.80 2835.0 2493.2 -1.2513 10.533 9.282
-6 0.36873 0.001090 334.27 -345.94 2712.2 2366.2 -345.93 2835.4 2489.5 -1.2667 10.613 9.347
-8 0.30998 0.001090 394.66 -—350.04 2713.5 2363,5 -350.04 2835.8 2485.8 -1.2821 10.695 9.413
-10 0.25990 0.001089 467.17 -354.12 2714.8 2360.7 -354.12 2836.2 2482.1 -1.2976 10.778 9.480
-12 0.21732 0.001089 554.47 -358.17 2716.1 2357.9 -358.17 2836.6 2478.4 -1.3130 10.862 9.549
-14 0.18121 0.001088 659.88 -362.18 2717.3 2355.2 -362.18 2836.9 2474.7 -1.3284 10.947 9.618
-16 0.15068 0.001088 787.51 -366.17 2718.6 2352.4 -366.17 2837.2 2471.0 -1.3439 11.033 9.689
-18 0.12492 0.001088 942.51 -370.13 2719.7 2349.6 -370.13 2837.5 2467.3 -1.3593 11.121 9.761
-20 0.10326 0.001087 1131.3 -374.06 2720.9 2346.8 -374.06 2837.7 2463.6 -1.3748 11.209 9.835
-22 0.08510 0.001087 1362.0 -377.95 2722.0 2344.1 -—377.95 2837.9 2459.9 -—1.3903 11.300 9.909
-24 0.06991 0.001087 1644.7 -381.82 2723.1 2341.3 -381.82 2838.1 2456.2 -1.4057 11.391 9.985
-26 0.05725 0.001087 1992.2 -385.66 2724.2 2338.5 -385.66 2838.2 2452.5 -1.4212 11.484 10.063
-28 0.04673 0.001086 2421.0 -389.47 2725.2 2335.7 -389.47 2838.3 2448.8 -1.4367 11.578 10.141
-30 0.03802 0.001086 2951.7 -393.25 2726.2 2332,9 -393.25 2838,4 2445.1 -1,4521 11.673 10.221
-32 0.03082 0.001086 3610.9 -397.00 2727.2 2330.2 -397.00 2838.4 2441.4 -—1.4676 11.770 10.303
-34 0.02490 0.001085 4432.4 -400.72 2728.1 2327.4 -400.72 2838.5 2437.7 -1.4831 11.869 10.386
-36 0.02004 0.001085 5460.1 -404.40 2729.0 2324.6 -404.40 2838.4 2434.0 -1.4986 11.969 10.470
-38 0.01608 0.001085 6750.5 -408.07 2729.9 2321.8 -408.07 2838.4 2430.3 -1.5141 12.071 10.557
-40 0.01285 0.001084 8376.7 -411.70 2730.7 23190 -411.70 2838.3 2426.6 -1.5296 12.174 10.644
926
TABLA A-11
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
mg KJ/kg KkJ/kg KkJ/kg - K
Pres. Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor
Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat. Evap., sat, sat., Evap., — sat.,
T*C— Pip kPa v, va us Ug Uy h; hi Ag S; Síg Sg
40 51.25 0.0007054 0.36081 -0.036 207.40 207.37 0.000 225.86 225.86 0.00000 0.96866 0.96866
-38 56.86 0.0007083 0.32732 2.475 206.04 208.51 2.515 224.61 227.12 0.01072 0.95511 0.96584
-36 62.95 0.0007112 0.29751 4.992 204.67 209.66 5.037 223.35 228.39 0.02138 0.94176 0.96315
-34 69.56 0.0007142 0.27090 7.517 203.29 210.81 7.566 222.09 229.65 0.03199 0.92859 0.96058
=32 76.71 0.0007172 0.24711 10.05 201.91 211.96 10.10 220.81 230.91 0.04253 0.91560 0.95813
-30 84.43 0.0007203 0.22580 12.59 200.52 213.11 12.65 219.52 232.17 0.05301 0.90278 0.95579
-28 92.76 0.0007234 0.20666 15.13 199.12 214.25 15.20 218.22 233.43 0.06344 0.89012 0.95356
-26 101.73 0.0007265 0.18946 17.69 197.72 215.40 17.76 216.92 234.68 0.07382 0.87762 0.95144
-24 111.37 0.0007297 0.17395 20.25 196.30 216.55 20.33 215.59 235.92 0.08414 0.86527 0.94941
=22 121.72 0.0007329 0.15995 22.82 194.88 217.70 22.91 214.26 s237.17 0.09441 0.85307 0.94748
-20 132.82 0.0007362 0.14729 25.39 193.45 218.84 25.49 212.91 238.41 0.10463 0.84101 0.94564
-18 144.69 0.0007396 0.13583 27.98 192.01 219.98 28.09 211.55 239.64 0.11481 0.82908 0.94389
-16 157.38 0.0007430 0.12542 30.57 190.56 221.13 30.69 210.18 240.87 0.12493 0.81729 0.94222
-14 170.93 0.0007464 0.11597 33.17 189.09 222.27 33.30 208.79 242.09 0.13501 0.80561 0.94063
-12 185.37 0.0007499 0.10736 35.78 187.62 223.40 35.92 207.38 243.30 0.14504 0.79406 0.93911
-10 200.74 0.0007535 0.099516 38.40 186.14 224.54 38.55 205.96 244.51 0.15504 0.78263 0.93766
-8 217.08 0.0007571 0.092352 41.03 184.64 225.67 41.19 204.52 245.72 0.16498 0.77130 0.93629
6 234.44 0.0007608 0.085802 43.66 183.13 226.80 43.84 203.07 246.91 0.17489 0.76008 0.93497
-4 252.85 0.0007646 0.079804 46.31 181.61 227.92 46.50 201.60 248.10 0.18476 0.74896 0.93372
-2 272.36 0.0007684 0.074304 48.96 180.08 229.04 49.17 200.11 249.28 0.19459 0.73794 0.93253
O 293.01 0.0007723 0.069255 51.63 178.53 230.16 51.86 198.60 250.45 0.20439 0.72701 0.93139
2 314.84 0.0007763 0.064612 54.30 176.97 231.27 54.55 197.07 251.61 0.21415 0.71616 0.93031
4 337.90 0.0007804 0.060338 56.99 175.39 232.38 57.25 195.51 252.77 0.22387 0.70540 0.92927
6 362.23 0.0007845 0.056398 59.68 173.80 233.48 59.97 193.94 253.91 0.23356 0.69471 0.92828
8 387.88 0.0007887 0.052762 62.39 172.19 234.58 62.69 192.35 255.04 0.24323 0.68410 0.92733
10 414.89 0.0007930 0.049403 65.10 170.56 235.67 65.43 190.73 256.16 0.25286 0.67356 0.92641
12 443.31 0.0007975 0.046295 67.83 168.92 236.75 68.18 189.09 257.27 0.26246 0.66308 0.92554
14 473.19 0.0008020 0.043417 70.57 167.26 237.83 70.95 187.42 258.37 0.27204 0.65266 0.92470
16 504.58 0.0008066 0.040748 73.32 165.58 238.90 73.73 185.73 259.46 0.28159 0.64230 0.92389
18 537.52 0.0008113 0.038271 76.08 163.88 239.96 76.52 184.01 260.53 0.29112 0.63198 0.92310
927
A
TABLA A-11
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión)
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
m/kg 1J/kg lJ/kg KJ/kg - K
Pres. Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor
Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
T"C Pa kPa Y, Y “ Ug Ug hi fig St Sy Se
20 572.07 0.0008161 0.035969 78.86 162.16 241.02 79.32 182.27 261.59 0.30063 0.62172 0.92234
22 608.27 0.0008210 0.033828 81.64 160.42 242.06 82.14 180.49 262.64 0.31011 0.61149 0.92160
24 646.18 0.0008261 0.031834 84.44 158.65 243.10 84.98 178.69 263.67 0.31958 0.60130 0.92088
26 685.84 0.0008313 0.029976 87.26 156.87 244.12 87.83 176.85 264.68 0.32903 0.59115 0.92018
28 727.31 0.0008366 0.028242 90.09 155.05 245.14 90.69 174.99 265.68 0.33846 0.58102 0.91948
30 770.64 0.0008421 0.026622 92.93 153.22 246.14 93.58 173.08 266.66 0.34789 0.57091 0.91879
32 815.89 0.0008478 0.025108 95.79 151.35 247.14 96.48 171.14 267.62 0.35730 0.56082 0.91811
34 863.11 0.0008536 0.023691 98.66 149.46 248.12 99.40 169.17 268.57 0.36670 0.55074 0.91743
36 912.35 0.0008595 0.022364 101.55 147.54 249.08 102.33 167.16 269.49 0.37609 0.54066 0.91675
38 963.68 0.0008657 0.021119 104,45 145.58 250.04 105.29 165.10 270.39 0.38548 0.53058 0.91606
40 1017.1 0.0008720 0.019952 107.38 143.60 250.97 108.26 163.00 271.27 0.39486 0.52049 0.91536
42 1072.8 0.0008786 0.018855 110.32 141.58 251.89 111.26 160.86 272.12 0.40425 0.51039 0.91464
44 1130.7 0.0008854 0.017824 113.28 139.52 252.80 114.28 158.67 272.95 0.41363 0.50027 0.91391
46 1191.0 0.0008924 0.016853 116.26 137.42 253.68 117.32 156.43 273.75 0.42302 0.49012 0.91315
48 1253.6 0.0008996 0.015939 119.26 135.29 254.55 120.39 154.14 274.53 0.43242 0.47993 0.91236
52 1386.2 0.0009150 0.014265 125.33 130.88 256.21 126.59 149.39 275.98 0.45126 0.45941 0.91067
56 1529.1 0.0009317 0.012771 131.49 126.28 257.77 132.91 144.38 277.30 0.47018 0.43863 0.90880
60 1682.8 0.0009498 0.011434 137.76 121.46 259.22 139.36 139.10 278.46 0.48920 0.41749 0.90669
65 1891.0 0.0009750 0.009950 145.77 115.05 260.82 147.62 132.02 279.64 0.51320 0.39039 0.90359
70 2118.2 0.0010037 0.008642 154.01 108.14 262.15 156.13 124.32 280.46 0.53755 0.36227 0.89982
75 2365.8 0.0010372 0.007480 162.53 100.60 263.13 164.98 115.85 280.82 0.56241 0.33272 0.89512
80 2635.3 0.0010772 0.006436 171.40 92.23 263.63 174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912
85 2928.2 0.0011270 0.005486 180.77 82.67 263.44 184.07 95.44 279.51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117
90 3246.9 0.0011932 0.004599 190.89 71.29 262.18 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010
95 3594.1 0.0012933 0.003726 202.40 56.47 258.87 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289
100 3975.1 0.0015269 0.002630 218.72 29.19 247.91 224.79 33.58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215
Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La
rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An
Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-1342) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures
up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a -40"C (y 40%).
928
TABLA A-12
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
m/kg kJ/kg KJ/kg KJ/kg - K
Temp. Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor
Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
PkPa Tay Cv, VE u, Ur U h; hi hz S; Sig Se
60 -36.95 0.0007098 0.31121 3.798 205.32 209.12 3.841 223.95 227.79 0.01634 0.94807 0.96441
70 -33.87 0.0007144 0.26929 7.680 203.20 210.88 7.730 222.00 229.73 0.03267 0.92775 0.96042
80 -31.13 0.0007185 0.23753 11.15 201.30 212.46 11.21 220.25 231.46 0.04711 0.90999 0.95710
90 -28.65 0.0007223 0.21263 14.31 199.57 213.88 14.37 218.65 233.02 0.06008 0.89419 0.95427
100 -26.37 0.0007259 0.19254 17.21 197.98 215.19 17.28 217.16 234.44 0.07188 0.87995 0.95183
120 -22.32 0.0007324 0.16212 22.40 195,11 217.51 22.49 214.48 236.97 0.09275 0.85503 0.94779
140 -18.77 0.0007383 0.14014 26.98 192.57 219.54 27.08 212.08 239.16 0.11087 0.83368 0.94456
160 -15.60 0.0007437 0.12348 31.09 190.27 221.35 31.21 209.90 241.11 0.12693 0.81496 0.94190
180 -12.73 0.0007487 0.11041 34.83 188.16 222.99 34.97 207.90 242.86 0.14139 0.79826 0.93965
200 -10.09 0.0007533 0.099867 38.28 186.21 224.48 38.43 206.03 244.46 0.15457 0.78316 0.93773
240 -5.38 0.0007620 0.083897 44.48 182.67 227.14 44.66 202.62 247.28 0.17794 0.75664 0.93458
280 -1.25 0.0007699 0.072352 49.97 179.50 229.46 50.18 199.54 249.72 0.19829 0.73381 0.93210
320 2.46 0.0007772 0.063604 54.92 176.61 231.52 55.16 196.71 251.88 0.21637 0.71369 0.93006
360 5.82 0.0007841 0.056738 59.44 173.94 233.38 59.72 194.08 253.81 0.23270 0.69566 0.92836
400 8.91 0.0007907 0.051201 63.62 171.45 235.07 63.94 191.62 255.55 0.24761 0.67929 0.92691
450 12.46 0.0007985 0.045619 68.45 168.54 237.00 68.81 188.71 257.53 0.26465 0.66069 0.92535
500 15.71 0.0008059 0.041118 72.93 165.82 238.75 73.33 185.98 259.30 0.28023 0.64377 0.92400
550 18.73 0.0008130 0.037408 77.10 163.25 240.35 77.54 183.38 260.92 0.29461 0.62821 0.92282
600 21.55 0.0008199 0.034295 81.02 160.81 241.83 81.51 180.90 262.40 0.30799 0.61378 0.92177
650 24.20 0.0008266 0.031646 84.72 158.48 243.20 85.26 178.51 263.77 0.32051 0.60030 0.92081
700 26.69 0.0008331 0.029361 88.24 156.24 244.48 88.82 176.21 265.03 0.33230 0.58763 0.91994
750 29.06 0.0008395 0.027371 91.59 154.08 245.67 92.22 173.98 266.20 0.34345 0.57567 0.91912
800 31.31 0.0008458 0.025621 94.79 152.00 246.79 95.47 171.82 267.29 0.35404 0.56431 0.91835
850 33.45 0.0008520 0.024069 97.87 149.98 247.85 98.60 169.71 268.31 0.36413 0.55349 0.91762
900 35.51 0.0008580 0.022683 100.83 148.01 248.85 101.61 167.66 269.26 0.37377 0.54315 0.91692
950 37.48 0.0008641 0.021438 103.69 146.10 249.79 104,51 165.64 270.15 0.38301 0.53323 0.91624
1000 39.37 0.0008700 0.020313 106.45 144.23 250.68 107.32 163.67 270.99 0.39189 0.52368 0.91558
1200 46.29 0.0008934 0.016715 116.70 137.11 253.81 117.77 156.10 273.87 0.42441 0.48863 0.91303
1400 52.40 0.0009166 0.014107 125.94 130.43 256.37 127.22 148.90 276.12 0.45315 0.45734 0.91050
1600 57.88 0.0009400 0.012123 134.43 124.04 258.47 135.93 141.93 277.86 0.47911 0.42873 0.90784
1800 62.87 0.0009639 0.010559 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 0.50294 0.40204 0.90498
2000 67.45 0.0009886 0.009288 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 0.52509 0.37675 0.90184
2500 77.54 0.0010566 0.006936 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280.79 0.57531 0.31695 0.89226
3000 86.16 0.0011406 0.005275 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92.63 279.09 0.62118 0.25776 0.87894
931
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 70,
10
£
z
É
$
É 04 04
02 02
0.1 01
0.04 0.04
0.02 0.02
0.01 0.01
100. 150 200250. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Entalpía, kJ/kg
FIGURA A-14
Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a.
Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a, Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse
utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas.
Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.
932
CASARSE
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GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA
DE COMPRESIBILIDAD
DE NELSON-OBERT
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA,
TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA,
VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, Y, ==
KT! Po]
0.1 02 03 04 0.5
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P,
06 0.7
2) Presiones intermedias, O < E, <7
GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA
DE COMPRESIBILIDAD.
DENELSON-OBERT.
rEsONREDUCDA
25 30 35 40 45
PRESIÓN REDUCIDA. P
FIGURA A-15
Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert.
Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin.
09
933
A
TABLA A-16
Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud
Velocidad Conductivi-
Altitud, Temperatura, Presión, Gravedad delsonido, Densidad, Viscosidad dad térmica,
m “e kPa 8, m/s? m/s kg/m3 q, kg/m - s Wim -K
0 15.00 101.33 9.807 340.3 1.225 1.789 x 1075 0.0253
200 13.70 98.95 9.806 339.5 1.202 1.783 x 1075 0.0252
400 12.40 96.61 9.805 338.8 1.179 1.777 x 1075 0.0252
600 11.10 94.32 9.805 338.0 1.156 1.771 x 1075 0.0251
800 9.80 92.08 9.804 337.2 1.134 1.764 x 1075 0.0250
1000 8.50 89.88 9.804 336.4 1.112 1.758 x 1075 0.0249
1200 7.20 87.72 9.803 335.7 1.090 1.752 x 1075 0.0248
1400 5.90 85.60 9.802 334.9 1.069 1.745 x 107 0.0247
1600 4.60 83.53 9.802 334.1 1.048 1.739 x 10? 0.0245
1800 3.30 81.49 9.801 333.3 1.027 1.732 x 107? 0.0244
2000 2.00 79.50 9.800 332.5 1.007 1.726 x 107% 0.0243
2200 0.70 77.55 9.800 331.7 0.987 1.720 x 107? 0.0242
2400 0.59 75.63 9.799 331.0 0.967 1.713 x 1075 0.0241
2600 -1.89 73.76 9.799 330.2 0.947 1.707 x 1075 0.0240
2800 -3.19 71.92 9.798 329.4 0.928 1.700 x 1075 0.0239
3000 4.49 70.12 9.797 328.6 0.909 1.694 x 1075 0.0238
3200 5.79 68.36 9.797 327.8 0.891 1.687 x 1075 0.0237
3400 7.09 66.63 9.796 327.0 0.872 1.681 x 1075 0.0236
3600 -8.39 64.94 9.796 326.2 0.854 1.674 x 1075 0.0235
3800 9.69 63.28 9.795 325.4 0.837 1.668 x 1075 0.0234
4000 -10.98 61.66 9.794 324.6 0.819 1.661 x 1075 0.0233
4200 -12.3 60.07 9.794 323.8 0.802 1.655 x 1075 0.0232
4400 -13.6 58.52 9.793 323.0 0.785 1.648 x 1075 0.0231
4600 -14,9 57.00 9.793 322.2 0.769 1.642 x 1075 0.0230
4800 -16.2 55.51 9.792 321.4 0.752 1.635 x 107? 0.0229
5000 -17.5 54.05 9.791 320.5 0.736 1.628 x 1075 0.0228
5200 -18.8 52.62 9.791 319.7 0.721 1.622 x 107? 0.0227
5400 20.1 51.23 9.790 318.9 0.705 1.615 x 107% 0.0226
5600 -21.4 49.86 9.789 318.1 0.690 1.608 x 1079 0.0224
5800 -22.7 48.52 9.785 317.3 0.675 1.602 x 1075 0.0223
6000 -24.0 47.22 9.788 316.5 0.660 1.595 x 1079 0.0222
6200 -25.3 45.94 9.788 315.6 0.646 1.588 x 107? 0.0221
6400 -26.6 44.69 9.187 314.8 0.631 1.582 x 1075 0.0220
6600 -27.9 43.47 9.786 314.0 0.617 1.575 x 1075 0.0219
6800 -29.2 42.27 9.785 313.1 0.604 1.568 x 1075 0.0218
7000 -30.5 41.11 9.785 312.3 0.590 1.561 x 1075 0.0217
8000 -36.9 35.65 9.782 308.1 0.526 1.527 x 1075 0.0212
9000 43.4 30.80 9.779 303.8 0.467 1.493 x 1075 0.0206
10,000 -49.9 26.50 9.776 299.5 0.414 1.458 x 1079 0.0201
12,000 -56.5 19.40 9.770 295.1 0.312 1.422 x 1075 0.0195
14,000 -56.5 14.17 9.764 295.1 0.228 1,422 x 1075 0.0195
16,000 -56.5 10.53 9.758 295.1 0.166 1.422 x 105 0.0195
18,000 56.5 7.57 9.751 295.1 0.122 1.422 x 1075 0.0195
Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a
una latitud de 45* y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (2= 0) se consideran como
P= 101.325 kPa, T= 15*C, p = 1.2250 kg/m*, g= 9.80665 m/s.
936
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-18
Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N,
T h u Ss T h u Ss
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol -K
0 0 0 0 600 17,563 12,574 212.066
220 6,391 4,562 182.639 610 17,864 12,792 212.564
230 6,683 4,770 183.938 620 18,166 13,011 213.055
240 6,975 4,979 185.180 630 18,468 13,230 213.541
250 7,266 5,188 186.370 640 18,772 13,450 214.018
260 7,558 5,396 187.514 650 19,075 13,671 214.489
270 7,849 5,604 188.614 660 19,380 13,892 214.954
280 8,141 5,813 189.673 670 19,685 14,114 215.413
290 8,432 6,021 190.695 680 19,991 14,337 215.866
298 8,669 6,190 191.502 690 20,297 14,560 216.314
300 8,723 6,229 191.682 700 20,604 14,784 216.756
310 9,014 6,437 192.638 710 20,912 15,008 217.192
320 9,306 6,645 193.562 720 21,220 15,234 217.624
330 9,597 6,853 194,459 730 21,529 15,460 218.059
340 9,888 7,061 195.328 740 21,839 15,686 218.472
350 10,180 7,270 196.173 750 22,149 15,913 218.889
360 10,471 7,478 196.995 760 22,460 16,141 219.301
370 10,763 7,687 197.794 770 22,772 16,370 219.709
380 11,055 7,895 198.572 780 23,085 16,599 220.113
390 11,347 8,104 199.331 790 23,398 16,830 220.512
400 11,640 8,314 200.071 800 23,714 17,061 220.907
410 11,932 8,523 200.794 810 24,027 17,292 221.298
420 12,225 8,733 201.499 820 24,342 17,524 221.684
430 12,518 8,943 202.189 830 24,658 17,757 222.067
440 12,811 9,153 202.863 840 24,974 17,990 222.447
450 13,105 9,363 203.523 850 25,292 18,224 222.822
460 13,399 9,574 204.170 860 25,610 18,459 223.194
470 13,693 9,786 204.803 870 25,928 18,695 223.562
480 13,988 9,997 205.424 880 26,248 18,931 223.927
490 14,285 10,210 206.033 890 26,568 19,168 224.288
500 14,581 10,423 206.630 900 26,890 19,407 224.647
510 14,876 10,635 207.216 910 27,210 19,644 225.002
520 15,172 10,848 207.792 920 27,532 19,883 225.353
530 15,469 11,062 208.358 930 27,854 20,122 225.701
540 15,766 11,277 208.914 940 28,178 20,362 226.047
550 16,064 11,492 209.461 950 28,501 20,603 226.389
560 16,363 11,707 209.999 960 28,826 20,844 226.728
570 16,662 11,923 210.528 970 29,151 21,086 227.064
580 16,962 12,139 211.049 980 29,476 21,328 227.398
590 17,262 12,356 211.562 990 29,803 21,571 227.728
TABLA A-18
Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N, (conclusión)
T h U so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K
1000 30,129 21,815 228.057 1760 56,227 41,594 247.396
1020 30,784 22,304 228.706 1780 56,938 42,139 247.798
1040 31,442 22,795 229.344 1800 57,651 42,685 248.195
1060 32,101 23,288 229.973 1820 58,363 43,231 248.589
1080 32,762 23,782 230.591 1840 59,075 43,777 248.979
1100 33,426 24,280 231.199 1860 59,790 44,324 249.365
1120 34,092 24,780 231.799 1880 60,504 44,873 249.748
1140 34,760 25,282 232.391 1900 61,220 45,423 250.128
1160 35,430 25,786 232.973 1920 61,936 45,973 250.502
1180 36,104 26,291 233.549 1940 62,654 46,524 250.874
1200 36,777 26,799 234.115 1960 63,381 47,075 251.242
1220 37,452 27,308 234.673 1980 64,090 47,627 251.607
1240 38,129 27,819 235.223 2000 64,810 48,181 251.969
1260 38,807 28,331 235.766 2050 66,612 49,567 252.858
1280 39,488 28,845 236.302 2100 68,417 50,957 253.726
1300 40,170 29,361 236.831 2150 70,226 52,351 254.578
1320 40,853 29,378 237.353 2200 72,040 53,749 255.412
1340 41,539 30,398 237.867 2250 73,856 55,149 256.227
1360 42,227 30,919 238.376 2300 75,676 56,553 257.027
1380 42,915 31,441 238.878 2350 77,496 57,958 257.810
1400 43,605 31,964 239.375 2400 79,320 59,366 258.580
1420 44,295 32,489 239.865 2450 81,149 60,779 259.332
1440 44,988 33,014 240.350 2500 82,981 62,195 260.073
1460 45,682 33,543 240.827 2550 84,814 63,613 260.799
1480 46,377 34,071 241.301 2600 86,650 65,033 261.512
1500 47,073 34,601 241.768 2650 88,488 66,455 262.213
1520 47,771 35,133 242.228 2700 90,328 67,880 262.902
1540 48,470 35,665 242.685 2750 92,171 69,306 263.577
1560 49,168 36,197 243.137 2800 94,014 70,734 264.241
1580 49,869 36,732 243.585 2850 95,859 72,163 264.895
1600 50,571 37,268 244.028 2900 97,705 73,593 265.538
1620 51,275 37,806 244.464 2950 99,556 75,028 266.170
1640 51,980 38,344 244.896 3000 101,407 76,464 266.793
1660 52,686 38,884 245.324 3050 103,260 77,902 267.404
1680 53,393 39,424 245.747 3100 105,115 79,341 268.007
1700 54,099 39,965 246.166 3150 106,972 80,782 268.601
1720 54,807 40,507 246.580 3200 108,830 82,224 269.186
1740 55,516 41,049 246.990 3250 110,690 83,668 269.763
Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas
originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.
938
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-19
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O,
T h ú so T h ú so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol-K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol-K
o 0 0 o 600 17,929 12,940 226.346
220 6,404 4,575 196.171 610 18,250 13,178 226.877
230 6,694 4,782 197.461 620 18,572 13,417 227.400
240 6,984 4,989 198.696 630 18,895 13,657 227.918
250 7,275 5,197 199.885 640 19,219 13,898 228.429
260 7,566 5,405 201.027 650 19,544 14,140 228.932
270 7,858 5,613 202.128 660 19,870 14,383 229.430
280 8,150 5,822 203.191 670 20,197 14,626 229.920
290 8,443 6,032 204.218 680 20,524 14,871 230.405
298 8,682 6,203 205.033 690 20,854 15,116 230.885
300 8,736 6,242 205.213 700 21,184 15,364 231.358
310 9,030 6,453 206.177 710 21,514 15,611 231.827
320 9,325 6,664 207.112 720 21,845 15,859 232,291
330 9,620 6,877 208.020 730 22,177 16,107 232.748
340 9,916 7,090 208.904 740 22,510 16,357 233.201
350 10,213 7,303 209.765 750 22,844 16,607 233.649
360 10,511 7,518 210.604 760 23,178 16,859 234.091
370 10,809 7,733 211.423 770 23,513 17,111 234.528
380 11,109 7,949 212.222 780 23,850 17,364 234.960
390 11,409 8,166 213.002 790 24,186 17,618 235.387
400 11,711 8,384 213.765 800 24,523 17,872 235.810
410 12,012 8,603 214.510 810 24,861 18,126 236.230
420 12,314 8,822 215.241 820 25,199 18,382 236.644
430 12,618 9,043 215.955 830 25,537 18,637 237.055
440 12,923 9,264 216.656 840 25,877 18,893 237.462
450 13,228 9,487 217.342 850 26,218 19,150 237.864
460 13,525 9,710 218.016 860 26,559 19,408 238.264
470 13,842 9,935 218.676 870 26,899 19,666 238.660
480 14,151 10,160 219.326 880 27,242 19,925 239.051
490 14,460 10,386 219.963 890 27,584 20,185 239,439
500 14,770 10,614 220.589 900 27,928 20,445 239.823
510 15,082 10,842 221.206 910 28,272 20,706 240.203
520 15,395 11,071 221.812 920 28,616 20,967 240.580
530 15,708 11,301 222.409 930 28,960 21,228 240.953
540 16,022 11,533 222.997 940 29,306 21,491 241.323
550 16,338 11,765 223.576 950 29,652 21,754 241.689
560 16,654 11,998 224.146 960 29,999 22,017 242.052
570 16,971 12,232 224.708 970 30,345 22,280 242.411
580 17,290 12,467 225.262 980 30,692 22,544 242.768
590 17,609 12,703 225.808 990 31,041 22,809 242.120
TABLA A-20
Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO, (conclusión)
T h ú se T h ú E
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol -K
1000 42,769 34,455 269.215 1760 86,420 71,787 301.543
1020 43,859 35,378 270.293 1780 87,612 72,812 302.217
1040 44,953 36,306 271.354 1800 88,806 73,840 302.884
1060 46,051 37,238 272.400 1820 90,000 74,868 303.544
1080 47,153 38,174 273.430 1840 91,196 75,897 304.198
1100 48,258 39,112 274,445 1860 92,394 76,929 304.845
1120 49,369 40,057 275.444 1880 93,593 77,962 305.487
1140 50,484 41,006 276.430 1900 94,793 78,996 306.122
1160 51,602 41,957 277.403 1920 95,995 80,031 306.751
1180 52,724 42,913 278.361 1940 97,197 81,067 307.374
1200 53,848 43,871 297.307 1960 98,401 82,105 307.992
1220 54,977 44,834 280.238 1980 99,606 83,144 308.604
1240 56,108 45,799 281.158 2000 100,804 84,185 309.210
1260 57,244 46,768 282.066 2050 103,835 86,791 310.701
1280 58,381 47,739 282.962 2100 106,864 89,404 312.160
1300 59,522 48,713 283.847 2150 109,898 92,023 313.589
1320 60,666 49,691 284.722 2200 112,939 94,648 314.988
1340 61,813 50,672 285.586 2250 115,984 97,277 316.356
1360 62,963 51,656 286.439 2300 119,035 99,912 317.695
1380 64,116 52,643 287.283 2350 122,091 102,552 319.011
1400 65,271 53,631 288.106 2400 125,152 105,197 320.302
1420 66,427 54,621 288.934 2450 128,219 107,849 321.566
1440 67,586 55,614 289.743 2500 131,290 110,504 322.808
1460 68,748 56,609 290.542 2550 134,368 113,166 324.026
1480 66,911 57,606 291.333 2600 137,449 115,832 325.222
1500 71,078 58,606 292.114 2650 140,533 118,500 326.396
1520 72,246 59,609 292.888 2700 143,620 121,172 327.549
1540 73,417 60,613 292.654 2750 146,713 123,849 328.684
1560 74,590 61,620 294.411 2800 149,808 126,528 329.800
1580 76,767 62,630 295.161 2850 152,908 129,212 330.896
1600 76,944 63,741 295.901 2900 156,009 131,898 331.975
1620 78,123 64,653 296.632 2950 159,117 134,589 333.037
1640 79,303 65,668 297.356 3000 162,226 137,283 334.084
1660 80,486 66,592 298.072 3050 165,341 139,982 335.114
1680 81,670 67,702 298.781 3100 168,456 142,681 336.126
1700 82,856 68,721 299.482 3150 171,576 145,385 337.124
1720 84,043 69,742 300.177 3200 174,695 148,089 338.109
1740 85,231 70,764 300.863 3250 177,822 150,801 339.069
942
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-21
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO
T h U s* T h u s*
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K
o o o 0 600 17,611 12,622 218.204
220 6,391 4,562 188.683 610 17,915 12,843 218.708
230 6,683 4,771 189.980 620 18,221 13,066 219.205
240 6,975 4,979 191.221 630 18,527 13,289 219.695
250 7,266 5,188 192.411 640 18,833 13,512 220.179
260 7,558 5,396 193.554 650 19,141 13,736 220.656
270 7,849 5,604 194.654 660 19,449 13,962 221.127
280 8,140 5,812 195.713 670 19,758 14,187 221.592
290 8,432 6,020 196.735 680 20,068 14,414 222.052
298 8,669 6,190 197.543 690 20,378 14,641 222.505
300 8,723 6,229 197.723 700 20,690 14,870 222.953
310 9,014 6,437 198.678 710 21,002 15,099 223.396
320 9,306 6,645 199.603 720 21,315 15,328 223.833
330 9,597 6,854 200.500 730 21,628 15,558 224.265
340 9,889 7,062 201.371 740 21,943 15,789 224.692
350 10,181 7,271 202.217 750 22,258 16,022 225.115
360 10,473 7,480 203.040 760 22,573 16,255 225.533
370 10,765 7,689 203.842 770 22,890 16,488 225.947
380 11,058 7,899 204.622 780 23,208 16,723 226.357
390 11,351 8,108 205.383 790 23,526 16,957 226.762
400 11,644 8,319 206.125 800 23,844 17,193 227.162
410 11,938 8,529 206.850 810 24,164 17,429 227.559
420 12,232 8,740 207.549 820 24,483 17,665 227.952
430 12,526 8,951 208.252 830 24,803 17,902 228.339
440 12,821 9,163 208.929 840 25,124 18,140 228.724
450 13,116 9,375 209.593 850 25,446 18,379 229.106
460 13,412 9,587 210,243 860 25,768 18,617 229.482
470 13,708 9,800 210.880 870 26,091 18,858 229.856
480 14,005 10,014 211.504 880 26,415 19,099 230.227
490 14,302 10,228 212.117 890 26,740 19,341 230.593
500 14,600 10,443 212.719 900 27,066 19,583 230.957
510 14,898 10,658 213.310 910 27,392 19,826 231.317
520 15,197 10,874 213.890 920 27,719 20,070 231.674
530 15,497 11,090 214.460 930 28,046 20,314 232.028
540 15,797 11,307 215.020 940 28,375 20,559 232.379
550 16,097 11,524 215.572 950 28,703 20,805 232.127
560 16,399 11,743 216.115 960 29,033 21,051 233.072
570 16,701 11,961 216.649 970 29,362 21,298 233.413
580 17,003 12,181 217.175 980 29,693 21,545 233.752
590 17,307 12,401 217.693 990 30,024 21,793 234.088
TABLA A-21
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión)
T h U so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K
1000 30,355 22,041 234.421 1760 56,756 42,123 253.991
1020 31,020 22,540 235.079 1780 57,473 42,673 254.398
1040 31,688 23,041 235.728 1800 58,191 43,225 254.797
1060 32,357 23,544 236.364 1820 58,910 43,778 255.194
1080 33,029 24,049 236.992 1840 59,629 44,331 255.587
1100 33,702 24,557 237.609 1860 60,351 44,886 255.976
1120 34,377 25,065 238.217 1880 61,072 45,441 256.361
1140 35,054 25,575 238.817 1900 61,794 45,997 256.743
1160 35,733 26,088 239.407 1920 62,516 46,552 257.122
1180 36,406 26,602 239.989 1940 63,238 47,108 257.497
1200 37,095 27,118 240.663 1960 63,961 47,665 257.868
1220 37,780 27,637 241.128 1980 64,684 48,221 258.236
1240 38,466 28,426 241.686 2000 65,408 48,780 258.600
1260 39,154 28,678 242.236 2050 67,224 50,179 259.494
1280 39,844 29,201 242.780 2100 69,044 51,584 260.370
1300 40,534 29,725 243.316 2150 70,864 52,988 261.226
1320 41,226 30,251 243.844 2200 72,688 54,396 262.065
1340 41,919 30,778 244.366 2250 74,516 55,809 262.887
1360 42,613 31,306 244.880 2300 76,345 57,222 263.692
1380 43,309 31,836 245.388 2350 78,178 58,640 264.480
1400 44,007 32,367 245.889 2400 80,015 60,060 265.253
1420 44,707 32,900 246.385 2450 81,852 61,482 266.012
1440 45,408 33,434 246.876 2500 83,692 62,906 266.755
1460 46,110 33,971 247.360 2550 85,537 64,335 267.485
1480 46,813 34,508 247.839 2600 87,383 65,766 268.202
1500 47,517 35,046 248.312 2650 89,230 67,197 268.905
1520 48,222 35,584 248.778 2700 91,077 68,628 269.596
1540 48,928 36,124 249.240 2750 92,930 70,066 270.285
1560 49,635 36,665 249.695 2800 94,784 71,504 270.943
1580 50,344 37,207 250.147 2850 96,639 72,945 271.602
1600 51,053 37,750 250.592 2900 98,495 74,383 272.249
1620 51,763 38,293 251.033 2950 100,352 75,825 272.884
1640 52,472 38,837 251.470 3000 102,210 77,267 273.508
1660 53,184 39,382 251.901 3050 104,073 78,715 274.123
1680 53,895 39,927 252.329 3100 105,939 80,164 274.730
1700 54,609 40,474 252.751 3150 107,802 81,612 275.326
1720 55,323 41,023 253.169 3200 109,667 83,061 275.914
1740 56,039 41,572 253.582 3250 111,534 84,513 276.494
946
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-23
Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H¿0 (conclusión)
T h U so T h ú so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol -K
1000 35,882 27,568 232.597 1760 70,535 55,902 258.151
1020 36,709 28,228 233.415 1780 71,523 56,723 258.708
1040 37,542 28,895 234.223 1800 72,513 57,547 259.262
1060 38,380 29,567 235.020 1820 73,507 58,375 259.811
1080 39,223 30,243 235.806 1840 74,506 59,207 260.357
1100 40,071 30,925 236.584 1860 75,506 60,042 260.898
1120 40,923 31,611 237.352 1880 76,511 60,880 261.436
1140 41,780 32,301 238.110 1900 77,517 61,720 261.969
1160 42,642 32,997 238.859 1920 78,527 62,564 262.497
1180 43,509 33,698 239.600 1940 79,540 63,411 263.022
1200 44,380 34,403 240.333 1960 80,555 64,259 263.542
1220 45,256 35,112 241.057 1980 81,573 65,111 264.059
1240 46,137 35,827 241.773 2000 82,593 65,965 264.571
1260 47,022 36,546 242.482 2050 85,156 68,111 265.838
1280 47,912 37,270 243.183 2100 87,735 70,275 267.081
1300 48,807 38,000 243.877 2150 90,330 72,454 268.301
1320 49,707 38,732 244.564 2200 92,940 74,649 269.500
1340 50,612 39,470 245.243 2250 95,562 76,855 270.679
1360 51,521 40,213 245.915 2300 98,199 79,076 271.839
1380 52,434 40,960 246.582 2350 100,846 81,308 272.978
1400 53,351 41,711 247.241 2400 103,508 83,553 274.098
1420 54,273 42,466 247.895 2450 106,183 85,811 275.201
1440 55,198 43,226 248.543 2500 108,868 88,082 276.286
1460 56,128 43,989 249.185 2550 111,565 90,364 277.354
1480 57,062 44,756 249.820 2600 114,273 92,656 278.407
1500 57,999 45,528 250.450 2650 116,991 94,958 279.441
1520 58,942 46,304 251.074 2700 119,717 97,269 280.462
1540 59,888 47,084 251.693 2750 122,453 99,588 281.464
1560 60,838 47,868 252.305 2800 125,198 101,917 282.453
1580 61,792 48,655 252.912 2850 127,952 104,256 283.429
1600 62,748 49,445 253.513 2900 130,717 106,605 284.390
1620 63,709 50,240 254,111 2950 133,486 108,959 285.338
1640 64,675 51,039 254.703 3000 136,264 111,321 286.273
1660 65,643 51,841 255.290 3050 139,051 113,692 287.194
1680 66,614 52,646 255.873 3100 141,846 116,072 288.102
1700 67,589 53,455 256.450 3150 144,648 118,458 288.999
1720 68,567 54,267 257.022 3200 147,457 120,851 289.884
1740 69,550 55,083 257.589 3250 150,272 123,250 290.756
TABLA A-24
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O
T h u so T h u so
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol -K
o o o 0 2400 50,894 30,940 204.932
298 6,852 4,373 160.944 2450 51,936 31,566 205.362
300 6,892 4,398 161.079 2500 52,979 32,193 205.783
500 11,197 7,040 172.088 2550 54,021 32,820 206.196
1000 21,713 13,398 186.678 2600 55,064 33,447 206.601
1500 32,150 19,679 195.143 2650 56,108 34,075 206.999
1600 34,234 20,931 196.488 2700 57,152 34,703 207.389
1700 36,317 22,183 197.751 2750 58,196 35,332 207.772
1800 38,400 23,434 198.941 2800 59,241 35,961 208.148
1900 40,482 24,685 200.067 2850 60,286 36,590 208.518
2000 42,564 25,935 201.135 2900 61,332 37,220 208.882
2050 43,605 26,560 201.649 2950 62,378 37,851 209.240
2100 44,646 27,186 202.151 3000 63,425 38,482 209.592
2150 45,687 27,811 202.641 3100 65,520 39,746 210.279
2200 46,728 28,436 203.119 3200 67,619 41,013 210.945
2250 47,769 29,062 203.588 3300 69,720 42,283 211.592
2300 48,811 29,688 204.045 3400 71,824 43,556 212.220
2350 49,852 30,314 204,493 3500 73,932 44,832 212.831
TABLA A-25
Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH
T h ú ze T h ú ze
K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol -K
o o o 0 2400 77,015 57,061 248.628
298 9,188 6,709 183.594 2450 78,801 58,431 249.364
300 9,244 6,749 183.779 2500 80,592 59,806 250.088
500 15,181 11,024 198.955 2550 82,388 61,186 250.799
1000 30,123 21,809 219.624 2600 84,189 62,572 251.499
1500 46,046 33,575 232.506 2650 85,995 63,962 252.187
1600 49,358 36,055 234.642 2700 87,806 65,358 252.864
1700 52,706 38,571 236.672 2750 89,622 66,757 253.530
1800 56,089 41,123 238.606 2800 91,442 68,162 254.186
1900 59,505 43,708 240.453 2850 93,266 69,570 254.832
2000 62,952 46,323 242.221 2900 95,095 70,983 255.468
2050 64,687 47,642 243.077 2950 96,927 72,400 256.094
2100 66,428 48,968 243.917 3000 98,763 73,820 256.712
2150 68,177 50,301 244.740 3100 102,447 76,673 257.919
2200 69,932 51,641 245.547 3200 106,145 79,539 259.093
2250 71,694 52,987 246.338 3300 109,855 82,418 260.235
2300 73,462 54,339 247.116 3400 113,578 85,309 261.347
2350 75,236 55,697 247.879 3500 117,312 88,212 262.429
948
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
TABLA A-26
Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta
a25*C, 1 atm
hy E 5
Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol - K
Acetileno C2H2(8) +226,730 +209,170 200.85
Agua H20(£) 285,830 237,180 69.92
Alcohol etílico CzH50H(g) 235,310 -168,570 282.59
Alcohol etílico C2H¿OH(£) 277,690 -174,890 160.70
Alcohol metílico CH3¿OH(g) 200,670 -162,000 239.70
Alcohol metílico CH3¿OH(£) -238,660 -166,360 126.80
Amoniaco NHa(8g) -46,190 -16,590 192.33
Benceno CóHe(8) +82,930 +129,660 269.20
n-butano CaHio(8) -126,150 -15,710 310.12
Carbón C(s) 0 0 5.74
Dióxido de carbono COz(g) -393,520 -394,360 213.80
n-dodecano Ci2Hoc(8) 291,010 +50,150 622.83
Etano CoHs(8) 84,680 32,890 229.49
Etileno CoHa(8) +52,280 +68,120 219.83
Hidrógeno H2(8) o o 130.68
Hidrógeno H(8) +218,000 +203,290 114.72
Hidroxilo O0H(8) +39,460 +34,280 183.70
Metano CHa(8) 74,850 50,790 186.16
Monóxido de carbono CO(g) -110,530 -137,150 197.65
Nitrógeno N2(8) 0 0 191.61
Nitrógeno N(8) +472,650 +455,510 153.30
n-octano CaHia(8) 208,450 +16,530 466.73
n-octano CaHa(£) 249,950 +6,610 360.79
Oxígeno O»(8) 0 O 205.04
Oxígeno 0(g) +249,190 +231,770 161.06
Peróxido de hidrógeno H20,(g) -136,310 105,600 232.63
Propano C3Ha(8) -103,850 23,490 269.91
Propileno C3H6(8) +20,410 +62,720 266.94
Vapor de agua H20(8) -241,820 228,590 188.83
Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of
Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44,
Carnegie Press, 1953.
951
Desviación de entalpía Z,
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 10 20 3.0 4.05.0 10 20 30
Presión reducida, P,
<| 0500
Ls
als
ae 7
<- La 7
0400 VA
z
- 2
, A;
Y D
0.300
" e
E FIGURA A-29
Y 0200 2 . o
E Carta generalizada de desviación de
140 entalpía.
¿ 0.100 160] P
? - Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius,
Y e | y y
3 y ¡4 2.00 | Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,
3 —— AE A versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558,
3 0.000 E Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig C.S.
A 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 020 025 030
952
CASARSE
FIGURA A-30
Carta generalizada de desviación de
entropía.
Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius,
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,
versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559,
Fig. C3 y p. 561, Fig C5.
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10.0
90
Desviación de entropía
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956
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI)
T, (+ 1)Ma?(2 + (k — 1)Ma?] TABLA A-34
Ti (1 +1Ma2y Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k = 1.4
Po_ k+1 e +(k- o Ma Ty Té PIPE 7T* PIp* viv*
PG 1+1kM2 k+1
> 0.0 0.0000 1.2679 0.0000 2.4000 0.0000
T_ qua) 0.1 0.0468 1.2591 0.0560 2.3669 0.0237
ro lira 0.2 0.1736 1.2346 0.2066 2.2727 0.0909
PO 1+k 0.3 0.3469 1.1985 0.4089 2.1314 0.1918
aa 0.4 0.5290 1.1566 0.6151 1.9608 0.3137
PR 14+kMa
0.5 0.6914 1.1141 0.7901 1.7778 0.4444
Vo pt (+ pm 0.6 0.8189 1.0753 0.9167 1.5957 0.5745
* +7 Tim 0.7 0.9085 1.0431 0.9929 1.4235 0.6975
08 0.9639 1.0193 1.0255 1.2658 0.8101
0.9 0.9921 1.0049 1.0245 1.1246 0.9110
1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
1.2 0.9787 1.0194 0.9118 0.7958 1.1459
1.4 0.9343 1.0777 0.8054 0.6410 1.2564
1.6 0.8842 1.1756 0.7017 0.5236 1.3403
1.8 0.8363 1.3159 0.6089 0.4335 1.4046
2.0 0.7934 1.5031 0.5289 0.3636 1.4545
2.2 0.7561 1.7434 0.4611 0.3086 1.4938
2.4 0.7242 2.0451 0.4038 0.2648 1.5252
2.6 0.6970 2.4177 0.3556 0.2294 1.5505
2.8 0.6738 2.8731 0.3149 0.2004 1.5711
3.0 0.6540 3.4245 0.2803 0.1765 1.5882
3.5
Por)
3.07
z p >
a > in
1 1 1
Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh
e
1
0.5
APÉNDICE
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES,
FIGURASY DIAGRAMAS
(UNIDADES INGLESAS)
Tabla A-1E
Tabla A-2E
Tabla A-3E
Tabla A-4E
Tabla A-5E
Tabla A-GE
Tabla A-7E
Tabla A-8E
Figura A-9E
Figura A-10E
Tabla A-11E
Tabla A-12E
Tabla A-13E
Figura A-14E
Tabla A-16E
Masa molar, constante de gas y
propiedades del punto crítico
Calores específicos de gas ideal
de varios gases comunes
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos
y alimentos comunes
Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado
Agua líquida comprimida
Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua
Diagrama T-s para el agua
Diagrama de Mollier para el agua
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla
de temperatura
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla
de presión
Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado
Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a
Propiedades de la atmósfera
a gran altitud
Tabla A-17E
Tabla A-18E
Tabla A-19E
Tabla A-20E
Tabla A-21E
Tabla A-22E
Tabla A-23E
Tabla A-26E
Tabla A-27E
Figura A-31E
Propiedades de gas ideal del aire
Propiedades de gas ideal
del nitrógeno, N,
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno,
o,
Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido
de carbono, CO,
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido
de carbono, CO
Propiedades de gas ideal
del hidrógeno, H,
Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor
de agua, H,O
Entalpía de formación, función de
Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta
a77*C, 1 atm
Propiedades de algunos combustibles
e hidrocarburos comunes
Gráfica psicrométrica a 1 atm
de presión total
958
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-1E
Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico
mM Constante de gas, R Propiedades del punto crítico
asa
molar, M- Btu/ psia - ft3/ | Temperatura, Presión, Volumen,
Sustancia Fórmula Ibm/lbmol Ibm-R*_lbm-R* |R psia fté/lbmol
Agua H20 18.015 0.1102 0.5956 1164.8 3200 0.90
Aire =- 28.97 0.06855 0.3704 238.5 547 1.41
Alcohol etílico C2H¿0H 46.07 0.04311 0.2329 929.0 926 2.68
Alcohol metílico CH¿0H 32.042 0.06198 0.3349 923.7 1154 1.89
Amoniaco NHz 17.03 0.1166 0.6301 729.8 1636 1.16
Argón Ar 39.948 0.04971 0.2686 272 705 1.20
Benceno CóHó 78.115 0.02542 0.1374 1012 714 4.17
Bromo Br, 159.808 0.01243 0.06714 1052 1500 2.17
n-Butano CaHio 58.124 0.03417 0.1846 765.2 551 4.08
Cloro Cl, 70.906 0.02801 0.1517 751 1120 1.99
Cloroformo CHCla 119.38 0.01664 0.08988 965.8 794 3.85
Cloruro metílico CH3Cl 50.488 0.03934 0.2125 749.3 968 2.29
Criptón Kr 83.80 0.02370 0.1280 376.9 798 1.48
Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CCloFa 120.91 0.01643 0.08874 692.4 582 3.49
Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCI¿F 102.92 0.01930 0.1043 813.0 749 3.16
Dióxido de carbono CO, 44.01 0.04513 0.2438 547.5 1071 1.51
Dióxido de sulfuro SO, 64.063 0.03100 1.1675 775.2 1143 1.95
Etano CaH6 30.020 0.06616 0.3574 549.8 708 2.37
Etileno C2Ha 28.054 0.07079 0.3825 508.3 742 1.99
Helio He 4.003 0.4961 2.6809 9.5 33.2 0.926
n-Hexano CóHia 86.178 0.02305 0.1245 914.2 439 5.89
Hidrógeno (normal) H> 2.016 0.9851 5.3224 59.9 188.1 1.04
Metano CHa 16.043 0.1238 0.6688 343.9 673 1.59
Monóxido de carbono co 28.011 0.0709 0.3831 240 507 1.49
Neón Ne 20.183 0.09840 0.5316 80.1 395 0.668
Nitrógeno N> 28.013 0.07090 0.3830 227.1 492 1.44
Óxido nitroso N¿0 44.013 0.04512 0.2438 557.4 1054 1.54
Oxígeno O, 31.999 0.06206 0.3353 278.6 736 1.25
Propano C3Hg 44.097 0.04504 0.2433 665.9 617 3.20
Propileno C3H6 42.081 0.04719 0.2550 656.9 670 2.90
Tetracloruro de carbono CCla 153.82 0.01291 0.06976 1001.5 661 4.42
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF¿CH2F 102.03 0.01946 0.1052 673.6 588.7 3.19
Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CClaF 137.37 0.01446 0.07811 848.1 635 3.97
Xenón Xe 131.30 0.01513 0.08172 521.55 852 1.90
*Calculada de R= R,/M, donde R,=1.98588 Btu/lbmol - R= 10.7316 psia - ft*/Ibmol - R y Mes la masa molar.
Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52, 1953, pp. 117-236; y ASHRAE (Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y
Acondicionamiento de Aire), Handbook of Fundamentals, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,
1993, pp. 16.4 y 36.1.
II
TABLA A-2E
Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión)
Cc) Como una función de la temperatura
Ty= a+ bT+cT?+ dr?
(Tin R, c, en Btu/lbmol - R)
Rango de 2% error
Sustancia Fórmula a b Cc d temp., R Máx. Prom.
Acetileno CoHo 5.21 1.2227 x10? -0.4812 x10* 0.7457 x 10% 491-2700 1.46 0.59
Aire = 6.713 0.02609 x 1072 0.03540 x 10 —0.08052x 107? 491-3240 0.72 0.33
Amoniaco NhHa 6.5846 0.34028 x 10? 0.073034 x 108 -0.27402x 10? 491-2700 0.91 0.36
Azufre S, 6.499 0.2943 x 107? 0.1200 x 107? 0.1632 x 1072 491-3240 0.99 0.38
Benceno CóHg -8.650 6.4322 Xx 10? -2.327 Xx10 3.179 x10% 491-2700 0.34 0.20
Butano CaHio 1.890 5.520 x10? -169% x10% 2.044 x10% 491-2740 0.25 0.13
n-Butano CaHio 0.945 4.929 x1072 -1.352 x 10 1.433 x 107% 491-2740 0.54 0,24
Cloruro de hidrógeno HCI 7.244, ).1011 x 102 0.09783 x 1073 0.1776 x 107? 491-2740 0.22 0.08
Dióxido de azufre SO, 6.157 0.7689 x 10? 0.2810 x107> 0.3527 x 107% 491-3240 0.45 0.24
Dióxido de carbono CO, 5.316 0.79361 x 107? 0.2581 x 107? 0.3059 x 107% 491-3240 0.67 0.22
Dióxido de nitrógeno NO) 5.48 0.7583 x 10? 0.260 x 109 0.322 x10?% 491-2700 0.46 0.18
Etano CoHg 1.648 2.291 x10? 0.4722 x105 0.2984 x 102 491-2740 0.83 0.28
Etanol C7H50 4.75 2.781 x10? 0.7651 x 105 0.821 x 10% 491-2700 0.40 0.22
Etileno CoHa 0.944 2.075 x 107? 0.6151 x107% 0.7326 x 107% 491-2740 0.54 0.13
n-Hexano CóHra 1.657 7.328 x10? -2.112 x10 2.363 x10% 491-2740 0.72 0.20
Hidrógeno Ha 6.952 0.02542 x 107? 0.02952 x 1073 —0.03565x 1072 491-3240 1.02 0.26
Metano Cha 4.750 0.6666 x 1072 0.09352 x 1073 0.4510 x 107? 491-2740 1.33 0.57
Metanol CH¿0 4.55 1214 x10? -0.08988 x10*?% -0.329 x10?% 491-1800 0.18 0.08
Monóxido de carbono CO 6.726 0.02222 x 1072 0.03960 x 1073 —0.09100x 107? 491-3240 0.89 0.37
Nitrógeno Na 6.903 ).02085 x 107? 0.05957 x 103 0.1176 x 10? 491-3240 0.59 0.34
Óxido nítrico NO 7.008 ).01247 x 10? 0.07185 x 10? 0.1715 x 10% 491-2700 0.97 0.36
Óxido nitroso N¿O 5.758 0.7780 x 10? 0.2596 x 10? 0.4331 x 10% 491-2700 0.59 0.26
Oxígeno 0, 6.085 0.2017 x 10? -0.05275 x 10? 0.05372x 10? 491-3240 1.19 0.28
mPentano CsHro 1.618 6.028 x102 -1.656 x10 1.732 x10% 491-2740 0.56 0.21
Propano CaHa -0.966 4.044 x 10? -1.159 x10 1300 x10? 491-2740 0.40 0.12
Propileno CaHó 0.753 3.162 x10? -0.8981 x 107? 1.008 x 107% 491-2740 0.73 0,17
Trióxido de azufre SOz 3.918 1.935 x10? -0.8256 x 107? 1.328 x 102% 491-2340 0.29 0.13
Vapor de agua H70 7.700 0.02552 x 10? 0.07781 x 105 0.1472 x 10? 491-3240 0.53 0.24
Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3/E por Kyle, B. G., O 2000. Adaptada con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,
Nueva Jersey.
962
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-3E
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes
a) Líquidos
Datos de ebullición a 1 atm Datos de congelación Propiedades de líquido
Punto
normal de Calor latente Punto Calor latente Calor
ebullición, de vaporización, | de conge- de fusión, Temperatura, Densidad, específico, C,
Sustancia FE hs Btu/lbm lación, F — hj Btu/lbm | F plbm/fé— Btu/lbm - R
Aceite (ligero) = = 77 56.8 0.430
Agua 212 970.1 32 143.5 32 62.4 1.01
90 62.1 1.00
150 61.2 1.00
212 59.8 1.01
Alcohol etílico 173.5 368 -248.8 46.4 68 49.3 0.678
Amoniaco -27.9 24.54 -107.9 138.6 -27.9 42.6 1.06
0 41.3 1.083
40 39.5 1.103
80 37.5 1.135
Argón -302.6 69.5 -308.7 12.0 -302.6 87.0 0.272
Benceno 176.4 169.4 41.9 54.2 68 54.9 0.411
n-Butano 31.1 165.6 -217.3 34.5 31.1 37.5 0.552
Dióxido de carbono —109.2* 99.6 (a 32*F) -69.8 = 32 57.8 0.583
Etanol 172.8 360.5 -173.6 46.9 77 48.9 0.588
Etilén glicol 388.6 344.0 12.6 77.9 68 69.2 0.678
Glicerina 355.8 419 66.0 86.3 68 78.7 0.554
Helio 452.1 9.80 = = 452.1 9.13 5.45
Hidrógeno 423.0 191.7 434.5 25.6 423.0 4.41 2.39
Isobutano 10.9 157.8 255.5 45.5 10.9 37.1 0.545
Mercurio 674.1 126.7 38.0 4,90 77 847 0.033
Metano -258.7 219.6 296.0 25.1 -258.7 26.4 0.834
-160 20.0 1.074
Metanol 148.1 473 -143.9 42.7 77 49.1 0.609
Nitrógeno 320.4 85.4 -346.0 10.9 320.4 50.5 0.492
-260 38.2 0.643
Octano 256.6 131.7 -71.5 77.9 68 43.9 0.502
Oxígeno -297.3 91.5 -361.8 5.9 -297.3 71.2 0.408
Petróleo = 99-165 68 40.0 0.478
Propano 43.7 184.0 -305.8 34,4 -43.7 36.3 0.538
32 33.0 0.604
100 29.4 0.673
Salmuera (20%
de cloruro de
sodio por masa) 219.0 = 0.7 = 68 71.8 0.743
Queroseno 399-559 108 -12.8 = 68 51.2 0.478
Refrigerante 134a —15.0 93.3 -141.9 = -40 88.5 0.283
-15 86.0 0.294
32 80.9 0.318
90 73.6 0.348
*Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 75.1 psia, el dióxido de carbono existe como sólido o como gas.
También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de -69.8F.)
TABLA A-3E
Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (continuación)
b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa)
963
Calor Calor
Densidad, específico, Cp Densidad, específico, Cp
Sustancia e lom/ft? Btu/lbm - R_ | Sustancia e lbm/fto Btu/lbm - R
Metales No metales
Acero dulce 489 0.119 Asfalto 132 0.220
Aluminio Arcilla 62.4 0.220
100% 0.192 Arena 94.9
32F 0.212 Caucho (blando) 68.7
100% 170 0.218 Caucho (duro) 71.8
200% 0.224 Concreto 144 0.156
300% 0.229 Diamante 151 0.147
400% 0.235 Grafito 156 0.170
500%F 0.240 Granito 169 0.243
Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 517 0.0955 Hielo
2% Al) =50%F 0.424
Cobre 0% 0.471
60% 0.0862 20 0.491
0% 0.0893 32%F 57.5 0.502
100*F 555 0.0925 Ladrillo común 120 0.189
200*F 0.0938 Ladrillo refractario (500 *C) 144 0.229
390% 0.0963 Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) 34.0
Hierro 490 0.107 Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) 45.0
Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 519 0.0955 Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) 32.0
35% Zn) Mármol 162 0.210
Magnesio 108 0.239 Piedra 93.6
Níquel 555 0.105 Piedra caliza 103 0.217
Plata 655 0.056 Vidrio para ventanas 169 0.191
Plomo 705 0.030 Vidrio pirex 139 0.200
Tungsteno 1211 0.031 Yeso o tabla de yeso 50 0.260
Cc) Alimentos
Calor específico, Calor específico,
Btullbm - R Btulbm + R
Calor Calor
Contenido — Puntode — Porencima Pordebajo latente Contenido — Punto de Porencima Por debajo — latente
de agua, congela= del puntode del punto de de fusión de agua — congela, del punto de del punto de de fusión
Alimentos % (mesa) ción “F congelación congelación Blulbm | Alimentos % (masa)__ción *F__ congelación congelación Btulbm
Brócoli 90 31 0.921 0.471 129 | Mantequilla 16 = - 0.249 23
Camarón 83 28 0.865 0.450 119 | Manzanas 34 30 0.873 0.453 121
Carne de pollo 74 27 0.793 0.423 106 |Maíz dulce 74 31 0.793 0.423 106
Carne de res 67 - 0.737 0.402 96 | Naranjas 87 31 0.897 0.462 125
Cerezas 80 29 0.841 0.441 115 |Papas 78 31 0.825 0.435 112
Espinaca 93 31 0.945 0.481 134 |Pavo 64 — 0.713 0.393 92
Fresas 90 31 0.921 0.471 129 | Plátanos 75 31 0.801 0.426 108
Helado 63 22 0.705 0.390 90 | Queso suizo 39 14 0.513 0.318 56
Huevo entero 74 31 0.793 0.423 106 | Salmón 64 28 0.713 0.393 92
Leche entera 88 31 0.905 0.465 126 | Sandía 93 31 0.945 0.481 134
Lechuga 95 32 0.961 0.487 136 | Tomates (maduros) 94 31 0.953 0.484 135
Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación
para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión I-P, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Con-
ditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras,
así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos.
966
TABLA A-5E
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
ft/1om Stu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm + R
Temp. — LíQ. Vapor Lía. Vapor Lía. Vapor — LíQ. Vapor
Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
Ppsia Tas FO YY Mi w Ue u A ag ha Ss, Sy %
1 101.69 0.01614 333.49 69.72 973.99 1043.7 69.72 10357 1105.4 0.13262 1.84495 1.9776
2 126.02 0.01623 173.71 94.02 957.45 10515 94.02 10217 11158 0.17499 1.74444 1.9194
3 141.41 0.01630 118.70 109.39 946.90 1056.3 109.40 10128 11222 0.20090 1.68489 1.8858
4 152.91 0.01636 90.629 120.89 938.97 1059.9 120.90 1006.0 1126.9 0.21985 1.64225 1.8621
5 162.18 0.01641 73.525 130.17 932.53 10627 130.18 1000.5 1130.7 0.23488 1.60894 1.8438
6 170.00 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995.88 1133.9 0.24739 1.58155 1.8289
8 182.81 0.01652 47.347 150.83 918.08 1068.9 150.86 988.15 1139.0 0.26757 1.53800 1.8056
10 193.16 0.01659 38.425 161.22 910.75 10720 161.25 981.82 1143.1 0.28362 1.50391 1.7875
14.696 211.95 0.0161 26.805 180.12 897.27 10774 180.16 970.12 1150.3 0.31215 1.44441 1.7566
15 212.99 001672 26.297 181.16 896.52 1077.7 181.21 969.47 1150.7 0.31370 1.44441 1.7549
20 227.92 0.01683 20.093 196.21 885.63 10818 196.27 959.93 1156.2 0.33582 1.39606 1.7319
25 240.03 0.01692 16.307 208.45 876.67 10851 208.52 952.03 1160.6 0.35347 1.36060 1.7141
30 250.30 0.01700 13.749 218.84 868.98 1087.8 218.93 945.21 1164. 0.36821 1.33132 1.6995
35 259.25 0.01708 11.901 227.92 862.19 1090.1 228.03 939.16 1167.2 0.38093 1.30632 1.6872
40 267.22 0.01715 10.501 236.02 856.09 10921 236.14 933.69 1169.8 0.39213 1.28448 1.6766
45 274.41 0.01721 9.4028 243.34 850.52 10939 243.49 928.68 1172.2 0.40216 1.26506 1.6672
50 280.99 0.01727 8.5175 250.05 845.39 10954 250.21 924.03 1174.2 0.41125 1.24756 1.6588
55 287.05 0.01732 7.7882 256.25 840.61 10969 256.42 919.70 1176.1 0.41958 1.23162 1.6512
60 292.69 0.01738 7.1766 262.01 836.13 1098.1 262.20 915.61 11778 0.42728 1.21697 1.6442
65 297.95 0.01743 6.6560 267.41 831.90 1099.3 267.62 911.75 11794 0.43443 1.20341 1.6378
70 302.91 0.01748 6.2075 272.50 827.90 1100.4 272.72 908.08 1180.8 0.44112 1.19078 1.6319
75 307.59 0.01752 5.8167 277.31 824.09 1101.4 277.55 904.58 1182.1 0.44741 1.17895 1.6264
80 312.02 0.01757 5.4733 281.87 820.45 11023 282.13 901.22 1183.4 0.45335 1.16783 1.6212
85 316.24 001761 5.1689 286.22 816.97 1103.2 286.50 898.00 1184.5 0.45897 1.15732 1.6163
90 320.26 0.01765 4.8972 290.38 813.62 1104.0 290.67 894.89 1185.6 0.46431 1.14737 1.6117
95 324.11 001770 4.6532 294.36 810.40 11048 294.67 891.89 1186.6 0.46941 1.13791 1.6073
100 327.81 0.01774 4.4327 298.19 807.29 1105.5 298.51 888.99 1187.5 0.47427 1.1288 1.6032
110 334.77 0.01781 4.0410 305.41 801.37 11068 305.78 883.44 1189.2 0.48341 1,11201 1.5954
120 341.25 0.01789 3.7289 312.16 795.79 11079 312.55 878.20 1190.8 0.49187 1.09646 1.5883
130 347.32 0.01796 3.4557 318.48 790.51 11090 318.92 873.21 1192.1 0.49974 1.08204 1.5818
140 353.03 001802 3.2202 324.45 785.49 11099 324.92 868.45 11934 0.50711 1.06858 1.5757
150 358.42 0.01809 3.0150 330.11 780.69 11108 330.61 863.88 1194.5 0.51405 1.05595 1.5700
160 363.54 001815 2.8347 335.49 776.10 11116 336.02 859.49 1195.5 0.52061 1.04405 1.5647
170 368.41 0.01821 2.6749 340.62 771.68 11123 341.19 855.25 11964 0.52682 1.03279 1.5596
180 373.07 0.01827 2.5322 345.53 767.42 11130 346.14 851.16 1197.3 0.53274 1.02210 1.5548
190 377.52 0.01833 2.4040 350.24 763.31 11136 350.89 847.19 1198.1 0.53839 1.01191 1.5503
200 381.80 0.01839 2.2882 354.78 759.32 1114.1 355.46 843.33 11988 0.54379 1.00219 1.5460
250 400.97 0.01865 1.8440 375.23 741.02 11163 376.09 82547 1201.6 0.56784 0.95912 1.5270
300 417.35 0.0189 1.5435 392.89 724.77 1117.7 393.94 809.41 1203.3 0.58818 0.92289 1.5111
350 431.74 0.01912 1.3263 408.55 709.98 1118.5 409.79 794.65 12044 0.6059 0.89143 1.4973
400 444.62 0.01934 1.1617 422.70 696.31 11190 424.13 780.87 1205.0 0.62168 0.86350 1.4852
450 456.31 0.01955 1.0324 435.67 683.52 1119.2 437.30 767.86 1205.2 0.6359 0.83828 1.4742
500 467.04 0.01975 0.92819 447.68 671.42 11191 449.51 75548 1205.0 0.64900 0.81521 1.4642
550 476.97 0.01995 0.84228 458.90 659.91 11188 460.93 743.60 1204.5 0.6107 0.79388 1.4550
600 486.24 0.02014 0.77020 469.46 648.88 11183 471.70 732.15 1203.9 0.67231 0.77400 1.4463
TABLA A-5E
Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión)
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
té/lom Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm - R
Temp. Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor — Líq. Vapor — Líq. Vapor
Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
Ppsia Ta Fo Y vo uy Ue Y hr Mg Mg Ss, Sy Sy
700 503.13 0.02051 0.65589 488.96 627.98 1116.9 491.62 710.29 1201.9 0.69279 0.73771 1.4305
800 518.27 0.02087 0.56920 506.74 608.30 1115.0 509.83 689.48 11993 0.71117 0.70502 1.4162
900 532.02 0.02124 0.50107 523.19 589.54 1112.7 526.73 669.46 1196.2 0.72793 0.67505 1.4030
1000 544.65 0.02159 0.44604 538.58 571.49 1110.1 542.57 650.03 1192.6 0.74341 0.64722 1.3906
1200 567.26 0.02232 0,36241 566.89 536.87 1103.8 571.85 612.39 1184,2 0.77143 0.59632 1.3677
1400 587.14 0.02307 0.30161 592.79 503.50 1096.3 598.76 575.66 1174.4 0.79658 0.54991 1.3465
1600 604.93 0.02386 0.25516 616.99 470.69 1087.7 624.06 539.18 1163.2 0.81972 0.50645 1.3262
1800 621.07 0.02470 0.21831 640.03 437.86 1077.9 648.26 502.35 1150.6 0.84144 0.46482 1.3063
2000 635.85 0.02563 0.18815 662.33 404,46 1066.8 671.82 464.60 1136.4 0.86224 0.42409 1.2863
2500 668.17 0.02860 0.13076 717.67 313.53 1031.2 730.90 360.79 1091.7 0.91311 0.31988 1.2330
3000 695.41 0.03433 0.08460 783.39 186.41 969.8 802.45 214.32 1016.8 0.97321 0.18554 1.1587
3200.1 705.10 0.04975 0,04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 o 896.1 1,05257 0 1,0526
968
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-6E
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado
s
s
s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
Ma ft/lbm Btu/lbm_ Btu/lbm__lbm-R | ft/lbm Btu/lbm_Btu/lbm_ Ibm -R | ft/lbm Btu/lbm_ Btu/lbm_lbm - R
P= 1.0 psia (101.69F)* P = 5.0 psia (162.18*F) P= 10 psia (193.16*F)
Sat.t 333.49 1043.7 1105.4 1.9776 73.525 1062.7 1130.7 1.8438 38.425 1072.0 1143.1 1.7875
200 392.53 1077.5 1150.1 2.0509 78.153 1076.2 1148.5 1.8716 38.849 1074.5 1146.4 1.7926
240 416,44 1091.2 1168.3 2.0777 83.009 1090.3 1167.1 1.8989 41.326 1089.1 1165.5 1.8207
280 440,33 1105.0 1186.5 2.1030 87.838 1104,3 1185.6 1.9246 43.774 1103,4 1184,4 1.8469
320 464.20 1118.9 12048 2.1271 92.650 1118.4 1204.1 1.9490 46.205 1117.6 1203.1 1.8716
360 488.07 1132.9 12233 2.1502 97.452 1132.5 1222.66 1.9722 48.624 1131.9 12218 1.8950
400 511.92 1147.1 12418 2.1722 | 102.25 1146.7 12413 1.9944 51.035 1146.2 1240.6 1.9174
440 535.77 11613 1260.4 2.1934 | 107.03 1160.9 1260.0 2.0156 53.441 1160.5 1259,4 1.9388
500 571.54 11828 1288.6 2.2237 114.21 1182.66 1288.2 2.0461 57.041 1182.2 1287.8 1.9693
600 631.14 1219.4 1336.2 2.2709 126.15 12192 1335.9 2.0933 63.029 1219.0 1335.6 2.0167
700 690.73 1256.8 1384.6 2.3146 | 138.09 1256.7 1384.4 2.1371 69.007 1256.5 1384.2 2.0605
800 750.31 1295.1 1433.9 2.3553 | 150.02 12949 1433.7 2.1778 74.980 1294.8 1433.5 2.1013
1000 869.47 1374,2 1535.1 2.4299 | 173.86 1374.2 1535.0 2.2524 86.913 1374,1 1534.9 2.1760
1200 988.62 1457.1 1640.0 2.4972 197.70 14570 1640.0 2.3198 98.840 1457.0 1639.9 2.2433
1400 1107.8 1543.7 1748.7 2.5590 | 221,54 1543.7 1748.7 2.3816 |110.762 15436 1748.6 2.3052
P= 15 psia (212.99*F) P= 20 psia (227.92*F) P= 40 psia (267.22*F)
Sat. 26.297 1077.7 1150.7 1.7549 20.093 1081.8 1156.2 1.7319 10.501 1092.1 1169.8 1.6766
240 27.429 1087.8 1163.99 1.7742 20.478 1086.5 1162.3 1.7406
280 29.085 1102.4 1183.2 1.8010 21.739 1101.4 1181.99 1.7679 10.713 1097.3 1176.6 1.6858
320 30.722 1116.9 1202.2 1.8260 22.980 1116,1 1201.2 1.7933 11.363 11129 1197.1 1.7128
360 32.348 11313 1221.1 1.8496 24.209 1130.7 1220.2 1.8171 11.999 1128.1 1216.9 1.7376
400 33.965 1145.7 12399 1.8721 25.429 1145.1 1239.3 1.8398 12.625 1143.1 1236.5 1.7610
440 35.576 1160.1 12588 1.8936 26.644 1159.7 1258.3 1.8614 13.244 1157.9 1256.0 1.7831
500 37.986 1181.9 1287.3 1.9243 28.458 1181.6 1286.9 1.8922 14.165 1180.2 1285.0 1.8143
600 41.988 1218.7 13353 1.9718 31.467 1218.5 1334.9 1.9398 15.686 1217.5 1333.6 1.8625
700 45.981 1256.3 1383.9 2.0156 34.467 1256.1 1383.7 1.9837 17.197 1255.3 1382.6 1.9067
800 49.967 1294.6 14333 2.0565 37.461 12945 1433.1 2.0247 18.702 1293.9 1432.3 1.9478
1000 57.930 1374.0 15348 2.1312 43.438 13/3.8 1534.6 2.0994 21.700 13734 1534.1 2.0227
1200 65.885 1456.9 16398 2.1986 49.407 14568 1639.7 2.1668 24.691 1456.5 1639.3 2.0902
1400 73.836 1543.6 1748.5 2.2604 55.373 1543.5 1748.4 2.2287 27.678 1543.3 1748.1 2.1522
1600 81.784 16340 1861.0 2.3178 61.335 16339 1860.9 2.2861 30.662 1633.7 1860.7 2.2096
P= 60 psia (292.69*F) P = 80 psia (312.02*F) P= 100 psia (327.81*F)
Sat. 7.1766 1098.1 11778 1.6442 5.4733 1102.3 1183.4 1.6212 4.4327 1105.5 1187.5 1.6032
320 7.4863 1109.6 1192.7 1.6636 5.5440 1105.9 1187.9 1.6271
360 7.9259 1125.5 12135 1.6897 5.8876 1122.7 1209.9 1.6545 4.6628 11198 1206.1 1.6263
400 8.3548 1140.9 1233.7 1.7138 6.2187 1138.7 1230.8 1.6794 4.9359 1136.4 1227.8 1.6521
440 8.7766 1156.1 1253.66 1.7364 6.5420 1154.3 1251.2 1.7026 5.2006 1152.4 1248.7 1.6759
500 9.4005 1178.8 1283.1 1.7682 7.0177 1177.3 1281.2 1.7350 5.5876 1175.9 1279.3 1.7088
600 10.4256 1216.5 13322 1.8168 7.7951 1215.4 1330.8 1.7841 6.2167 1214.4 1329.4 1.7586
700 11.4401 1254.5 1381.6 1.8613 8.5616 1253.8 1380.5 1.8289 6.8344 1253.0 1379.5 1.8037
800 12,4484 1293.3 1431.5 1.9026 9.3218 1292.6 1430.6 1.8704 7.4457 1292.0 14298 1.8453
1000 14.4543 1373.0 1533.5 1.9777 10.8313 1372.6 1532.9 1.9457 8.6575 1372.2 1532.4 1.9208
1200 16.4525 1456.2 1638.9 2.0454 12.3331 1455.9 1638.5 2.0135 9.8615 1455.6 1638.1 1.9887
1400 18.4464 1543.0 1747.8 2.1073 13.8306 1542.8 1747.5 2.0755 11.0612 1542.6 1747.2 2.0508
1600 20.438 1633.5 1860.5 2.1648 15.3257 1633.3 1860.2 2.1330 12.2584 1633.2 1860.0 2.1083
1800 22.428 1727.6 1976.6 2.2187 16.8192 1727.5 1976.5 2.1869 13.4541 1727.3 1976.3 2.1622
2000 24.417 1825.2 2096.3 2.2694 18.3117 1825.0 2096.1 2.2376 14.6487 1824.9 2096.0 2.2130
* La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada.
Y Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada.
971
TABLA A-6E
Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión)
Ss s s
T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/
F fté/lbm__ Btu/lom_ Btu/lbm_!lbm-R fté/lbm Btu/lbm_Btu/lbm_lbm-R fté/lbm_ Btu/lbm_Btu/bm_lbm-R
P= 1500 psia (596.26*F) P= 1750 psia (617.17*F) P = 2000 psia (635.85”F)
Sat. 0.27695 1092.1 1169.0 1.3362 0.22681 1080.5 1153.9 1.3112 0.18815 1066.8 1136.4 1.2863
600 0.28189 1097.2 1175.4 1.3423
650 0.33310 1147.2 1239.7 1.4016 0.26292 1122.8 1207.9 1.3607 0.20586 1091.4 1167.6 1.3146
700 0.37198 1183.6 1286.9 1.4433 0.30252 1166.8 1264.7 1.4108 0.24894 1147.6 12398 1.3783
750 0.40535 1214,4 1326.9 1.4771 0.33455 1201.5 1309.8 1.4489 0.28074 1187,4 12913 1.4218
800 0.43550 1242.2 1363.1 1.5064 0.36266 1231.7 1349.1 1.4807 0.30763 1220.5 1334,3 1.4567
850 0.46356 1268.2 1396.9 1.5328 0.38835 1259.3 1385.1 1.5088 0.33169 1250.0 13728 1.4867
900 0.49015 1293.1 1429.2 1.5569 0.41238 1285.4 14190 1.5341 0.35390 1277.5 1408.5 1.5134
1000 0.54031 1340.9 1490.8 1.6007 0.45719 1334.9 1482.9 1.5796 0.39479 1328.7 1474.9 1.5606
1100 0.58781 1387.3 1550.5 1.6402 0.49917 1382.4 1544.1 1.6201 0.43266 1377.5 1537.6 1.6021
1200 0.63355 1433.3 1609.2 1.6767 0.53932 1429.2 1603.9 1.6572 0.46864 1425.1 1598.5 1.6400
1400 0.72172 1525.7 1726.0 1.7432 0.61621 1522.6 1722.1 1.7245 0.53708 1519.5 1718.3 1.7081
1600 0.80714 16198 1843.8 1.8033 0.69031 1617.4 1840.9 1.7852 0.60269 1615.0 1838.0 1.7693
1800 0.89090 1716.4 1963.7 1.8589 0.76273 1714.5 1961.5 1.8410 0.66660 1712.5 1959.2 1.8255
2000 0.97358 1815.99 2086.1 1.9108 0.83406 1814,2 2084.3 1.8931 0.72942 1812.66 2082.6 1.8778
P = 2500 psia (668.17*F) P = 3000 psia (695.41*F) P = 3500 psia
Sat. 0.13076 1031.2 1091.7 1.2330 0.08460 969.8 1016.8 1.1587
650 0.02492 663.7 679.9 0.8632
700 0.16849 1098.4 1176.3 1.3072 0.09838 1005.3 1059.9 1.1960 0.03065 760.0 779.9 0.9511
750 0.20327 1154.9 12490 1.3686 0.14840 1114,1 11965 1.3118 0.10460 1057.6 1125.4 1.2434
800 0.22949 1195.9 1302.0 1.4116 0.17601 1167.5 1265.3 1.3676 0.13639 1134.3 1222.6 1.3224
850 0.25174 1230.1 1346.6 1.4463 0.19771 1208.2 1317.9 1.4086 0.15847 1183.8 1286.5 1.3721
900 0.27165 1260.7 1386.4 1.4761 0.21640 1242.8 1362.9 1.4423 0.17659 1223.4 1337.8 1.4106
950 0.29001 1289.1 1423.3 1.5028 0.23321 1273.9 1403.3 1.4716 0.19245 1257.8 1382.4 1.4428
1000 0.30726 1316.1 14582 1.5271 0.24876 1302.8 1440.9 1.4978 0.20687 1289.0 1423.0 1.4711
1100 0.33949 1367.3 1524.4 1.5710 0.27732 1356.8 1510.8 1.5441 0.23289 1346.1 1496.9 1.5201
1200 0.36966 1416.6 1587.6 1.6103 0.30367 1408.0 1576.6 1.5850 0.25654 1399,.3 15654 1.5627
1400 0.42631 15133 1710.5 1.6802 0.35249 1507.0 1702.7 1.6567 0.29978 1500.7 1694.8 1.6364
1600 0.48004 1610.1 1832.2 1.7424 0.39830 1605.3 1826.4 1.7199 0.33994 1600.4 1820.5 1.7006
1800 0.53205 1708.6 1954.8 1.7991 0.44237 1704.7 1950.3 1.7773 0.37833 1700.8 19458 1.7586
2000 0.58295 1809.4 20791 1.8518 0.48532 1806.1 2075.6 1.8304 0.41561 1802.9 2072.1 1.8121
P= 4000 psia P = 5000 psia P = 6000 psia
650 0.02448 657.9 676.1 0.8577 0.02379 648.3 670.3 0.8485 0.02325 640.3 666.1 0.8408
700 0.02871 742.3 763.6 0.9347 0.02678 721.8 746.6 0.9156 0.02564 708.1 736.5 0.9028
750 0.06370 962.1 1009.2 1.1410 0.03373 821.8 853.0 1.0054 0.02981 788.7 821.8 0.9747
800 0.10520 1094.2 1172.1 1.2734 0.05937 986.9 1041.8 1.1581 0.03949 897.1 941.0 1.0711
850 0.12848 1156.7 12518 1.3355 0.08551 1092.4 1171.5 1.2593 0.05815 1018.6 1083,1 1.1819
900 0.14647 1202.5 1310.9 1.3799 0.10390 1155.9 1252.1 1.3198 0.07584 1103.5 1187.7 1.2603
950 0.16176 1240.7 1360.5 1.4157 0.11863 1203.9 1313.6 1.3643 0.09010 1163.7 1263.7 1.3153
1000 0.17538 1274.6 14044 1.4463 0.13128 1244.0 1365.5 1.4004 0.10208 1211.4 1324.7 1.3578
1100 0.19957 1335.1 1482.8 1.4983 0.15298 1312.2 1453.8 1.4590 0.12211 1288,4 14240 1.4237
1200 0.22121 1390.3 1554.1 1.5426 0.17185 1372.1 1531.1 1.5070 0.13911 1353,4 1507.8 1.4758
1300 0.24128 1443.0 1621.6 1.5821 0.18902 1427.8 1602.7 1.5490 0.15434 14125 1583.8 1.5203
1400 0.26028 14943 1687.0 1.6182 0.20508 1481.4 1671.1 1.5868 0.16841 1468.4 1655.4 1.5598
1600 0.29620 1595.5 1814.7 1.6835 0.23505 1585.6 1803.1 1.6542 0.19438 1575.7 1791.5 1.6294
1800 0.33033 1696.8 1941.4 1.7422 0.26320 1689.0 1932.5 1.7142 0.21853 1681.1 1923.7 1.6907
2000 0.36335 1799.7 2068.6 1.7961 0.29023 1793.2 2061.7 1.7689 0.24155 1786.7 2054.9 1.7463
972
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-7E
Agua líquida comprimida
Tov u h Ss v u h Ss v uv h s
E fé/lbm Btu/lbm_Btu/lom_ Btu/lbm-R | fté/lbm Btu/lbm_Btu/lbm_ Btu/lbm-R | ft/lbm Btu/lbm_ Btu/lbm_Btu/lbm-R
P= 500 psia (467.04*F) P= 1000 psia (544.65*F) P = 1500 psia (596.26*F)
Sat. 0.019750 447.68 449.51 0.64900 | 0.021595 538.58 542.57 0.74341 |0.023456 605.07 611.58 0.80836
32 0.015994 0.01 1.49 0.00001 | 0.015966 0.03 2.99 0.00005 | 0.015939 0.05 4.48 0.00008
50 0.015998 18.03 19.51 0.03601 | 0.015972 17.99 20.95 0.03593 | 0.015946 17.95 22.38 0.03584
100 0.016107 67.86 69.35 0.12930 | 0.016083 67.69 70.67 0.12899 |0.016059 67.53 71.98 0.12869
150 0.016317 117.70 119.21 0.21462 | 0.016292 117.42 120,43 0.21416 | 0.016267 117,14 121.66 0.21369
200 0.016607 167.70 169.24 0.29349 | 0.016580 167.31 170.38 0.29289 | 0.016553 166.92 171.52 0.29229
250 0.016972 218.04 219.61 0.36708 | 0.016941 217.51 220.65 0.36634 | 0.016911 217.00 221.69 0.36560
300 0.017417 268.92 270.53 0.43641 | 0.017380 268.24 271.46 0.43551 |0.017345 267.57 272.39 0.43463
350 0.017954 320.64 322.30 0.50240 | 0.017910 319.77 323.08 0.50132 |0.017866 318.91 323.87 0.50025
400 0.018609 373.61 375.33 0.56595 | 0.018552 372.48 375.91 0.56463 [| 0.018496 371.37 376.51 0.56333
450 0.019425 428.44 430.24 0.62802 | 0.019347 426.93 430.51 0.62635 | 0.019271 425.47 430.82 0.62472
500 0.020368 484.03 487.80 0.68764 |0.020258 482.01 487.63 0.68550
550 0.021595 542.50 548.50 0.74731
P = 2000 psia (635.85*F) P= 3000 psia (695.41*F) P= 5000 psia
Sat. 0.025634 662.33 671.82 0.86224 | 0.034335 783.39 802.45 0.97321
32 0.015912 0.07 5.96 0.00010 | 0.015859 0.10 8.90 0.00011 | 0.015756 0.13 14.71 0.00002
50 0.015921 17.91 23.80 0.03574 | 0.015870 17.83 26.64 0.03554 |0.015773 17.65 32.25 0.03505
100 0.016035 67.36 73.30 0.12838 | 0.015988 67.04 75.91 0.12776 |0.015897 66.41 81.12 0.12652
200 0.016527 166.54 172.66 0.29170 | 0.016475 165.79 174.94 0.29053 | 0.016375 164.36 179.51 0.28824
300 0.017310 266.92 273.33 0.43376 | 0.017242 265.65 275.22 0.43204 | 0.017112 263.24 279.07 0.42874
400 0.018442 370.30 377.12 0.56205 | 0.018338 368.22 378.41 0.55959 | 0.018145 364.35 381.14 0.55492
450 0.019199 424.06 431.16 0.62314 | 0.019062 421.36 431.94 0.62010 | 0.018812 416.40 433.80 0.61445
500 0.020154 480.08 487.54 0.68346 | 0.019960 476.45 487.53 0.67958 | 0.019620 469.94 488.10 0.67254
560 0.021739 552.21 560.26 0.75692 | 0.021405 546.59 558.47 0.75126 | 0.020862 537.08 556.38 0.74154
600 0.023317 605.77 614.40 0.80898 | 0.022759 597.42 610.06 0.80086 [| 0.021943 584.42 604.72 0.78803
640 0.024765 654.52 668.27 0.85476 | 0.023358 634.95 656.56 0.83603
680 0.028821 728.63 744.64 0.92288 | 0.025366 690.67 714.14 0.88745
700 0.026777 721.78 746.56 0.91564
TABLA A-8E
Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
ft/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm - R
Pres,
sat., Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor — Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor
TeMp., Par sat, sat, sat, Subl., sat, sat., Subl., sat, sat, Subl., — sat,,
To psia Y Y Y Ug uy h Mg Mg S, Sg Sy
32.018 0.08871 0.01747 3299.6 -143,334 1164.2 1020.9 -143,334 1218.3 1075.0 -0.29146 2.4779 2.1864
32 0.08864 0.01747 3302.6 -143.35 11642 1020.9 -143.35 12184 1075.0 -0.29148 2.4779 2.1865
30 0.08086 0.01747 3605.8 —144.35 1164.6 1020.2 -—144.35 1218.5 1074.2 -—0.29353 2.4883 2.1948
25 0.06405 0.01746 4505.8 -146.85 1165.4 1018.6 -—146.85 12188 1072.0 -—0.29865 2.5146 2.2160
20 0.05049 0.01746 5657.6 -149,32 1166,2 1016.9 -149,32 12191 1069.8 -—0.30377 2.5414 2.2376
15 0.03960 0.01745 7138.9 -151.76 1167.0 1015.2 -151.76 12193 1067.6 -—0.30889 2.5687 2.2598
10 0.03089 0.01744 9054.0 -154.18 11678 1013.66 -154.18 12195 1065.4 -—0.31401 2.5965 2.2825
5 0.02397 0.01743 11,543 -156.57 1168.58 10119 -156.57 12197 1063.1 -—0.31913 2.6248 2.3057
0 0.01850 0.01743 14,797 -158.94 11692 1010.3 -158.94 12199 1060.9 -—0.32426 2.6537 2.3295
-5 0.01420 0.01742 19,075 -161.28 11699 1008.6 -161.28 1220.0 1058.7 -—0.32938 2.6832 2.3538
-10 0.01083 0.01741 24,731 -163.60 1170.6 1007.0 -163.60 1220.1 1056.5 -—0.33451 2.7133 2.3788
-15 0.00821 0.01740 32,257 -165.90 1171.2 1005.3 -165.90 1220.2 1054.3 -—0.33964 2.7440 2.4044
-20 0.00619 0.01740 42,335 -168.16 11718 1003.6 -168.16 1220.3 1052.1 -—0.34478 2.7754 2.4306
-25 0.00463 0.01739 55,917 —170.41 11724 1002.0 —170.41 1220.3 1049.9 -—0.34991 2.8074 2.4575
-30 0.00344 0.01738 74,345 -172.63 1173.0 1000.3 -172.63 1220.3 1047.7 -—0.35505 2.8401 2.4850
-35 0.00254 0.01738 99,526 -174.83 1173.5 998.7 -—174.83 1220.3 1045.5 —0.36019 2.8735 2.5133
40 0.00186 0.01737 134,182 -—177.00 1174.0 997.0 177.00 1220.3 1043.3 -—0.36534 2.9076 2.5423
976
TABLA A-11E
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura
Volumen específico, — Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
tt/lom Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm-R
Pres. Líq. Vapor Lía. Vapor — Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor
Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., Sat., sat., Evap., Sat., sat., Evap., Sat,
TF Pos psia v, vg uy Ug Uy hp Big ha Sy Sig Sy
-40 7.432 0.01130 5.7796 -—0.016 89.167 89.15 0.000 97.100 97.10 0.00000 0.23135 0.23135
-35 8.581 0.01136 5.0509 1.484 88.352 89.84 1.502 96.354 97.86 0.00355 0.22687 0.23043
-30 9.869 0.01143 4.4300 2.990 87.532 90.52 3.011 95.601 98.61 0.00708 0.22248 0.22956
-25 11.306 0.01150 3.8988 4.502 86.706 91.21 4.526 94.839 99.36 0.01058 0.21817 0.22875
-20 12,906 0.01156 3.4426 6.019 85.874 91.89 6.047 94.068 100.12 0.01405 0.21394 0.22798
-15 14.680 0.01163 3.0494 7.543 85.036 92.58 7.574 93.288 100.86 0.01749 0.20978 0.22727
-10 16.642 0.01171 2.7091 9.073 84.191 93.26 9.109 92.498 101.61 0.02092 0.20569 0.22660
-5 18.806 0.01178 2.4137 10.609 83.339 93.95 10.650 91.698 102.35 0.02431 0.20166 0.22598
0 21.185 0.01185 2.1564 12.152 82.479 94.63 12.199 90.886 103.08 0.02769 0.19770 0.22539
5 23.793 0.01193 1.9316 13.702 81.610 95.31 13.755 90.062 103.82 0.03104 0.19380 0.22485
10 26.646 0.01201 1.7345 15,259 80.733 95.99 15.318 89.226 104,54 0.03438 0.18996 0.22434
15 29.759 0.01209 1.5612 16.823 79.846 96.67 16.889 88.377 105.27 0.03769 0.18617 0.22386
20 33.147 0.01217 1.4084 18.394 78.950 97.34 18.469 87.514 105.98 0.04098 0.18243 0.22341
25 36.826 0.01225 1.2732 19.973 78.043 98.02 20.056 86.636 106.69 0.04426 0.17874 0.22300
30 40.813 0.01234 1.1534 21,560 77.124 98.68 21.653 85.742 107.40 0.04752 0.17509 0.22260
35 45.124 0.01242 1.0470 23.154 76.195 99.35 23.258 84.833 108.09 0.05076 0.17148 0.22224
40 49.776 0.01251 0.95205 24.757 75.253 100.01 24.873 83.907 108.78 0.05398 0.16791 0.22189
45 54.787 0.01261 0.86727 26.369 74.298 100.67 26.497 82.963 109.46 0.05720 0.16437 0.22157
50 60.175 0.01270 0.79136 27.990 73.329 101.32 28.131 82.000 110.13 0.06039 0.16087 0.22127
55 65.957 0.01280 0.72323 29.619 72.346 101.97 29.775 81.017 110.79 0.06358 0.15740 0.22098
60 72.152 0.01290 0.66195 31.258 71.347 102.61 31.431 80.013 111.44 0.06675 0.15396 0.22070
65 78.780 0.01301 0.60671 32.908 70.333 103.24 33.097 78.988 112.09 0.06991 0.15053 0.22044
70 85.858 0.01312 0.55681 34.567 69.301 103.87 34.776 77.939 112.71 0.07306 0.14713 0.22019
75 93.408 0.01323 0.51165 36.237 68.251 104.49 36.466 76.866 113.33 0.07620 0.14375 0.21995
80 101.45 0.01334 0.47069 37.919 67.181 105.10 38.169 75.767 113.94 0.07934 0.14038 0.21972
85 110.00 0.01347 0.43348 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
90 11908 0.01359 0.39959 41.317 64.979 106.30 41.617 73.485 115.10 0.08559 0.13368 0.21926
95 128.72 0.01372 0.36869 43.036 63.844 106.88 43.363 72.299 115.66 0.08870 0.13033 0.21904
100 138.93 0.01386 0.34045 44.768 62.683 107.45 45.124 71.080 116.20 0.09182 0.12699 0.21881
105 149.73 0.01400 0.31460 46.514 61.496 108.01 46.902 69.825 116.73 0.09493 0.12365 0.21858
110 161.16 0.01415 0.29090 48.276 60.279 108.56 48.698 68.533 117.23 0.09804 0.12029 0.21834
115 173.23 0.01430 0.26913 50.054 59.031 109.08 50.512 67.200 117.71 0.10116 0.11693 0.21809
120 185.96 0.01446 0.24909 51.849 57.749 109.60 52.346 65.823 118.17 0.10428 0.11354 0.21782
130 213.53 0.01482 0.21356 55.495 55.071 110.57 56.080 62.924 119.00 0.11054 0.10670 0.21724
140 244.06 0.01521 0.18315 59.226 52.216 111.44 59.913 59.801 119.71 0.11684 0.09971 0.21655
150 277.79 0.01567 0.15692 63.059 49.144 112.20 63.864 56.405 120.27 0.12321 0.09251 0.21572
160 314.94 0.01619 0.13410 67.014 45.799 112.81 67.958 52.671 120.63 0.12970 0.08499 0.21469
170 355.80 0.01681 0.11405 71.126 42.097 113.22 72.233 48.499 120.73 0.13634 0.07701 0.21335
180 400.66 0.01759 0.09618 75.448 37.899 113.35 76.752 43.726 120.48 0.14323 0.06835 0.21158
190 449.90 0.01860 0.07990 80.082 32.950 113.03 81.631 38.053 119.68 0.15055 0.05857 0.20911
200 504.00 0.02009 0.06441 85.267 26.651 111.92 87.140 30.785 117.93 0.15867 0.04666 0.20533
210 563.76 0.02309 0.04722 91.986 16.498 108.48 94.395 19.015 113.41 0.16922 0.02839 0.19761
Fuente: Las tablas A-11E a A-13E se generaron utilizando el programa pera resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y
F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es el R134a, el cual está basado en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y
H. D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from
170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido
saturado son cero a -40*C (y -40*F).
977
PI
TABLA A-12E
Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión
Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía,
tté/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm. Btu/lbm - R
Temp. — Lía. Vapor Líq. Vapor — Líq. Vapor — Líq Vapor
Pres., — Sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat.,
Ppsia TF y vo u Ug Uy hr Mg Mg Ss Sy Sy
5 -53,09 0.01113 8.3785 -3.918 91.280 87.36 -3.907 99.022 95.11 —0.00945 0.24353 0.23408
10 -29.52 0.01144 4.3753 3.135 87.453 90.59 3.156 95.528 98.68 0.00742 0.22206 0.22948
15 -14,15 0.01165 2.9880 7.803 84.893 92.70 7.835 93.155 100.99 0.01808 0.20908 0.22715
20 -2.43 0.01182 2.2772 11.401 82.898 94.30 11.445 91.282 102.73 0.02605 0.19962 0.22567
25 7.17 0.01196 1.8429 14.377 81.231 95.61 14.432 89.701 104.13 0.03249 0.19213 0.22462
30 15.37 0.01209 1.5492 16.939 79.780 96.72 17.006 88.313 105.32 0.03793 0.18589 0.22383
35 22.57 0.01221 1.3369 19.205 78.485 97.69 19.284 87.064 106.35 0.04267 0.18053 0.22319
40 29.01 0.01232 1.1760 21.246 77.307 98.55 21.337 85.920 107.26 0.04688 0.17580 0.22268
45 34.86 0.01242 1.0497 23.110 76.221 99.33 23.214 84.858 108.07 0.05067 0.17158 0.22225
50 40.23 0.01252 0.94791 24.832 75.209 100.04 24.948 83.863 108.81 0.05413 0.16774 0.22188
55 45.20 0.01261 0.86400 26.435 74.258 100.69 26.564 82.924 109.49 0.05733 0.16423 0.22156
60 49.84 0.01270 0.79361 27.939 73.360 101.30 28.080 82.030 110.11 0.06029 0.16098 0.22127
65 54.20 0.01279 0.73370 29.357 72.505 101.86 29.510 81.176 110.69 0.06307 0.15796 0.22102
70 58.30 0.01287 0.68205 30.700 71.688 102.39 30.867 80.357 111.22 0.06567 0.15512 0.22080
75 62.19 0.01295 0.63706 31.979 70.905 102.88 32.159 79,567 111.73 0.06813 0.15245 0.22059
80 65.89 0.01303 0.59750 33.201 70.151 103.35 33.394 78.804 112.20 0.07047 0.14993 0.22040
85 69.41 0.01310 0.56244 34,371 69.424 103,79 34.577 78,064 112.64 0.07269 0.14753 0.22022
90 72.78 0.01318 0.53113 35.495 68.719 104.21 35.715 77.345 113.06 0.07481 0.14525 0.22006
95 76.02 0.01325 0.50301 36.578 68.035 104.61 36.811 76.645 113.46 0.07684 0.14307 0.21991
100 79.12 0.01332 0.47760 37.623 67.371 104.99 37.869 75.962 113.83 0.07879 0.14097 0.21976
110 85.00 0.01347 0.43347 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949
120 90.49 0.01360 0.39644 41.485 64.869 106.35 41.787 73.371 115.16 0.08589 0.13335 0.21924
130 95.64 0.01374 0.36491 43.258 63.696 106.95 43.589 72.144 115.73 0.08911 0.1299 0.21901
140 100.51 0.01387 0.33771 44.945 62.564 107.51 45.304 70.954 116.26 0.09214 0.12665 0.21879
150 105,12 0.01400 0.31401 46.556 61.467 108.02 46.945 69.795 116.74 0.09501 0.12357 0.21857
160 109.50 0.01413 0.29316 48.101 60.401 108.50 48.519 68.662 117.18 0.09774 0.12062 0.21836
170 113.69 0.01426 0.27466 49.586 59.362 108.95 50.035 67.553 117.59 0.10034 0.11781 0.21815
180 117.69 0.01439 0.25813 51.018 58.345 109,36 51.497 66.464 117.96 0.10284 0.11511 0.21795
190 121.53 0.01452 0.24327 52.402 57.349 109.75 52.912 65.392 118.30 0.10524 0.11250 0.21774
200 125.22 0.01464 0.22983 53.743 56.371 110.11 54.285 64.335 118.62 0.10754 0.10998 0.21753
220 132.21 0.01490 0.20645 56.310 54.458 110.77 56.917 62.256 119.17 0.11192 0.10517 0.21710
240 138.73 0.01516 0.18677 58.746 52.591 111.34 59.419 60.213 119.63 0.11603 0.10061 0.21665
260 144.85 0.01543 0.16996 61.071 50.757 111.83 61.813 58.192 120.00 0.11992 0.09625 0.21617
280 150.62 0.01570 0.15541 63.301 48.945 112.25 64.115 56.184 120.30 0.12362 0.09205 0.21567
300 156.09 0.01598 0.14266 65.452 47.143 112.60 66.339 54.176 120.52 0.12715 0.08797 0.21512
350 168.64 0.01672 0.11664 70.554 42.627 113.18 71.638 49.099 120.74 0.13542 0.07814 0.21356
400 179.86 0.01757 0.09642 75.385 37.963 113.35 76.686 43.798 120.48 0.14314 0.06848 0.21161
450 190.02 0.01860 0.07987 80.092 32.939 113.03 81.641 38,041 119.68 0.15056 0.05854 0.20911
500 199.29 0.01995 0.06551 84.871 27.168 112.04 86.718 31.382 118.10 0.15805 0.04762 0.20566
978
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-13E
Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado
7
“E
s
v u h Btu/
fé/lom Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Ibm -R
v
ft/lbm
uv
Btu/lbm
s
h Btu/
Btu/lbm lbm-R
s
v u h Btu/
ft?/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Ibm-R
Sat.
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Sat.
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
Sat.
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
P= 10 psia (Ty = —29.52F)
P= 15 psia (Tear
= 14,15%)
P= 20 psia (Tay = —2.43:F)
4.3753 90.59 98.68 0.22948
4.4856 92.13 100.43 0.23350
4.7135 95.41 104.14 0.24174
4.9380 98.77 107.91 0.24976
5.1600 102.20 111.75 0.25761
5.3802 105.72 115.67 0.26531
5.5989 109.32 119.68 0.27288
5.8165 113.01 123.78 0.28033
6.0331 116.79 127.96 0.28767
6.2490 120.66 132.22 0.29490
6.4642 124.61 136.57 0.30203
6.6789 128.65 141.01 0.30908
6.8930 132.77 145.53 0.31604
7.1068 136.98 150.13 0.32292
2.9880
3.1001
3.2551
3.4074
3.5577
3.7064
3.8540
4.0006
4.1464
4.2915
4.4361
4.5802
4.7239
92.70
95.08
98.48
101.95
105.50
109.13
112.84
116.63
120.51
124.48
128.53
132.66
136.88
100.99 0.22715
103.68 0.23310
107.52 0.24127
111.41 0.24922
115.38 0.25700
119.42 0.26463
123.54 0.27212
127,74 0.27950
132.02 0.28677
136.39 0.29393
140.84 0.30100
145.37 0.30798
149.99 0.31487
2.2772 94.30 102.73 0.22567
2.2922 94.72 103.20 0.22671
2.4130 98.19 107.12 0.23504
2.5306 101.70 111.07 0.24311
2.6461 105.28 115.07 0.25097
2.7600 108.93 119.15 0.25866
2.8726 112.66 123.29 0.26621
2.9842 116,47 127.52 0.27363
3.0950 120.37 131.82 0.28093
3.2051 124.35 136.21 0.28812
3.3146 128.41 140.67 0.29521
3.4237 132.55 145.22 0.30221
3.5324 136.78 149.85 0.30912
P= 30 psia (Ty = 15.37:F)
P= 40 psia (Tay = 29.01%)
P= 50 psia (Tay = 40.23%)
1.5492 96.72 105.32 0.22383
1.5691 97.56 106.27 0.22581
1.6528 101.17 110.35 0.23414
1.7338 104.82 114,45 0.24219
1.8130 108.53 118.59 0.25002
1.8908 112.30 122.80 0.25767
1.9675 116.15 127.07 0.26517
2.0434 120.08 131.42 0.27254
2.1185 124.08 135.84 0.27979
2.1931 128.16 140.34 0.28693
2.2671 132.32 144.91 0.29398
2.3408 136.57 149.56 0.30092
2.4141 140.89 154,29 0.30778
2.4871 145.30 159.10 0.31456
2.5598 149.78 163.99 0.32126
1.1760
1.2126
1.2768
1.3389
1.3995
1.4588
1.5173
1.5750
1.6321
1.6887
1.7449
1.8007
1.8562
19114
98.55
100.61
104,34
108.11
111.93
115.82
119.78
123.81
127.91
132.10
136.36
140.70
145,12
149.61
107.26 0.22268
109.58 0.22738
113,79 0.23565
118.02 0.24363
122.29 0.25140
126.62 0.25900
131.01 0.26644
135.47 0.27375
140.00 0.28095
144.60 0.28803
149.27 0.29501
154.03 0.30190
158.86 0.30871
163.76 0.31543
0.9479 100.04 108.81 0.22188
1.0019 103.84 113,11 0.23031
1.0540 107.68 117.43 0.23847
1.1043 111.55 121.77 0.24637
1.1534 115.48 126.16 0.25406
1.2015 119,47 130.59 0.26159
1.2488 123.53 135.09 0.26896
1.2955 127.66 139.65 0.27621
1.3416 131.87 144.28 0.28333
1.3873 136.15 148.98 0.29036
1.4326 140.50 153.76 0.29728
1.4776 144.93 158.60 0.30411
1.5223 149.44 163.53 0.31086
P= 60 psia (Ty = 49.84'F)
P=
70 psia (Ty = 58.30F)
P= 80 psia (Ti = 65.89%)
0.7936 101.30 110.11 0.22127
0.8179 103.31 112.39 0.22570
0.8636 107.23 116.82 0.23407
0.9072 111.16 121.24 0.24211
0.9495 115.14 125.68 0.24991
0.9908 119.16 130.16 0.25751
1.0312 123.25 134.70 0.26496
1.0709 127.41 139.30 0.27226
1.1101 131.63 143.96 0.27943
1.1489 135.93 148.69 0.28649
1.1872 140.30 153.48 0.29344
1.2252 144.75 158.35 0.30030
1.2629 149.27 163.29 0.30707
1.3004 153.87 168.31 0.31376
1.3377 158.54 173.39 0.32037
0.6821
0.6857
0.7271
0.7662
0.8037
0.8401
0.8756
0.9105
0.9447
0.9785
1.0118
1.0449
1.0776
1.1101
1.1424
102.39
102.73
106.76
110.76
114.78
118.85
122.97
127.15
131.40
135.71
140.10
144,56
149,10
153.71
158.39
111.22 0.22080
111.62 0.22155
116.18 0.23016
120.68 0.23836
125.19 0.24628
129.73 0.25398
134.31 0.26149
138.94 0.26885
143.63 0.27607
148.39 0.28317
153.21 0.29015
158.10 0.29704
163.06 0.30384
168.09 0.31055
173.19 0.31718
0.59750 103.35 112.20 0.22040
0.62430 106.26 115.51 0.22661
0.66009 110.34 120.11 0.23499
0.69415 114.42 124.69 0.24304
0.72698 118.52 129.29 0.25083
0.75888 122.68 133.91 0.25841
0.79003 126.89 138.58 0.26583
0.82059 131.16 143.31 0.27310
0.85065 135.49 148.09 0.28024
0.88030 139.90 152.93 0.28726
0.90961 144,37 157.84 0.29418
0.93861 148.92 162.82 0.30100
0.96737 153.54 167.86 0.30773
0.99590 158.24 172.98 0.31438
II
TABLA A-16E
Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud
Velocidad Conductividad
Altitud, Temperatura, Presión, Gravedad, del sonido, Densidad, Viscosidad térmica,
ft *F psia 8, fus? fus lbm/ft3 1, lbm/ft - s Btu/h - ft - R
0 59.00 14.7 32.174 1116 0.07647 1.202 x 1075 0.0146
500 57.22 14.4 32.173 1115 0.07536 1.199 x 1079 0.0146
1000 55.43 14.2 32.171 1113 0.07426 1.196 x 1075 0.0146
1500 53.65 13.9 32.169 1111 0.07317 1.193 x 1075 0.0145
2000 51.87 13.7 32.168 1109 0.07210 1.190 x 1075 0.0145
2500 50.09 13.4 32.166 1107 0.07104 1.186 x 1075 0.0144
3000 48.30 13.2 32.165 1105 0.06998 1.183 x 1075 0.0144
3500 46.52 12.9 32.163 1103 0.06985 1.180 x 1075 0.0143
4000 44.74 12.7 32.162 1101 0.06792 1.177 x 1075 0.0143
4500 42.96 12.5 32.160 1099 0.06690 1.173 x 1075 0.0142
5000 41.17 12.2 32.159 1097 0.06590 1.170 x 108 0.0142
5500 39.39 12.0 32.157 1095 0.06491 1.167 x 107 0.0141
6000 37.61 11.8 32.156 1093 0.06393 1.164 x 1075 0.0141
6500 35.83 11.6 32.154 1091 0.06296 1.160 x 1075 0.0141
7000 34.05 11.3 32.152 1089 0.06200 1.157 x 1075 0.0140
7500 32.26 11.1 32.151 1087 0.06105 1.154 x 1075 0.0140
8000 30.48 10.9 32.149 1085 0.06012 1.150 x 1075 0.0139
8500 28.70 10.7 32.148 1083 0.05919 1.147 x 1075 0.0139
9000 26.92 10.5 32.146 1081 0.05828 1,144 x 1075 0.0138
9500 25,14 10.3 32.145 1079 0.05738 1,140 x 1078 0.0138
10,000 23.36 10.1 32.145 1077 0.05648 1.137 x 107 0.0137
11,000 19.79 9.72 32.140 1073 0.05473 1.130 x 107? 0.0136
12,000 16.23 9.34 32.137 1069 0.05302 1.124 x 1075 0.0136
13,000 12.67 8.99 32.134 1065 0.05135 1.117 x 1075 0.0135
14,000 9.12 8.63 32.131 1061 0.04973 1.110 x 1075 0.0134
15,000 5.55 8.29 32.128 1057 0.04814 1.104 x 1075 0.0133
16,000 +1.99 7.97 32.125 1053 0.04659 1.097 x 1075 0.0132
17,000 -1.58 7.65 32.122 1049 0.04508 1.090 x 1075 0.0132
18,000 5,14 7.34 32.119 1045 0.04361 1.083 x 1075 0.0130
19,000 -8.70 7.05 32.115 1041 0.04217 1.076 x 1075 0.0129
20,000 -12.2 6.76 32.112 1037 0.04077 1.070 x 1078 0.0128
22,000 -19.4 6.21 32.106 1029 0.03808 1.056 x 107? 0.0126
24,000 -26.5 5.70 32.100 1020 0.03553 1.042 x 1075 0.0124
26,000 33.6 5.22 32.094 1012 0.03311 1.028 x 1075 0.0122
28,000 40.7 4.78 32.088 1003 0.03082 1.014 x 1075 0.0121
30,000 -47.8 4.37 32.082 995 0.02866 1.000 x 1075 0.0119
32,000 -54.9 3.99 32.08 987 0.02661 0.986 x 1075 0.0117
34,000 -62.0 3.63 32.07 978 0.02468 0.971 x 107 0.0115
36,000 -69.2 3.30 32.06 969 0.02285 0.956 x 1075 0.0113
38,000 -69.7 3.05 32.06 968 0.02079 0.955 x 107 0.0113
40,000 -69.7 2.73 32.05 968 0.01890 0.955 x 1075 0.0113
45,000 -69.7 2.148 32.04 968 0.01487 0.955 x 1075 0.0113
50,000 -69.7 1.691 32.02 968 0.01171 0.955 x 1075 0.0113
55,000 -69.7 1.332 32.00 968 0.00922 0.955 x 107 0.0113
60,000 -69.7 1.048 31.99 968 0.00726 0.955 x 1075 0.0113
Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias
anuales a una latitud de 45” y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se
consideran como P= 14.696 psia, T= 59 *F, p = 0.076474 Ibm/ft, g = 32.1741 1t7/s.
982
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-17E
Propiedades de gas ¡deal del aire
T h u > T h u >
R Btu/lbm__P, Btu/lbm__v, Btu/lbm - R|R Btu/lbm__ P, Btu/lbm__v, Btu/bm-R
360 85.97 0.3363 61.29 396.6 0.50369 [1600 395.74 71.13 286.06 8.263 0.87130
380 90.75 0.4061 64.70 346.6 0.51663 [1650 409.13 80.89 296.03 7.556 0.87954
400 95.53 0.4858 68.11 305.0 0.52890 [1700 422.59 90.95 306.06 6.924 0.88758
420 100.32 0.5760 71.52 270.1 0.54058 |1750 436.12 101.98 316.16 6.357 0.89542
440 105.11 0.6776 74.93 240.6 0.55172 [1800 449.71 114.0 326.32 5.847 0.90308
460 109.90 0.7913 78.36 215.33 0.56235 [1850 463.37 127.2 336.55 5.388 0.91056
480 114.69 0.9182 81.77 193.65 0.57255 [1900 477.09 141.5 346.85 4.974 0.91788
500 119.48 1.0590 85.20 174.9 0.58233 |1950 490.88 157.1 357.20 4.598 0.92504
520 124.27 1.2147 88.62 158.58 0.59173 |2000 504.71 174.0 367.61 4.258 0.93205
537 128.10 1.3593 91.53 146.34 0.59945 |2050 518.71 192.3 378.08 3.949 0.93891
540 129.06 1.3860 92.04 144.32 0.60078 |2100 532.55 212.1 388.60 3.667 0.94564
560 133.86 1.5742 95.47 131.78 0.60950 |2150 546.54 223.5 399.17 3.410 0.95222
580 138.66 1.7800 98.90 120.70 0.61793 |2200 560.59 256.6 409.78 3.176 0.95919
600 143.47 2.005 102.34 110.88 0.62607 |2250 574.69 281.4 420.46 2.961 0.96501
620 148.28 2.249 105.78 102.12 0.63395 |2300 588.82 308.1 431.16 2.765 0.97123
640 153.09 2.514 109.21 9430 0.64159 [2350 603.00 336.8 441.91 2.585 0.97732
660 157.92 2.801 112.67 87.27 0.64902 |2400 617.22 367.6 452.70 2.419 0.98331
680 162.73 3.111 116.12 80.96 0.65621 |2450 631.48 400.5 463.54 2.266 0.98919
700 167.56 3.446 119.58 75.25 0.66321 |2500 645.78 435.7 474.40 2.125 0.99497
720 172.39 3.806 123.04 70.07 0.67002 |2550 660.12 473.3 485.31 1.996 1.00064
740 177.23 4.193 126.51 65.38 0.67665 |2600 674.49 513.5 496.26 1.876 1.00623
760 182.08 4.607 12999 61.10 0.68312 |2650 688.90 556.3 507.25 1.765 1.01172
780 186.94 5.051 133.47 57.20 0.68942 [2700 703.35 601.9 518.26 1.662 1.01712
800 191.81 5526 136.97 53.63 0.69558 |2750 717.83 650.4 529.31 1.566 1.02244
820 196.69 6.033 140.47 50.35 0.70160 [2800 732.33 702.0 540.40 1.478 1.02767
840 201.56 6.573 143.98 47.34 0.70747 |2850 746.88 756.7 551.52 1.395 1.03282
860 206.46 7.149 147.50 44.57 0.71323 [2900 761.45 814.8 562.66 1.318 1.03788
880 211.35 7.761 151.02 42.01 0.71886 [2950 776.05 876.4 573.84 1.247 1.04288
900 216.26 8.411 154.57 39.64 0.72438 |3000 790.68 941.4 585.04 1.180 1.04779
920 221.18 9.102 158.12 37.44 0.72979 |3050 805.34 1011 596.28 1.118 1.05264
940 226.11 9.834 161.68 35.41 0.73509 |3100 820.03 1083 607.53 1.060 1.05741
960 231.06 10.61 165.26 33.52 0.74030 |3150 834.75 1161 618.82 1.006 1.06212
980 236.02 11.43 168.83 31.76 0.74540 [3200 849.48 1242 630.12 0.955 1.06676
1000 240.98 12.30 172.43 30.12 0.75042 |3250 864.24 1328 641.46 0.907 1.07134
1040 250.95 14.18 179.66 27.17 0.76019 |3300 879.02 1418 652.81 0.8621 1.07585
1080 260.97 16.28 186.93 24.58 0.76964 [3350 893.83 1513 664.20 0.8202 1.08031
1120 271.03 18.60 194,25 22.30 0.77880 [3400 908.66 1613 675.60 0.7807 1.08470
1160 281.14 21.18 201.63 20.29 0.78767 [3450 923.52 1719 687.04 0.7436 1.08904
1200 291.30 24.01 209.05 18.51 0.79628 [3500 938.40 1829 698.48 0.7087 1.09332
1240 301.52 27.13 216.53 16.93 0.80466 |3550 953.30 1946 709.95 0.6759 1.09755
1280 311.79 30.55 224.05 15.52 0.81280 [3600 968.21 2068 721.44 0.6449 1.10172
1320 322.11 34.31 231.63 14.25 0.82075 |3650 983.15 2196 732.95 0.6157 1.10584
1360 332.48 38.41 239.25 13.12 0.82848 |3700 998.11 2330 744.48 0.5882 1.10991
1400 342.90 42.88 246.93 12.10 0.83604 [3750 1013.1 2471 756.04 0.5621 1.11393
1440 353.37 47.75 254.66 11.17 0.84341 [3800 1028.1 2618 767.60 0.5376 1.11791
1480 363.89 53.04 262.44 10.34 0.85062 [3850 1043.1 2773 779.19 0.5143 1.12183
1520 374.47 58.78 270.26 9.578 0.85767 |3900 1058.1 2934 790.80 0.4923 1.12571
1560 385.08 65.00 278.13 8.890 0.86456 13950 1073.2 3103 802.43 0.4715 1.12955
983
TABLA A-17E
Propiedades de gas ¡ideal del aire (conclusión)
T h u Ss T h u >
R Btu/lbm__P, Btu/lbm_v, Btu/lbm - R R Btu/lbm__ P, Btu/lbm_v, Btu/lbm - R
4000 1088.3 3280 814.06 0.4518 1.13334 4600 1270.4 6089 955.04 0.2799 1.17575
4050 1103.4 3464 825.72 0.4331 1.13709 4700 1300.9 6701 978.73 0.2598 1.18232
4100 1118.5 3656 837.40 0.4154 1.14079 4800 1331.5 7362 1002.5 0.2415 1.18876
4150 1133.6 3858 849.09 0.3985 1.14446 4900 1362.2 8073 1026.3 0.2248 1.19508
4200 1148.7 4067 860.81 0.3826 1.14809 5000 1392.9 8837 1050.1 0.2096 1.20129
4300 1179.0 4513 884.28 0.3529 1.15522 5100 1423.6 9658 1074.0 0.1956 1.20738
4400 1209.4 4997 907.81 0.3262 1.16221 5200 1454.4 10,539 1098.0 0.1828 1.21336
4500 1239.9 5521 931.39 0.3019 1.16905 5300 1485.3 11,481 1122.0 0.1710 1.21923
Nota: Las propiedades P, (presión relativa) y , (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópi-
cos y no debe confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico.
Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 832-833, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y
J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley 8: Sons, 1948.
986
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-19E
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O,
T h ú T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
300 2,073.5 1,477.8 44.927 1080 7,696.8 5,552.1 54.064
320 2,212.6 1,577.1 45.375 1100 7,850.4 5,665.9 54.204
340 2,351.7 1,676.5 45.797 1120 8,004.5 5,780.3 54.343
360 2,490.8 1,775.9 46.195 1140 8,159.1 5,895.2 54.480
380 2,630.0 1,875.3 46.571 1160 8,314.2 6,010.6 54.614
400 2,769.1 1,974.8 46.927 1180 8,469.8 6,126.5 54.748
420 2,908.3 2,074,3 47.267 1200 8,625.8 6,242,8 54.879
440 3,047.5 2,173.8 47.591 1220 8,782.4 6,359.6 55.008
460 3,186.9 2,273.4 47.900 1240 8,939.4 6,476.9 55.136
480 3,326.5 2,373.3 48.198 1260 9,096.7 6,594.5 55.262
500 3,466.2 2,473.2 48.483 1280 9,254.6 6,712.7 55.386
520 3,606.1 2,573.4 48.757 1300 9,412.9 6,831.3 55.508
537 3,725.1 2,658.7 48.982 1320 9,571.9 6,950.2 55.630
540 3,746.2 2,673.8 49.021 1340 9,730.7 7,069.6 55.750
560 3,886.6 2,774.5 49.276 1360 9,890.2 7,189.4 55.867
580 4,027.3 2,875.5 49.522 1380 10,050.1 7,309.6 55.984
600 4,168.3 2,976.8 49.762 1400 10,210.4 7,430.1 56.099
620 4,309.7 3,078.4 49.993 1420 10,371.0 7,551.1 56.213
640 4,451.4 3,180.4 50.218 1440 10,532.0 7,672.4 56.326
660 4,593.5 3,282.9 50.437 1460 10,693.3 7,793.9 56.437
680 4,736.2 3,385.8 50.650 1480 10,855.1 7,916.0 56.547
700 4,879.3 3,489.2 50.858 1500 11,017.1 8,038.3 56.656
720 5,022.9 3,593.1 51.059 1520 11,179.6 8,161.1 56.763
740 5,167.0 3,697.4 51.257 1540 11,342.4 8,284.2 56.869
760 5,311.4 3,802.4 51.450 1560 11,505.4 8,407.4 56.975
780 5,456.4 3,907.5 51.638 1580 11,668.8 8,531.1 57.079
800 5,602.0 4,013.3 51.821 1600 11,832.5 8,655.1 57.182
820 5,748.1 4,119.7 52.002 1620 11,996.6 8,779.5 57.284
840 5,894.8 4,226.6 52.179 1640 12,160.9 8,904.1 57.385
860 6,041.9 4,334.1 52.352 1660 12,325.5 9,029.0 57.484
880 6,189.6 4,442.0 52.522 1680 12,490.4 9,154.1 57.582
900 6,337.9 4,550.6 52.688 1700 12,655.6 9,279.6 57.680
920 6,486.7 4,659.7 52.852 1720 12,821.1 9,405.4 57.177
940 6,636.1 4,769.4 53.012 1740 12,986.9 9,531.5 57.873
960 6,786.0 4,879.5 53.170 1760 13,153.0 9,657.9 57.968
980 6,936.4 4,990.3 53.326 1780 13,319.2 9,784.4 58.062
1000 7,087.5 5,101.6 53.477 1800 13,485.8 9,911.2 58.155
1020 7,238.9 5,213.3 53.628 1820 13,652.5 10,038.2 58.247
1040 7,391.0 5,325.7 53.775 1840 13,819.6 10,165.6 58.339
1060 7,543.6 5,438.6 53.921 1860 13,986.8 10,293.1 58.428
II EP
TABLA A-19E
Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O, (conclusión)
T h ú so T h u se
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
1900 14,322 10,549 58.607 3500 28,273 21,323 63.914
1940 14,658 10,806 58.782 3540 28,633 21,603 64.016
1980 14,995 11,063 58.954 3580 28,994 21,884 64,114
2020 15,333 11,321 59.123 3620 29,354 22,165 64.217
2060 15,672 11,581 59.289 3660 29,716 22,447 64.316
2100 16,011 11,841 59.451 3700 30,078 22,730 64.415
2140 16,351 12,101 59.612 3740 30,440 23,013 64.512
2180 16,692 12,363 59.770 3780 30,803 23,296 64.609
2220 17,036 12,625 59.926 3820 31,166 23,580 64.704
2260 17,376 12,888 60.077 3860 31,529 23,864 64.800
2300 17,719 13,151 60.228 3900 31,894 24,149 64.893
2340 18,062 13,416 60.376 3940 32,258 24,434 64.986
2380 18,407 13,680 60.522 3980 32,623 24,720 65.078
2420 18,572 13,946 60.666 4020 32,989 25,006 65.169
2460 19,097 14,212 60.808 4060 33,355 25,292 65.260
2500 19,443 14,479 60.946 4100 33,722 25,580 65.350
2540 19,790 14,746 61.084 4140 34,089 25,867 64,439
2580 20,138 15,014 61.220 4180 34,456 26,155 65.527
2620 20,485 15,282 61.354 4220 34,824 26,144 65.615
2660 20,834 15,551 61.486 4260 35,192 26,733 65.702
2700 21,183 15,821 61.616 4300 35,561 27,022 65.788
2740 21,533 16,091 61.744 4340 35,930 27,312 65.873
2780 21,883 16,362 61.871 4380 36,300 27,602 65.958
2820 22,232 16,633 61.996 4420 36,670 27,823 66.042
2860 22,584 16,905 62.120 4460 37,041 28,184 66.125
2900 22,936 17,177 62.242 4500 37,412 28,475 66.208
2940 23,288 17,450 62.363 4540 37,783 28,768 66.290
2980 23,641 17,723 62.483 4580 38,155 29,060 66.372
3020 23,994 17,997 62.599 4620 38,528 29,353 66.453
3060 24,348 18,271 62.716 4660 38,900 29,646 66.533
3100 24,703 18,546 62.831 4700 39,274 29,940 66.613
3140 25,057 18,822 62.945 4740 39,647 30,234 66.691
3180 25,413 19,098 63.057 4780 40,021 30,529 66.770
3220 25,769 19,374 63.169 4820 40,396 30,824 66.848
3260 26,175 19,651 63.279 4860 40,771 31,120 66.925
3300 26,412 19,928 63.386 4900 41,146 31,415 67.003
3340 26,839 20,206 63.494 5000 42,086 32,157 67.193
3380 27,197 20,485 63.601 5100 43,021 32,901 67.380
3420 27,555 20,763 63.706 5200 43,974 33,648 67.562
3460 27,914 21,043 63.811 5300 44,922 34,397 67.743
988
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-20E
Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO,
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
300 2,108.2 1,512.4 46.353 1080 9,575.8 7,431.1 58.072
320 2,256.6 1,621.1 46.832 1100 9,802.6 7,618.1 58.281
340 2,407.3 1,732.1 47.289 1120 10,030.6 7,806.4 58.485
360 2,560.5 1,845.6 47.728 1140 10,260.1 7,996.2 58.689
380 2,716.4 1,961.8 48.148 1160 10,490.6 8,187.0 58.889
400 2,874.7 2,080.4 48.555 1180 10,722.3 8,379.0 59.088
420 3,035.7 2,201.7 48.947 1200 10,955.3 8,572.3 59.283
440 3,199.4 2,325.6 49.329 1220 11,189.4 8,766.6 59.477
460 3,365.7 2,452.2 49.698 1240 11,424.6 8,962.1 59.668
480 3,534.7 2,581.5 50.058 1260 11,661.0 9,158.8 59.858
500 3,706.2 2,713.3 50.408 1280 11,898.4 9,356.5 60.044
520 3,880.3 2,847.7 50.750 1300 12,136.9 9,555.3 60.229
537 4,027.5 2,963.8 51.032 1320 12,376.4 9,755.0 60.412
540 4,056.8 2,984.4 51.082 1340 12,617.0 9,955.9 60.593
560 4,235.8 3,123.7 51.408 1360 12,858.5 10,157.7 60.772
580 4,417.2 3,265.4 51.726 1380 13,101.0 10,360.5 60.949
600 4,600.9 3,409.4 52.038 1400 13,344.7 10,564.5 61.124
620 4,786.6 3,555.6 52.343 1420 13,589.1 10,769.2 61.298
640 4,974.9 3,704.0 52.641 1440 13,834.5 10,974.8 61.469
660 5,165.2 3,854.6 52.934 1460 14,080.8 11,181.4 61.639
680 5,357.6 4,007.2 53.225 1480 14,328.0 11,388.9 61.800
700 5,552.0 4,161.9 53.503 1500 14,576.0 11,597.2 61.974
720 5,748.4 4,318.6 53.780 1520 14,824.9 11,806.4 62.138
740 5,946.8 4,477.3 54.051 1540 15,074.7 12,016.5 62.302
760 6,147.0 4,637.9 54.319 1560 15,325.3 12,227.3 62.464
780 6,349.1 4,800.1 54.582 1580 15,576.7 12,439.0 62.624
800 6,552.9 4,964.2 54.839 1600 15,829.0 12,651.6 62.783
820 6,758.3 5,129.9 55.093 1620 16,081.9 12,864.8 62.939
840 6,965.7 5,297.6 55.343 1640 16,335.7 13,078.9 63.095
860 7,174.7 5,466.9 55.589 1660 16,590.2 13,293.7 63.250
880 7,385.3 5,637.7 55.831 1680 16,845.5 13,509.2 63.403
900 7,597.6 5,810.3 56.070 1700 17,101.4 13,725.4 63.555
920 7,811.4 5,984.4 56.305 1720 17,358.1 13,942.4 63.704
940 8,026.8 6,160.1 56.536 1740 17,615.5 14,160.1 63.853
960 8,243.8 6,337.4 56.765 1760 17,873.5 14,378.4 64.001
980 8,462.2 6,516.1 56.990 1780 18,132.2 14,597.4 64.147
1000 8,682.1 6,696.2 57.212 1800 18,391.5 14,816.9 64.292
1020 8,903.4 6,877.8 57.432 1820 18,651.5 15,037.2 64.435
1040 9,126.2 7,060.9 57.647 1840 18,912.2 15,258.2 64.578
1060 9,350.3 7,245.3 57.861 1860 19,173.4 15,479.7 64.719
IP
TABLA A-21E
Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión)
T h u so T h U so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
1900 13,850 10,077 56.509 3500 27,262 20,311 61.612
1940 14,170 10,318 56.677 3540 27,608 20,576 61.710
1980 14,492 10,560 56.841 3580 27,954 20,844 61.807
2020 14,815 10,803 57.007 3620 28,300 21,111 61.903
2060 15,139 11,048 57.161 3660 28,647 21,378 61.998
2100 15,463 11,293 57.317 3700 28,994 21,646 62.093
2140 15,789 11,539 57.470 3740 29,341 21,914 62.186
2180 16,116 11,787 57.621 3780 29,688 22,182 62.279
2220 16,443 12,035 57.770 3820 30,036 22,450 62.370
2260 16,722 12,284 57.917 3860 30,384 22,719 62.461
2300 17,101 12,534 58.062 3900 30,733 22,988 62.511
2340 17,431 12,784 58.204 3940 31,082 23,257 62.640
2380 17,762 13,035 58.344 3980 31,431 23,527 62.728
2420 18,093 13,287 58.482 4020 31,780 23,797 62.816
2460 18,426 13,541 58.619 4060 32,129 24,067 62.902
2500 18,759 13,794 58.754 4100 32,479 24,337 62.988
2540 19,093 14,048 58.885 4140 32,829 24,608 63.072
2580 19,427 14,303 59.016 4180 33,179 24,878 63.156
2620 19,762 14,559 59.145 4220 33,530 25,149 63.240
2660 20,098 14,815 59.272 4260 33,880 25,421 63.323
2700 20,434 15,072 59.398 4300 34,231 25,692 63.405
2740 20,771 15,330 59.521 4340 34,582 25,934 63.486
2780 21,108 15,588 59.644 4380 34,934 26,235 63.567
2820 21,446 15,846 59.765 4420 35,285 26,508 63.647
2860 21,785 16,105 59.884 4460 35,637 26,780 63.726
2900 22,124 16,365 60.002 4500 35,989 27,052 63.805
2940 22,463 16,225 60.118 4540 36,341 27,325 63.883
2980 22,803 16,885 60.232 4580 36,693 27,598 63.960
3020 23,144 17,146 60.346 4620 37,046 27,871 64.036
3060 23,485 17,408 60.458 4660 37,398 28,144 64.113
3100 23,826 17,670 60.569 4700 37,751 28,417 64.188
3140 24,168 17,932 60.679 4740 38,104 28,691 64,263
3180 24,510 18,195 60.787 4780 38,457 28,965 64.337
3220 24,853 18,458 60.894 4820 38,811 29,239 64.411
3260 25,196 18,722 61.000 4860 39,164 29,513 64.484
3300 25,539 18,986 61.105 4900 39,518 29,787 64.556
3340 25,883 19,250 61.209 5000 40,403 30,473 64.735
3380 26,227 19,515 61.311 5100 41,289 31,161 64.910
3420 26,572 19,780 61.412 5200 42,176 31,849 65.082
3460 26,917 20,045 61.513 5300 43,063 32,538 65.252
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
992
TABLA A-22E
Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H,
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
300 2,063.5 1,467.7 27.337 1400 9,673.8 6,893.6 37.883
320 2,189.4 1,553.9 27.742 1500 10,381.5 7,402.7 38.372
340 2,317.2 1,642.0 28.130 1600 11,092.5 7,915.1 38.830
360 2,446.8 1,731.9 28.501 1700 11,807.4 8,431.4 39.264
380 2,577.8 1,823.2 28.856 1800 12,526.8 8,952.2 39.675
400 2,710.2 1,915.8 29.195 1900 13,250.9 9,477.8 40.067
420 2,843.7 2,009.6 29.520 2000 13,980.1 10,008.4 40.441
440 2,978.1 2,104.3 29.833 2100 14,714.5 10,544.2 40.799
460 3,113.5 2,200.0 30.133 2200 15,454.4 11,085.5 41.143
480 3,249.4 2,296.2 20.424 2300 16,199.8 11,632.3 41.475
500 3,386.1 2,393.2 30.703 2400 16,950.6 12,184.5 41.794
520 3,523.2 2,490.6 30.972 2500 17,707.3 12,742.6 42.104
537 3,640.3 2,573.9 31.194 2600 18,469.7 13,306.4 42.403
540 3,660.9 2,588.5 31.232 2700 19,237.8 13,876.0 42.692
560 3,/98.8 2,686.7 31.482 2800 20,011.8 14,451.4 42.973
580 3,937.1 2,785.3 31.724 2900 20,791.5 15,032.5 43,247
600 4,075.6 2,884.1 31.959 3000 21,576.9 15,619.3 43.514
620 4,214.3 2,983.1 32.187 3100 22,367.7 16,211.5 43.773
640 4,353.1 3,082.1 32.407 3200 23,164.1 16,809.3 44.026
660 4,492.1 3,181.4 32.621 3300 23,965.5 17,412.1 44.273
680 4,631.1 3,280.7 32.829 3400 24,771.9 18,019.9 44.513
700 4,770.2 3,380.1 33.031 3500 25,582.9 18,632.4 44.748
720 4,909.5 3,479.6 33.226 3600 26,398.5 19,249.4 44.978
740 5,048.8 3,579.2 33.417 3700 27,218.5 19,870.8 45.203
760 5,188.1 3,678.8 33.603 3800 28,042.8 20,496.5 45.423
780 5,327.6 3,778.6 33.784 3900 28,871.1 21,126.2 45.638
800 5,467.1 3,878.4 33.961 4000 29,703.5 21,760.0 45.849
820 5,606.7 3,978.3 34.134 4100 30,539.8 22,397.7 46.056
840 5,746.3 4,078.2 34.302 4200 31,379.8 23,039.2 46.257
860 5,885.9 4,178.0 34.466 4300 32,223.5 23,684.3 46.456
880 6,025.6 4,278.0 34.627 4400 33,070.9 24,333.1 46.651
900 6,165.3 4,378.0 34.784 4500 33,921.6 24,985.2 46.842
920 6,305.1 4,478.1 34.938 4600 34,775.7 25,640.7 47.030
940 6,444.9 4,578.1 35.087 4700 35,633.0 26,299.4 47.215
960 6,584.7 4,678.3 35.235 4800 36,493.4 26,961.2 47.396
980 6,724.6 4,778.4 35.379 4900 35,356.9 27,626.1 47.574
1000 6,864.5 4,878.6 35.520 5000 38,223.3 28,294.0 47.749
1100 7,564.6 5,380.1 36.188 5100 39,092.8 28,964.9 47.921
1200 8,265.8 5,882.8 36.798 5200 39,965.1 29,638.6 48.090
1300 8,968.7 6,387.1 37.360 5300 40,840.2 30,315.1 48.257
993
A
TABLA A-23E
Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, HO
T h u so T h u so
R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol - R
300 2,367.6 1,771.8 40.439 1080 8,768.2 6,623.5 50,854
320 2,526.8 1,891.3 40.952 1100 8,942.0 6,757.5 51.013
340 2,686.0 2,010.8 41.435 1120 9,116.4 6,892.2 51.171
360 2,845.1 2,130.2 41.889 1140 9,291.4 7,027.5 51.325
380 3,004.4 2,249.8 42.320 1160 9,467.1 7,163.5 51.478
400 3,163.8 2,369.4 42.728 1180 9,643.4 7,300.1 51.360
420 3,323.2 2,489.1 43,117 1200 9,820.4 7,437.4 51.777
440 3,482.7 2,608.9 43.487 1220 9,998.0 7,575.2 51.925
460 3,642.3 2,728.8 43.841 1240 10,176.1 7,713.6 52.070
480 3,802.0 2,848.8 44.182 1260 10,354.9 7,852.17 52.212
500 3,962.0 2,969.1 44,508 1280 10,534.4 7,992.5 52.354
520 4,122.0 3,089.4 44.821 1300 10,714.5 8,132.9 52,494
537 4,258.0 3,191.9 45.079 1320 10,895.3 8,274.0 52.631
540 4,282.4 3,210.0 45.124 1340 11,076.6 8,415.5 52.768
560 4,442.8 3,330.7 45.415 1360 11,258.7 8,557.9 52.903
580 4,603.7 3,451.9 45.696 1380 11,441,4 8,700.9 53.037
600 4,764.7 3,573.2 45.970 1400 11,624.8 8,844.6 53.168
620 4,926.1 3,694.9 46.235 1420 11,808.8 8,988.9 53.299
640 5,087.8 3,816.8 46.492 1440 11,993.4 9,133.8 53.428
660 5,250.0 3,939.3 46.741 1460 12,178.8 9,279.4 53.556
680 5,412.5 4,062.1 46.984 1480 12,364.8 9,425.7 53.682
700 5,575.4 4,185.3 47.219 1500 12,551.4 9,572.17 53.808
720 5,738.8 4,309.0 47.450 1520 12,738.8 9,720.3 53.932
740 5,902.6 4,433.1 47.673 1540 12,926.8 9,868.6 54.055
760 6,066.9 4,557.6 47.893 1560 13,115.6 10,017.6 54.117
780 6,231.7 4,682.7 48.106 1580 13,305.0 10,167.3 54.298
800 6,396.9 4,808.2 48.316 1600 13,494.4 10,317.6 54.418
820 6,562.6 4,934.2 48.520 1620 13,685.7 10,468.6 54.535
840 6,728.9 5,060.8 48.721 1640 13,877.0 10,620.2 54.653
860 6,895.6 5,187.8 48.916 1660 14,069.2 10,772.7 54.770
880 7,062.9 5,315.3 49.109 1680 14,261.9 10,925.6 54.886
900 7,230.9 5,443.6 49.298 1700 14,455.4 11,079.4 54,999
920 7,399.4 5,572.4 49.483 1720 14,649.5 11,233.8 55.113
940 7,568.4 5,701.7 49.665 1740 14,844.3 11,388.9 55.226
960 7,738.0 5,831.6 49.843 1760 15,039.8 11,544.7 55.339
980 7,908.2 5,962.0 50.019 1780 15,236.1 11,701.2 55.449
1000 8,078.2 6,093.0 50.191 1800 15,433.0 11,858.4 55.559
1020 8,250.4 6,224.8 50.360 1820 15,630.6 12,016.3 55.668
1040 8,422.4 6,357.1 50.528 1840 15,828.7 12,174.7 55.777
1060 8,595.0 6,490.0 50.693 1860 16,027.6 12,333.9 55.884
996
TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS)
TABLA A-27E
Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes
Calor espe- Poder Poder
Masa Entalpía de cífico,! Cy calorífico calorífico
molar, Densidad, vaporización,? Btu/ superior, inferior, 3
Combustible (fase) Fórmula Ibrm/lbmol lbm/fté Btu/lbm. Ibm *F Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
Acetileno (8) CoHa 26.038 = = 0.404 21,490 20,760
Benceno (£) CóHó 78.114 54.7 186 0.411 17,970 17,240
Butano (€) CaHjo 58.123 36.1 156 0.578 21,130 19,510
Carbono (s) 12.011 125 = 0.169 14,100 14,100
Decano (€) CioHz2 142.285 45.6 155 0.528 20,490 19,020
Diesel ligero (£) CrH1.8n 170 49-52 116 0.53 19,800 18,600
Diesel pesado (£) CoHr.7n 200 51-55 99 0.45 19,600 18,400
Etano (8) CoHó 30.070 = 74 0.418 22,320 20,430
Etanol (€) CoH¿O 46.069 49.3 395 0.583 12,760 11,530
Gas natural (8) CrHa.0No.in 18 - - 0.48 21,500 19,400
Gasolina (£) C/H1.87n 100-110 45-49 151 0.57 20,300 18,900
Heptano (£) C7H6 100.204 42.7 157 0.535 20,680 19,180
Hexano (€) CóH2 84.161 42.0 169 0.439 20,430 19,090
Hexeno (€) CóHja 86.177 41.2 157 0.542 20,770 19,240
Hidrógeno (8) Ha 2.016 = 3,44 60,970 51,600
Isopentano (€) CsH;2 72.150 39.1 = 0.554 20,890 19,310
Metano (8) CHa 16.043 = 219 0.525 23,880 21,520
Metanol (£) CHO 32.042 49.3 502 0.604 9,740 8,570
Monóxido de carbono (8) CO 28.013 = = 0.251 4,340 4,340
Octano (€) CáaHyg 114.231 43.9 156 0.533 20,590 19,100
1-Penteno (£) CsHyo 70.134 40.0 156 0.525 20,540 19,190
Propano (£) C3Hg 44.097 31.2 144 0.662 21,640 19,930
Tolueno (£) C7Ha 92.141 54.1 177 0.408 18,230 17,420
JA 1 atm y 68%.
2A 77 para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos.
3A 77. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en Btu/lbmol.
997
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Combustible, 79, 534-541, 772-776, 790-793,
802, 949, 996
aire-combustible (AC), relación de,
775-776, 802
alternativos, 772-773
automóviles, consumo de, 534-541
combustión y, 772-776, 783-784,
790-793, 802
eficiencia anual de utilización de
(EAUC), 79
flama adiabática, temperatura de, 771,
790-793, 803
hidrocarburos, 772, 949, 996
ignición, temperatura de, 774
poder calorífico de, 79, 784, 802
tablas de propiedades, 949, 996
Combustión, procesos de, 79, 771-785
aire porcentual para, 777, 802
analizador de gas Orsat, 777
cantidad de aire para, 776-780, 802
combustibles para, 772-776, 784-785, 802
eficiencia, 79
entalpía (%) de, 782-785, 802
entalpía de combustión (/.), 783, 802
entalpía de formación (1), 783, 802
entalpía de reacción (Ay), 783, 802
estequiométrico, 776-779, 802
exceso de aire, 777, 802
externa, 491
incompleta, 776
interna, máquinas de, 491
poder calorífico (HV), 784-785, 802
relación de equivalencia, 777
temperatura de ignición, 774
temperatura de la flama adiabática,
790-793, 803
teórica, 776-779, 802
Compresibilidad, factor de, 111, 139-144, 153
carta de compresibilidad generalizada,
141-144
gas ideal, desviación del comportamiento
del, 139-143
presión reducida (Py), 141-142
principios de estados correspondientes, 141
temperatura reducida (7), 141-142
volumen específico seudorreducido, 143
Compresibilidad isotérmica (0), 681, 691
Compresión de vapor, ciclo ideal de
refrigeración por, 618-622, 649
Compresión en etapas múltiples, 367-368,
521-522, 636-637
Compresión, procesos de, 300-301, 618-624,
639-640
adiabáticos reversibles, 300
Carmot, ciclo de, 299-300
compresión de vapor, ciclo de,
618-622, 641-642
isotérmicos reversibles, 300
refrigeración de propósito múltiple,
sistemas de, 638-639
Compresión, relación de (7), 497, 500
Compresores, 236-237, 363-370, 373-374,
390-400, 618-619, 625
eficiencias isentrópicas, 373-374, 401
energía, análisis de, 236-237
enfriamiento, 366-367
entropía (S) y, 362-370, 373-374, 390-400
etapas múltiples en, 367-369
interenfriamiento, 367-370
refrigcración por compresión de vapor,
ciclo, 618-619, 625
trabajo reversible (W), 362-366, 368
Condensadores, 568-569, 618-619, 625
incrementar presión, 568-569
refrigeración por compresión de vapor,
ciclo, 618-619, 625
Conducción, 62, 92-93
conductividad térmica, 92
ley de Fourier, 92
transferencia de calor, 62, 92-93
Conductividad térmica, 92
Conferencia General de Pesos y Medidas
(CGPM), 5, 20
Congelación, diagramas y, 121-122
Conservación de la energía, 2, 52, 197-199.
Véase también Balance de energía;
Primera ley de la termodinámica
dietas y, 197-199
principio de, 2, 52
Conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254,
Véase también Balance de masa
Mujo estacionario, procesos de, 223-224
Mujo incompresible, 221-224
Mujo másico, 220-223, 254
Mujo volumétrico, 221, 254
principios, 222-223
velocidad promedio (Von), 221
volumen de control y, 220-222, 254
Constante
de gas (R), 183, 700, 908, 958
de Henry (11), 833-834, 838
de Stefan-Bolizmann, 94
dimensional, 6
universal de los gases (R,), 183
Continuo, 12
Contrapresión, 860-869, 897
Convección, 62, 92-93
forzada, 93
ley de enfriamiento de Newton, 93
natural (libre), 93
transferencia de calor por, 62, 93-94
Convención de signo formal, interacciones de
calor y trabajo, 63
Conversión de energía, 78-86. Véase también
Trabajo de flujo; Eficiencia anual de
utilización de combustible (EAUC)
ambiente, efectos en el, 81, 86-91, 97
desempeño salida/entrada, 78-79
eficiencia y, 78-86, 97
Corriente eléctrica, unidad de, 5
Cuasiequilibrio (cuasiestático), proceso,
15-16, 39, 166-168
Curva de saturación de líquido=vapor, 116
Dalton, ley de presiones aditivas, 702-703, 726
Densidad (p), 13-14, 39
gravedad especifica, 13
peso específico, 14
volumen específico, 13, 39
Densidad relativa, véase Gravedad
especifica (GE)
Derivadas de una función, 668-669
Derivadas parciales, 667-672, 690
ecuaciones de Gibbs, 672, 690
relaciones de Maxwell, 672-674, 690
Desalinización, procesos de, 722-725
Desempeño entrada/salida, 78-79.
Véase también Eficiencia
Deshumidificación de acondicionamiento
de aire, proceso de, 749, 752-754.
Desplazamiento de volumen, 487
1001
MANE
Diagrama /r=s (Mollier), 345, 870-871,
894, 925, 975
Diagramas de fases, 124
Diagramas P-h, 931, 980
Diagramas, propiedades de, 118-126, 344-346,
493-494, 512-513, 560-561, 870-872,
924-925, 974-975, 980
línea de Fanno, 870-872
línea de Rayleigh, 870- 872
línea de Wilson, 894
Mollier (Ars), 127, 345, 925, 975
P-h, 931, 980
P-T, 123-124
Poy, 120-121, 504
P-v-T superficie, 125-126
T=s, 344, 367, 493-494, 560-561. 886-887,
924, 974
Ta, 118-120
Diesel, ciclo, 504-507, 542
Diferencial total (d), 669-670
Diferenciales (6), exactas e inexactas, 63
Diferenciales parciales, 669-670
Difusores, 233-234
Digitos significativos, 38
Dimensiones, 3-10
conversión de unidades, 9-10
derivadas (secundarias), 3
fundamentales (primarias), 3, 5
unidades y, 3-10
Disminución de exergía, principios de,
447-449, 474
Disponibilidad, véase Exergía
Dispositivo isentálpico, 239
Dispositivos de medición, 17-18, 26-33,
738-139, 777
Ebullición, definición, 151
Ecuación de estado, 111, 137-139,
144-148, 153
Beattie-Bridgeman, 145, 147-148, 153
Benedict-WWebb-Rubin, 145, 147-148, 153
gas ideal, 111, 137-139, 702
porcentaje de error relacionado con, 140
Van der Waals, 144-145, 147-148, 153
virial, 145
Ecuación de Gibbs (7 ds), 350-351, 672
Ecuación de la energía, 231-232, 247,
251-254, 885
conservación de la energía, 251-254
flujo de Rayleigh, 885
Mujo estacionario, proceso de, 231-232, 254
flujo no estacionario, procesos de,
246-248, 254
transferencia de calor, 232-234, 247,
253-254
transferencia de trabajo, 231, 247, 253-254
volumen de control, 231-232, 246-247,
252-254
Ecuación de la masa para flujo de
Raylcigh, 885
Ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES), resolver, 36-37
Efectividad (e), 519-520, 542
Efecto
invernadero, 89-91
Peltier, 648
Seebeck, 647-648
Eficiencia (1), 78-86, 97, 283-292, 295,
301-303, 315, 436-439, 462-463, 472,
492, 494-496, 526, 535-541
adiabática, 370-371
1002
ambiente, 81
aparato para cocinar, 80-82
bomba, 83-84
bombas de calor, 289-292, 315
calentador de agua, 79
Carnot, 305-308
ciclos de potencia, 491, 494-496, 534-541
coeficiente de desempeño (COP),
288-292, 308-309, 315
combustión, 79
consumo de combustible de
automóviles, 535-541
conversión de energía y, 78-86, 97
desempeño salida/entrada, 78-79
dispositivos de flujo estacionario (y),
365-366, 462-463
eléctrica, 82-86
energía de desecho, 284-285
exergía y, 436-439, 461-462
generador, 80, 84
global (combinada), 80, 84
iluminación, eficacia de, 80
índice estacional de eficiencia energética
(SEER), 290-291
índice de eficiencia de la energía (EER),
290-292
máquina térmica, 282-286, 305-308
mecánica, 82-86, 97
motor, 84
poder calorífico de combustible, 79
proceso reversible, 296, 300-301, 365
propulsión, 526, 542
refrigeradores, 287-289
segunda ley (1)y), 436-439, 462-463,
472-473
segunda ley de la termodinámica,
281-287, 297, 305-308, 315
térmica (,,). 283-285, 305-308, 315,
492, 494-495, 541
trabajo de flecha, 82-84
trabajo neto (W,,), 283-286
transferencia neta de calor, 283-286
turbina, 83-85
Eficiencia anual de utilización de combustible
(EAUC), 79-80
Eficiencia de la segunda ley (ny) y, 395,
436-438, 462-473, 471-472
ciclo de refrigeración de compresión
por vapor, 618-620
exergía (x) y, 439-440, 460-461, 470-471
mezcla de gases, 715-716
proceso de flujo estacionario, 458-459
volumen de control (VC), 460-461
Eficiencia térmica (7), 283-284, 305-306,
315, 492, 494-496, 510-513, 521-523,
568-570
ciclo Brayton, 511-513, 521-525
ciclo de Carnot, 305-308, 494-496
compresión en etapas múltiples, 521
Eficiencias isentrópicas, 370-377, 401,
517, 542, 566
bombas, 373
ciclos de potencia de vapor, 565-568
ciclos de potencia del gas, 517-518, 541
compresores, 373-375, 401
dispositivos de flujo estacionario,
370-377, 401
oberas, 224, 233-236, 375-377, 401
turbinas, 371-372
Émbolo, 497
Empuje (F), 526, 542
Energía (£), 2-3, 7-8, 39, 51-111, 194-198,
279-282. Véase también Trabajo de
Mujo; Máquinas térmicas; Energía
térmica; Trabajo
ambiente y, 86-91
balance, 2, 71-72, 74, 97
calidad, 2, 39, 280
cambio de un sistema, 72
cinética (EC), 53-55, 97
conservación de, 2, 52-53, 197-199
conversión, 78-91, 97
desecho, 285
dietas y, 197-199
eficiencia de, 78-86, 97
en forma de tasa, balance de, 54, 74, 97,
173, 222-224
Mujo. Véase Trabajo de flujo
Mujo másico, 54, 96
Mujo volumétrico relacionado, 54, 96
formas de, 51, 53-59
formas macroscópicas de, 53-54. Véase
también Energía cinética (EC)
formas microscópicas de, 53. Véase también
Energía interna (U)
interna (U), 53-54, 96
latente, 55
mecánica, 58-59, 97
nuclear, 55-58
potencia, 7-8
potencial (EP), 54, 97, 232
primera ley de la termodinámica para
la conservación de, 2, 39, 70-78, 97
química, 55-56
requerimientos de alimentos, 194-195
segunda ley de la termodinámica por
calidad de, 2, 39, 279-281
sensible, 55
sistemas estacionarios, 54, 72
sistemas y transferencia de, 51, 56, 72-73, 97
térmica, 52, 56, 60, 281
termodinámica y, 2-3, 39
total, 53, 70-71, 96
trabajo como, 7, 51, 62-70, 97
transferencia, 51, 56, 58-65, 73-78
transferencia de calor, 51, 60-62, 92-97
unidades de, 7-8, 61-62
Energía, análisis de, 165-218, 219-277,
562-565
balance de energía, 165, 173-178, 200,
231-232, 247-248, 254
balance de masa, 222-226, 254
calores específicos, 165, 178-180, 201
cámaras de mezclado, 240-241
compresores, 236-238
conservación de la energía, 251-254
conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254
corriente única, sistemas de flujo
estacionario de, 224
difusores, 233-234
ecuación de la energía, 231-232, 247,
251-254
energía cinética, cambios en, 232, 254
energía interna cambios (Ax), 180-182,
188-192
energía potencial (Acp), cambios de,
232, 254
entalpía, cambio en la (44), 180-182,
189-190, 232, 254
fujo en ductos, 244-245
Mujo en tuberías, 244-245
flujo estacionario, procesos de,
223-224, 230-233, 254
ujo no estacionario, procesos de,
246-251, 254
flujo uniforme, procesos de, 247-250, 254
gases ideales, 180-188, 200
intercambiadores de calor, 242-244
primera ley de la termodinámica y, 174,
200, 251-254
proceso politrópico, 171-172, 200
Rankine, ciclo, 561-565
sistemas cerrados, 165-218
sustancia incompresible, 189-192, 201,
224-226
toberas, 224, 233-236
trabajo de flujo, 226-230, 254
trabajo de frontera móvil, 165-173, 200
transferencia de calor, 231-232, 247, 253
transferencia de trabajo, 231-232, 252-254
turbinas, 232, 236-238
válvulas de estrangulamiento, 239-240
volúmenes de control, 220-277
Energía cinética (EC), 53-55, 97, 232, 254,
429-431
cambios (Aec), 232
energía interna como, 53-55, 96
exergía (x,¿) de, 429-431
volumen de control, 232, 254
Energía intema (U), 53, 55-56, 96, 179-192,
203, 677-678, 687, 691, 707
calor específico y, 178-180
cambio (Au o du), 179-187, 203, 677,
687, 691
energía latente, 55
energía nuclear, 55-56
energía química, 55
energía sensible, 55
fuerzas moleculares, 55
gas ideal, cambio de,180-188
gases reales, cambios de, 681, 691
mezcla de gases, 707-709, 726
simple compresible, sistema, 677, 690
sustancias incompresibles, 189-192, 201
trabajo y, 56
transferencia de calor, 56
Energía térmica, 52, 56, 60, 281
capacidad, 281
depósitos, 281
energía interna, 53, 56, 60
Energía total, 53, 70-71, 96, 227-228
Enfriador por rociado o baño de agua, 754-755
Enfriamiento evaporativo, 148, 754-755
Entalpía (4), 126-127, 254, 707-708, 716, 738-
739, 759, 802, 848, 896, 948, 951, 995
combustión (Ac), 783, 802
combustión, procesos y. 782-785, 802
estancamiento (hy), 848, 896
formación, 783-784, 802, 948, 995
mezcla de gas, 707-715, 716, 726
reacción (ly), 783, 802
tablas de propiedades, 948, 951, 995
termodinámica, propiedades de, 127
volumen de control, 232, 254
Entalpía, cambios de (Ah o dh), 180-193, 232,
674-679, 686-687, 690
calores específicos y, 178-180, 201
Clapeyron, ecuación de, 674-677, 690
gases ideales, 160-188, 200
gases reales, 685-686, 691
sistema simple compresible, 677-678, 690
sustancia incompresible, 189-192, 200
Entropía (S), 126, 280, 331-425, 707-708,
716-717, 793-794, 803, 948, 852, 995.
Véase también Balance de entropía:
Cambios de entropía (AS o ds);
Eficiencias isentrópicas
absoluta, 347, 794, 803, 948, 995
adiabático, proceso, 343-345
Boltzmann, relación de, 347
compresión, 362-370, 373-375, 390-400
desigualdades de Clausius, 331-333
desorden molecular (aleatoriedad
molecular), 346-348
diagrama de propiedades que
involucran, 344-345
eficiencia y, 370-377, 401
eficiencias isentrópicas, 370-377, 401
Mujo estacionario, procesos de, 362-366, 401
gases ideales, 354-356, 400
generación (Sen), 336-337, 348-350,
380-389, 400
Gibbs, ecuación de, 350-351
internamente reversible, procesos, 334-335,
344, 400
isotérmicos, procesos de, 334-335, 345
mezclas de gases, 707-708, 717, 726
Molier, diagrama de, 345
procesos isentrópicos, 331, 343-344,
358-362, 370-377, 400
propiedad que no se conserva, 331, 338
reacción química, sistemas de, 793-794, 802
relaciones 7 ds, 350-351
reversible, procesos, 332-335, 343,
362-366, 400
segunda ley de la termodinámica y,
280, 331-425
sustancias incompresibles, 351-354, 400
sustancias puras, 339-343, 400
tablas de propiedades, 948, 952, 995
tercera ley de la termodinámica y, 347-348,
794, 803
total, 334
trabajo (W) y, 362-364, 401
transferencia de calor, 334-335, 344, 378
vida diaria y, 348-350
Eólica, energía mecánica, 59
Equilibrio, 14-15, 39, 149-151, 815-846, 950
condiciones atmosféricas y, 149-151
constante (K,), 818-821, 837, 950
cuasiequilibrio, proceso de, 15-16, 39
estado de un sistema y, 14-15, 39, 815
fase, 15, 149-151, 813, 830-837
fases para un sistema multicomponente,
832-837
función de Gibbs, 817-818, 830-831, 837
ley cero de la termodinámica, 17-21, 39
mecánico, 14, 815
mezcla de gases ideales, 818-824, 838
presión de vapor, 149-151
propiedades independientes, 15
químico, 14, 815-829, 837
reacciones simultáneas, 826-828
sistema aislado, 815, 837
sistema compresible simple, 15
tabla de propiedades, 950
térmico, 14, 17, 815
termodinámico, 15, 39
Equilibrio químico, 14, 815-830, 837
coeficientes estequiométricos (v),
817-818, 837
constante de equilibrio (K;). 818-821, 837
criterio para, 816-818, 837,
función de Gibbs en estado estándar, cambio
dela, 819, 837
función de Gibbs (2) para, 817-819
gas ideal, mezclas de, 818-821, 838
reacciones simultáneas para, 826-828
van't Hoff, ecuación de, 829, 838
Equilibrio termodinámico, véase Equilibrio
Equivalencia, relación de, 777
Ericsson, cielo, 507-511, 542
Escala
de temperatura internacional de 1990
(1TS-90), 20-21
de temperatura del gas ideal, 18-20
Kelvin (K), 18-21, 304-305
termodinámica de temperatura, 18,
303-305, 316
Esfuerzo normal, 22
Esmog, 87-88
Estacionario, definición, 16
Estado
de estancamiento isentrópico, 849
de un sistema, 14-15, 39, 135
muerto, 428-429
Estados de equilibrios, 14, 149-151, 815,
828-837
constante de Henry, 833, 838
ley de Henry, 833, 838
ley de Raoult, 834, 838
regla de fases de Gibbs, 831, 838
Estanque de
enfriamiento, 758
rociado, 758
Evaporación, 151
Exceso de aire, combustión, 777, 802
Exergía, 427-489, 532-534, 542, 584-586,
625-627
balance, 449-460, 473
calor, transferencia por (Xayo), 445-446, 473
desperdiciado (perdido), potencial de
trabajo, 427, 433, 473
destruida (Xuesous3a), 448-449, 461, 472-473,
532-534, 542, 584-585, 624-625
energía cinética y, 429-431
energía mecánica y, 430
energía potencial (x,,), 429-430
en forma de tasa, balance de, 449-450,
461, 474
estado muerto, 428-429, 473
Mujo (corriente), 442-444, 473
Mujo estacionario, sistemas de, 462-468
irreversibilidad, 427, 431-436, 473
masa, transferencia por, 447, 473
potencia de vapor, ciclos de, 584-586
principio de disminución de, 447-449, 474
refrigeración por compresión de vapor,
ciclo de, 624-629
reversible, proceso, 429, 473
segunda ley de la termodinámica y,
427-429, 469
segunda ley, eficiencia según la, 436-439,
462-463, 472-473, 625
sin flujo (sistema cerrado), 439-441, 473
sistema, cambio de, 439-444
sistema cerrado, 439-441, 449-460
termomecánica, 439-444
trabajo de los alrededores (Waresedoro), 432
trabajo reversible (W...), 427, 431-436,
462, 473
trabajo, transferencia por (Xu), 446, 473
transferencia, 445-447, 473
vapor (fMujo), 438-442
1003
MANE
vida diaria, 469-470
volúmenes de control, 460-468
Expansión
dispositivo de, 618, 625
sustancias de, 121-122, 125, 153
Expansividad volumétrica ($), 681, 691
F
Factor de utilización (€ ,), 588
Fahrenheit (*F), escala, 18-21, 39
Fisión, energía nuclear, 56-58
Fluidos, 23-26, 58-59, 219-277, 847-905
análisis de energía, 219-277
compresible, 847-905
compresión de flujo, 880
conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254
energía de flujo, 226-229, 254
energía total de un, 227-228
estancamiento, propiedades de, 847-851, 896
Mujo adiabático, 873
Mlujo de simetría rotacional, 878-879
Mujo de trabajo, 58, 226-229, 254
flujo estacionario, procesos de, 223-224,
230-246, 254
Mujo hipersónico, 853
Mujo isentrópico, 853-869, 897
flujo másico, 54, 220-221, 254
Mlujos expansivos, 880
Mlujo sónico, 853, 896
Mujo subsónico, 853, 856-858, 896
lujo supersónico, 853, 856-858, 896
flujo transónico, 853
Mujo volumétrico, 54, 221, 254
Pascal, ley de, 25-26
presión de reposo, 23-26
procesos de flujo no estacionario, 246-251,
254
procesos de flujo uniforme, 247-250, 255
variación de la velocidad del, 856-858
volúmenes de control, 219-277
Flujo
de aire, 755
de Rayleigh ahogado, 891
de simetría rotacional, 878
en tuberías, análisis de energía, 244-246
estacionario, proceso de, 237
hipersónico, 853
másico, tasa de, 54, 96, 220-222, 253
sónico, 853, 879-880, 896
subsónico, 853, 856-858
supersónico, 853, 856-858, 873, 879, 896
transónico, 853
volumétrico, 54, 96, 254
Flujo compresible, 847-905
aire, 849-851
choque normal, 867-875, 897
choque oblicuo, 868, 876-880, 897
contrapresión, 860-869, 897
Mlujo adiabático reversible, 884
Mujo de Rayleigh, 884-893, 897
Mujo en un ducto, 853-858, 884-893
lujo isentrópico, 853-869, 897
Mujo sónico, 853
Mlujo subsónico, 853. 856-858, 862, 879, 896
lujo supersónico, 853, 857-858, 873,
879, 896
gas ideal, 849-850, 858-860, 885-893, 896
número de Mach (Ma), 847, 852-853, 855,
861-863, 870-872, 876-882, 897
ondas de choque, 847, 868-881
ondas expansivas de Prandil-Meyer, 880-884