tablas de termodinamica, Apuntes de Termodinámica

¡Descarga tablas de termodinamica y más Apuntes en PDF de Termodinámica solo en Docsity! TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Constanre Propiedades del punto crítico Masa molar, de gas, Temperatura, Presión, Volumen, Sustancia Fórmula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg · K* K MPa m3/kmol Agua H2O 18.015 0.4615 647.1 22.06 0.0560 Aire — 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673 Alcohol metílico CH3OH 32.042 0.2595 513.2 7.95 0.1180 Amoniaco NH3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724 Argón Ar 39.948 0.2081 151 4.86 0.0749 Benceno C6H6 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603 Bromo Br2 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355 n-Butano C4H10 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547 Cloro Cl2 70.906 0.1173 417 7.71 0.1242 Cloroformo CHCl3 119.38 0.06964 536.6 5.47 0.2403 Cloruro metílico CH3Cl 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430 Criptón Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924 Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179 Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973 Dióxido de carbono CO2 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943 Dióxido de sulfuro SO2 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217 Etano C2H6 30.070 0.2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480 Etileno C2H4 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242 Helio He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578 n-Hexano C6H14 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677 Hidrógeno (normal) H2 2.016 4.1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649 Metano CH4 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993 Monóxido de carbono CO 28.011 0.2968 133 3.50 0.0930 Neón Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417 Nitrógeno N2 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899 Óxido nitroso N2O 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7.27 0.0961 Oxígeno O2 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0.0780 Propano C3H8 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998 Propileno C3H6 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810 Tetracloruro de carbono CCl4 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759 Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993 Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478 Xenón Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186 *La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m3/kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R
Ru /M, donde Ru
8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es la masa molar. Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1. 884 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:00 AM Page 884 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net Apéndice 1 | 885 TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a) A 300 K Constante de gas, R cp cv Gas Fórmula kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K k Aire — 0.2870 1.005 0.718 1.400 Argón Ar 0.2081 0.5203 0.3122 1.667 Butano C4H10 0.1433 1.7164 1.5734 1.091 Dióxido de carbono CO2 0.1889 0.846 0.657 1.289 Etano C2H6 0.2765 1.7662 1.4897 1.186 Etileno C2H4 0.2964 1.5482 1.2518 1.237 Helio He 2.0769 5.1926 3.1156 1.667 Hidrógeno H2 4.1240 14.307 10.183 1.405 Metano CH4 0.5182 2.2537 1.7354 1.299 Monóxido de carbono CO 0.2968 1.040 0.744 1.400 Neón Ne 0.4119 1.0299 0.6179 1.667 Nitrógeno N2 0.2968 1.039 0.743 1.400 Octano C8H18 0.0729 1.7113 1.6385 1.044 Oxígeno O2 0.2598 0.918 0.658 1.395 Propano C3H8 0.1885 1.6794 1.4909 1.126 Vapor H2O 0.4615 1.8723 1.4108 1.327 Nota: La unidad kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kJ/kg · °C. Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics tercera edición, por Kyle, B.G., © 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey. TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:00 AM Page 885 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm Datos de congelación Propiedades del líquido Punto Calor latente de Punto Calor latente Calor normal de vaporización de conge- de fusión Temperatura, Densidad específico Sustancia ebullición, °C hfg, kJ/kg lación, °C hif , kJ/kg °C r, kg/m3 cp, kJ/kg · K Aceite (ligero) 25 910 1.80 Agua 100 2257 0.0 333.7 0 1000 4.22 25 997 4.18 50 988 4.18 75 975 4.19 100 958 4.22 Alcohol etílico 78.6 855 156 108 20 789 2.84 Amoniaco 33.3 1357 77.7 322.4 33.3 682 4.43 20 665 4.52 0 639 4.60 25 602 4.80 Argón 185.9 161.6 189.3 28 185.6 1394 1.14 Benceno 80.2 394 5.5 126 20 879 1.72 n-Butano 0.5 385.2 138.5 80.3 0.5 601 2.31 Dióxido de carbono 78.4* 230.5 (a 0°C) 56.6 0 298 0.59 Etanol 78.2 838.3 114.2 109 25 783 2.46 Etilén glicol 198.1 800.1 10.8 181.1 20 1109 2.84 Glicerina 179.9 974 18.9 200.6 20 1261 2.32 Helio 268.9 22.8 — — 268.9 146.2 22.8 Hidrógeno 252.8 445.7 259.2 59.5 252.8 70.7 10.0 Isobutano 11.7 367.1 160 105.7 11.7 593.8 2.28 Mercurio 356.7 294.7 38.9 11.4 25 13,560 0.139 Metano 161.5 510.4 182.2 58.4 161.5 423 3.49 100 301 5.79 Metanol 64.5 1100 97.7 99.2 25 787 2.55 Nitrógeno 195.8 198.6 210 25.3 195.8 809 2.06 160 596 2.97 Octano 124.8 306.3 57.5 180.7 20 703 2.10 Oxígeno 183 212.7 218.8 13.7 183 1141 1.71 Petróleo — 230–384 20 640 2.0 Propano 42.1 427.8 187.7 80.0 42.1 581 2.25 0 529 2.53 50 449 3.13 Queroseno 204–293 251 24.9 — 20 820 2.00 Refrigerante 134a 26.1 217.0 96.6 — 50 1443 1.23 Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio por masa) 103.9 — 17.4 — 20 1150 3.11 26.1 1374 1.27 0 1295 1.34 25 1207 1.43 * Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como sólido o como gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.) 888 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:00 AM Page 888 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, Calor específico, Densidad, Calor específico, Sustancia r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K Sustancia r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K Metales No metales Acero dulce 7,830 0.500 Arena 1520 0.800 Aluminio Arcilla 1000 0.920 200 K 0.797 Asfalto 2110 0.920 250 K 0.859 Caucho (blando) 1100 1.840 300 K 2,700 0.902 Caucho (duro) 1150 2.009 350 K 0.929 Concreto 2300 0.653 400 K 0.949 Diamante 2420 0.616 450 K 0.973 Grafito 2500 0.711 500 K 0.997 Granito 2700 1.017 Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 8,280 0.400 Hielo 2% Al) 200 K 1.56 Cobre 220 K 1.71 173°C 0.254 240 K 1.86 100°C 0.342 260 K 2.01 50°C 0.367 273 K 921 2.11 0°C 0.381 Ladrillo común 1922 0.79 27°C 8,900 0.386 Ladrillo refractario (500°C) 2300 0.960 100°C 0.393 Madera contrachapada 200°C 0.403 (abeto Douglas) 545 1.21 Hierro 7,840 0.45 Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) 721 1.26 Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 8,310 0.400 Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) 513 1.38 35% Zn) Mármol 2600 0.880 Magnesio 1,730 1.000 Piedra 1500 0.800 Níquel 8,890 0.440 Piedra caliza 1650 0.909 Plata 10,470 0.235 Vidrio para ventanas 2700 0.800 Plomo 11,310 0.128 Vidrio pirex 2230 0.840 Tungsteno 19,400 0.130 Yeso o tabla de yeso 800 1.0 c) Alimentos Calor específico, Calor específico, kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo Calor Por encima Por debajo Calor Contenido Punto del punto del punto latente Contenido Punto del punto del punto latente de agua, de conge- de conge- de conge- de fusión, de agua, de conge- de conge- de conge- de fusión, Alimentos % (masa) lación, °C lación lación kJ/kg Alimentos % (masa) lación, °C lación lación kJ/kg Brócoli 90 0.6 3.86 1.97 301 Helado 63 5.6 2.95 1.63 210 Camarón 83 2.2 3.62 1.89 277 Mantequilla 16 — — 1.04 53 Carne de pollo 74 2.8 3.32 1.77 247 Manzanas 84 1.1 3.65 1.90 281 Carne de res 67 — 3.08 1.68 224 Naranjas 87 0.8 3.75 1.94 291 Cerezas 80 1.8 3.52 1.85 267 Papas 78 0.6 3.45 1.82 261 Espinaca 93 0.3 3.96 2.01 311 Pavo 64 — 2.98 1.65 214 Fresas 90 0.8 3.86 1.97 301 Plátanos 75 0.8 3.35 1.78 251 Huevo entero 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Queso suizo 39 10.0 2.15 1.33 130 Leche entera 88 0.6 3.79 1.95 294 Salmón 64 2.2 2.98 1.65 214 Lechuga 95 0.2 4.02 2.04 317 Sandía 93 0.4 3.96 2.01 311 Maíz dulce 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Tomates (maduros) 94 0.5 3.99 2.02 314 Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos. Apéndice 1 | 889 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:00 AM Page 889 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 0.01 0.6117 0.001000 206.00 0.000 2374.9 2374.9 0.001 2500.9 2500.9 0.0000 9.1556 9.1556 5 0.8725 0.001000 147.03 21.019 2360.8 2381.8 21.020 2489.1 2510.1 0.0763 8.9487 9.0249 10 1.2281 0.001000 106.32 42.020 2346.6 2388.7 42.022 2477.2 2519.2 0.1511 8.7488 8.8999 15 1.7057 0.001001 77.885 62.980 2332.5 2395.5 62.982 2465.4 2528.3 0.2245 8.5559 8.7803 20 2.3392 0.001002 57.762 83.913 2318.4 2402.3 83.915 2453.5 2537.4 0.2965 8.3696 8.6661 25 3.1698 0.001003 43.340 104.83 2304.3 2409.1 104.83 2441.7 2546.5 0.3672 8.1895 8.5567 30 4.2469 0.001004 32.879 125.73 2290.2 2415.9 125.74 2429.8 2555.6 0.4368 8.0152 8.4520 35 5.6291 0.001006 25.205 146.63 2276.0 2422.7 146.64 2417.9 2564.6 0.5051 7.8466 8.3517 40 7.3851 0.001008 19.515 167.53 2261.9 2429.4 167.53 2406.0 2573.5 0.5724 7.6832 8.2556 45 9.5953 0.001010 15.251 188.43 2247.7 2436.1 188.44 2394.0 2582.4 0.6386 7.5247 8.1633 50 12.352 0.001012 12.026 209.33 2233.4 2442.7 209.34 2382.0 2591.3 0.7038 7.3710 8.0748 55 15.763 0.001015 9.5639 230.24 2219.1 2449.3 230.26 2369.8 2600.1 0.7680 7.2218 7.9898 60 19.947 0.001017 7.6670 251.16 2204.7 2455.9 251.18 2357.7 2608.8 0.8313 7.0769 7.9082 65 25.043 0.001020 6.1935 272.09 2190.3 2462.4 272.12 2345.4 2617.5 0.8937 6.9360 7.8296 70 31.202 0.001023 5.0396 293.04 2175.8 2468.9 293.07 2333.0 2626.1 0.9551 6.7989 7.7540 75 38.597 0.001026 4.1291 313.99 2161.3 2475.3 314.03 2320.6 2634.6 1.0158 6.6655 7.6812 80 47.416 0.001029 3.4053 334.97 2146.6 2481.6 335.02 2308.0 2643.0 1.0756 6.5355 7.6111 85 57.868 0.001032 2.8261 355.96 2131.9 2487.8 356.02 2295.3 2651.4 1.1346 6.4089 7.5435 90 70.183 0.001036 2.3593 376.97 2117.0 2494.0 377.04 2282.5 2659.6 1.1929 6.2853 7.4782 95 84.609 0.001040 1.9808 398.00 2102.0 2500.1 398.09 2269.6 2667.6 1.2504 6.1647 7.4151 100 101.42 0.001043 1.6720 419.06 2087.0 2506.0 419.17 2256.4 2675.6 1.3072 6.0470 7.3542 105 120.90 0.001047 1.4186 440.15 2071.8 2511.9 440.28 2243.1 2683.4 1.3634 5.9319 7.2952 110 143.38 0.001052 1.2094 461.27 2056.4 2517.7 461.42 2229.7 2691.1 1.4188 5.8193 7.2382 115 169.18 0.001056 1.0360 482.42 2040.9 2523.3 482.59 2216.0 2698.6 1.4737 5.7092 7.1829 120 198.67 0.001060 0.89133 503.60 2025.3 2528.9 503.81 2202.1 2706.0 1.5279 5.6013 7.1292 125 232.23 0.001065 0.77012 524.83 2009.5 2534.3 525.07 2188.1 2713.1 1.5816 5.4956 7.0771 130 270.28 0.001070 0.66808 546.10 1993.4 2539.5 546.38 2173.7 2720.1 1.6346 5.3919 7.0265 135 313.22 0.001075 0.58179 567.41 1977.3 2544.7 567.75 2159.1 2726.9 1.6872 5.2901 6.9773 140 361.53 0.001080 0.50850 588.77 1960.9 2549.6 589.16 2144.3 2733.5 1.7392 5.1901 6.9294 145 415.68 0.001085 0.44600 610.19 1944.2 2554.4 610.64 2129.2 2739.8 1.7908 5.0919 6.8827 150 476.16 0.001091 0.39248 631.66 1927.4 2559.1 632.18 2113.8 2745.9 1.8418 4.9953 6.8371 155 543.49 0.001096 0.34648 653.19 1910.3 2563.5 653.79 2098.0 2751.8 1.8924 4.9002 6.7927 160 618.23 0.001102 0.30680 674.79 1893.0 2567.8 675.47 2082.0 2757.5 1.9426 4.8066 6.7492 165 700.93 0.001108 0.27244 696.46 1875.4 2571.9 697.24 2065.6 2762.8 1.9923 4.7143 6.7067 170 792.18 0.001114 0.24260 718.20 1857.5 2575.7 719.08 2048.8 2767.9 2.0417 4.6233 6.6650 175 892.60 0.001121 0.21659 740.02 1839.4 2579.4 741.02 2031.7 2772.7 2.0906 4.5335 6.6242 180 1002.8 0.001127 0.19384 761.92 1820.9 2582.8 763.05 2014.2 2777.2 2.1392 4.4448 6.5841 185 1123.5 0.001134 0.17390 783.91 1802.1 2586.0 785.19 1996.2 2781.4 2.1875 4.3572 6.5447 190 1255.2 0.001141 0.15636 806.00 1783.0 2589.0 807.43 1977.9 2785.3 2.2355 4.2705 6.5059 195 1398.8 0.001149 0.14089 828.18 1763.6 2591.7 829.78 1959.0 2788.8 2.2831 4.1847 6.4678 200 1554.9 0.001157 0.12721 850.46 1743.7 2594.2 852.26 1939.8 2792.0 2.3305 4.0997 6.4302 890 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:00 AM Page 890 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat, Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 800 170.41 0.001115 0.24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616 850 172.94 0.001118 0.22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409 900 175.35 0.001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2.0941 4.5273 6.6213 950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027 1000 179.88 0.001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850 1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585.5 781.03 1999.6 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520 1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217 1300 191.60 0.001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.9 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936 1400 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675 1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430 1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6.3877 2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906.12 1693.0 2599.1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390 2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6.2954 2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558 3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803.2 2.6454 3.5402 6.1856 3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244 4000 250.35 0.001252 0.049779 1082.4 1519.3 2601.7 1087.4 1713.5 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696 5000 263.94 0.001286 0.039448 1148.1 1448.9 2597.0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2 2.9207 3.0530 5.9737 6000 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1205.8 1384.1 2589.9 1213.8 1570.9 2784.6 3.0275 2.8627 5.8902 7000 285.83 0.001352 0.027378 1258.0 1323.0 2581.0 1267.5 1505.2 2772.6 3.1220 2.6927 5.8148 8000 295.01 0.001384 0.023525 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2077 2.5373 5.7450 9000 303.35 0.001418 0.020489 1350.9 1207.6 2558.5 1363.7 1379.3 2742.9 3.2866 2.3925 5.6791 10,000 311.00 0.001452 0.018028 1393.3 1151.8 2545.2 1407.8 1317.6 2725.5 3.3603 2.2556 5.6159 11,000 318.08 0.001488 0.015988 1433.9 1096.6 2530.4 1450.2 1256.1 2706.3 3.4299 2.1245 5.5544 12,000 324.68 0.001526 0.014264 1473.0 1041.3 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.4964 1.9975 5.4939 13,000 330.85 0.001566 0.012781 1511.0 985.5 2496.6 1531.4 1131.3 2662.7 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336 14,000 336.67 0.001610 0.011487 1548.4 928.7 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637.9 3.6232 1.7497 5.3728 15,000 342.16 0.001657 0.010341 1585.5 870.3 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.6848 1.6261 5.3108 16,000 347.36 0.001710 0.009312 1622.6 809.4 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 2581.0 3.7461 1.5005 5.2466 17,000 352.29 0.001770 0.008374 1660.2 745.1 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.8082 1.3709 5.1791 18,000 356.99 0.001840 0.007504 1699.1 675.9 2375.0 1732.2 777.8 2510.0 3.8720 1.2343 5.1064 19,000 361.47 0.001926 0.006677 1740.3 598.9 2339.2 1776.8 689.2 2466.0 3.9396 1.0860 5.0256 20,000 365.75 0.002038 0.005862 1785.8 509.0 2294.8 1826.6 585.5 2412.1 4.0146 0.9164 4.9310 21,000 369.83 0.002207 0.004994 1841.6 391.9 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.1071 0.7005 4.8076 22,000 373.71 0.002703 0.003644 1951.7 140.8 2092.4 2011.1 161.5 2172.6 4.2942 0.2496 4.5439 22,064 373.95 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070 Apéndice 1 | 893 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 893 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net 894 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P
0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* P
0.05 MPa (81.32°C) P
0.10 MPa (99.61°C) Sat.† 14.670 2437.2 2583.9 8.1488 3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589 50 14.867 2443.3 2592.0 8.1741 100 17.196 2515.5 2687.5 8.4489 3.4187 2511.5 2682.4 7.6953 1.6959 2506.2 2675.8 7.3611 150 19.513 2587.9 2783.0 8.6893 3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413 1.9367 2582.9 2776.6 7.6148 200 21.826 2661.4 2879.6 8.9049 4.3562 2660.0 2877.8 8.1592 2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356 250 24.136 2736.1 2977.5 9.1015 4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568 2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8.0346 300 26.446 2812.3 3076.7 9.2827 5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387 2.6389 2810.7 3074.5 8.2172 400 31.063 2969.3 3280.0 9.6094 6.2094 2968.9 3279.3 8.8659 3.1027 2968.3 3278.6 8.5452 500 35.680 3132.9 3489.7 9.8998 7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9.1566 3.5655 3132.2 3488.7 8.8362 600 40.296 3303.3 3706.3 10.1631 8.0577 3303.1 3706.0 9.4201 4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999 700 44.911 3480.8 3929.9 10.4056 8.9813 3480.6 3929.7 9.6626 4.4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.3424 800 49.527 3665.4 4160.6 10.6312 9.9047 3665.2 4160.4 9.8883 4.9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.5682 900 54.143 3856.9 4398.3 10.8429 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000 5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.7800 1000 58.758 4055.3 4642.8 11.0429 11.7513 4055.2 4642.7 10.3000 5.8755 4055.0 4642.6 9.9800 1100 63.373 4260.0 4893.8 11.2326 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897 6.3372 4259.8 4893.6 10.1698 1200 67.989 4470.9 5150.8 11.4132 13.5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704 6.7988 4470.7 5150.6 10.3504 1300 72.604 4687.4 5413.4 11.5857 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429 7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229 P
0.20 MPa (120.21°C) P
0.30 MPa (133.52°C) P
0.40 MPa (143.61°C) Sat. 0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 7.1270 0.60582 2543.2 2724.9 6.9917 0.46242 2553.1 2738.1 6.8955 150 0.95986 2577.1 2769.1 7.2810 0.63402 2571.0 2761.2 7.0792 0.47088 2564.4 2752.8 6.9306 200 1.08049 2654.6 2870.7 7.5081 0.71643 2651.0 2865.9 7.3132 0.53434 2647.2 2860.9 7.1723 250 1.19890 2731.4 2971.2 7.7100 0.79645 2728.9 2967.9 7.5180 0.59520 2726.4 2964.5 7.3804 300 1.31623 2808.8 3072.1 7.8941 0.87535 2807.0 3069.6 7.7037 0.65489 2805.1 3067.1 7.5677 400 1.54934 2967.2 3277.0 8.2236 1.03155 2966.0 3275.5 8.0347 0.77265 2964.9 3273.9 7.9003 500 1.78142 3131.4 3487.7 8.5153 1.18672 3130.6 3486.6 8.3271 0.88936 3129.8 3485.5 8.1933 600 2.01302 3302.2 3704.8 8.7793 1.34139 3301.6 3704.0 8.5915 1.00558 3301.0 3703.3 8.4580 700 2.24434 3479.9 3928.8 9.0221 1.49580 3479.5 3928.2 8.8345 1.12152 3479.0 3927.6 8.7012 800 2.47550 3664.7 4159.8 9.2479 1.65004 3664.3 4159.3 9.0605 1.23730 3663.9 4158.9 8.9274 900 2.70656 3856.3 4397.7 9.4598 1.80417 3856.0 4397.3 9.2725 1.35298 3855.7 4396.9 9.1394 1000 2.93755 4054.8 4642.3 9.6599 1.95824 4054.5 4642.0 9.4726 1.46859 4054.3 4641.7 9.3396 1100 3.16848 4259.6 4893.3 9.8497 2.11226 4259.4 4893.1 9.6624 1.58414 4259.2 4892.9 9.5295 1200 3.39938 4470.5 5150.4 10.0304 2.26624 4470.3 5150.2 9.8431 1.69966 4470.2 5150.0 9.7102 1300 3.63026 4687.1 5413.1 10.2029 2.42019 4686.9 5413.0 10.0157 1.81516 4686.7 5412.8 9.8828 P
0.50 MPa (151.83°C) P
0.60 MPa (158.83°C) P
0.80 MPa (170.41°C) Sat. 0.37483 2560.7 2748.1 6.8207 0.31560 2566.8 2756.2 6.7593 0.24035 2576.0 2768.3 6.6616 200 0.42503 2643.3 2855.8 7.0610 0.35212 2639.4 2850.6 6.9683 0.26088 2631.1 2839.8 6.8177 250 0.47443 2723.8 2961.0 7.2725 0.39390 2721.2 2957.6 7.1833 0.29321 2715.9 2950.4 7.0402 300 0.52261 2803.3 3064.6 7.4614 0.43442 2801.4 3062.0 7.3740 0.32416 2797.5 3056.9 7.2345 350 0.57015 2883.0 3168.1 7.6346 0.47428 2881.6 3166.1 7.5481 0.35442 2878.6 3162.2 7.4107 400 0.61731 2963.7 3272.4 7.7956 0.51374 2962.5 3270.8 7.7097 0.38429 2960.2 3267.7 7.5735 500 0.71095 3129.0 3484.5 8.0893 0.59200 3128.2 3483.4 8.0041 0.44332 3126.6 3481.3 7.8692 600 0.80409 3300.4 3702.5 8.3544 0.66976 3299.8 3701.7 8.2695 0.50186 3298.7 3700.1 8.1354 700 0.89696 3478.6 3927.0 8.5978 0.74725 3478.1 3926.4 8.5132 0.56011 3477.2 3925.3 8.3794 800 0.98966 3663.6 4158.4 8.8240 0.82457 3663.2 4157.9 8.7395 0.61820 3662.5 4157.0 8.6061 900 1.08227 3855.4 4396.6 9.0362 0.90179 3855.1 4396.2 8.9518 0.67619 3854.5 4395.5 8.8185 1000 1.17480 4054.0 4641.4 9.2364 0.97893 4053.8 4641.1 9.1521 0.73411 4053.3 4640.5 9.0189 1100 1.26728 4259.0 4892.6 9.4263 1.05603 4258.8 4892.4 9.3420 0.79197 4258.3 4891.9 9.2090 1200 1.35972 4470.0 5149.8 9.6071 1.13309 4469.8 5149.6 9.5229 0.84980 4469.4 5149.3 9.3898 1300 1.45214 4686.6 5412.6 9.7797 1.21012 4686.4 5412.5 9.6955 0.90761 4686.1 5412.2 9.5625 *La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. † Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada. TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 894 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net Apéndice 1 | 895 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P
1.00 MPa (179.88C) P
1.20 MPa (187.96C) P
1.40 MPa (195.04C) Sat. 0.19437 2582.8 2777.1 6.5850 0.16326 2587.8 2783.8 6.5217 0.14078 2591.8 2788.9 6.4675 200 0.20602 2622.3 2828.3 6.6956 0.16934 2612.9 2816.1 6.5909 0.14303 2602.7 2803.0 6.4975 250 0.23275 2710.4 2943.1 6.9265 0.19241 2704.7 2935.6 6.8313 0.16356 2698.9 2927.9 6.7488 300 0.25799 2793.7 3051.6 7.1246 0.21386 2789.7 3046.3 7.0335 0.18233 2785.7 3040.9 6.9553 350 0.28250 2875.7 3158.2 7.3029 0.23455 2872.7 3154.2 7.2139 0.20029 2869.7 3150.1 7.1379 400 0.30661 2957.9 3264.5 7.4670 0.25482 2955.5 3261.3 7.3793 0.21782 2953.1 3258.1 7.3046 500 0.35411 3125.0 3479.1 7.7642 0.29464 3123.4 3477.0 7.6779 0.25216 3121.8 3474.8 7.6047 600 0.40111 3297.5 3698.6 8.0311 0.33395 3296.3 3697.0 7.9456 0.28597 3295.1 3695.5 7.8730 700 0.44783 3476.3 3924.1 8.2755 0.37297 3475.3 3922.9 8.1904 0.31951 3474.4 3921.7 8.1183 800 0.49438 3661.7 4156.1 8.5024 0.41184 3661.0 4155.2 8.4176 0.35288 3660.3 4154.3 8.3458 900 0.54083 3853.9 4394.8 8.7150 0.45059 3853.3 4394.0 8.6303 0.38614 3852.7 4393.3 8.5587 1000 0.58721 4052.7 4640.0 8.9155 0.48928 4052.2 4639.4 8.8310 0.41933 4051.7 4638.8 8.7595 1100 0.63354 4257.9 4891.4 9.1057 0.52792 4257.5 4891.0 9.0212 0.45247 4257.0 4890.5 8.9497 1200 0.67983 4469.0 5148.9 9.2866 0.56652 4468.7 5148.5 9.2022 0.48558 4468.3 5148.1 9.1308 1300 0.72610 4685.8 5411.9 9.4593 0.60509 4685.5 5411.6 9.3750 0.51866 4685.1 5411.3 9.3036 P
1.60 MPa (201.37C) P
1.80 MPa (207.11C) P
2.00 MPa (212.38C) Sat. 0.12374 2594.8 2792.8 6.4200 0.11037 2597.3 2795.9 6.3775 0.09959 2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 225 0.13293 2645.1 2857.8 6.5537 0.11678 2637.0 2847.2 6.4825 0.10381 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 250 0.14190 2692.9 2919.9 6.6753 0.12502 2686.7 2911.7 6.6088 0.11150 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 300 0.15866 2781.6 3035.4 6.8864 0.14025 2777.4 3029.9 6.8246 0.12551 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 350 0.17459 2866.6 3146.0 7.0713 0.15460 2863.6 3141.9 7.0120 0.13860 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 400 0.19007 2950.8 3254.9 7.2394 0.16849 2948.3 3251.6 7.1814 0.15122 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 500 0.22029 3120.1 3472.6 7.5410 0.19551 3118.5 3470.4 7.4845 0.17568 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 600 0.24999 3293.9 3693.9 7.8101 0.22200 3292.7 3692.3 7.7543 0.19962 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 700 0.27941 3473.5 3920.5 8.0558 0.24822 3472.6 3919.4 8.0005 0.22326 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 800 0.30865 3659.5 4153.4 8.2834 0.27426 3658.8 4152.4 8.2284 0.24674 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 900 0.33780 3852.1 4392.6 8.4965 0.30020 3851.5 4391.9 8.4417 0.27012 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 1000 0.36687 4051.2 4638.2 8.6974 0.32606 4050.7 4637.6 8.6427 0.29342 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 1100 0.39589 4256.6 4890.0 8.8878 0.35188 4256.2 4889.6 8.8331 0.31667 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 1200 0.42488 4467.9 5147.7 9.0689 0.37766 4467.6 5147.3 9.0143 0.33989 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 1300 0.45383 4684.8 5410.9 9.2418 0.40341 4684.5 5410.6 9.1872 0.36308 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384 P
2.50 MPa (223.95C) P
3.00 MPa (233.85C) P
3.50 MPa (242.56C) Sat. 0.07995 2602.1 2801.9 6.2558 0.06667 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856 0.05706 2603.0 2802.7 6.1244 225 0.08026 2604.8 2805.5 6.2629 250 0.08705 2663.3 2880.9 6.4107 0.07063 2644.7 2856.5 6.2893 0.05876 2624.0 2829.7 6.1764 300 0.09894 2762.2 3009.6 6.6459 0.08118 2750.8 2994.3 6.5412 0.06845 2738.8 2978.4 6.4484 350 0.10979 2852.5 3127.0 6.8424 0.09056 2844.4 3116.1 6.7450 0.07680 2836.0 3104.9 6.6601 400 0.12012 2939.8 3240.1 7.0170 0.09938 2933.6 3231.7 6.9235 0.08456 2927.2 3223.2 6.8428 450 0.13015 3026.2 3351.6 7.1768 0.10789 3021.2 3344.9 7.0856 0.09198 3016.1 3338.1 7.0074 500 0.13999 3112.8 3462.8 7.3254 0.11620 3108.6 3457.2 7.2359 0.09919 3104.5 3451.7 7.1593 600 0.15931 3288.5 3686.8 7.5979 0.13245 3285.5 3682.8 7.5103 0.11325 3282.5 3678.9 7.4357 700 0.17835 3469.3 3915.2 7.8455 0.14841 3467.0 3912.2 7.7590 0.12702 3464.7 3909.3 7.6855 800 0.19722 3656.2 4149.2 8.0744 0.16420 3654.3 4146.9 7.9885 0.14061 3652.5 4144.6 7.9156 900 0.21597 3849.4 4389.3 8.2882 0.17988 3847.9 4387.5 8.2028 0.15410 3846.4 4385.7 8.1304 1000 0.23466 4049.0 4635.6 8.4897 0.19549 4047.7 4634.2 8.4045 0.16751 4046.4 4632.7 8.3324 1100 0.25330 4254.7 4887.9 8.6804 0.21105 4253.6 4886.7 8.5955 0.18087 4252.5 4885.6 8.5236 1200 0.27190 4466.3 5146.0 8.8618 0.22658 4465.3 5145.1 8.7771 0.19420 4464.4 5144.1 8.7053 1300 0.29048 4683.4 5409.5 9.0349 0.24207 4682.6 5408.8 8.9502 0.20750 4681.8 5408.0 8.8786 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 895 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P
5 MPa (263.94C) P
10 MPa (311.00C) P
15 MPa (342.16C) Sat. 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 2.9207 0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9 3.3603 0.0016572 1585.5 1610.3 3.6848 0 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0001 0.0009952 0.12 10.07 0.0003 0.0009928 0.18 15.07 0.0004 20 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.2954 0.0009973 83.31 93.28 0.2943 0.0009951 83.01 97.93 0.2932 40 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.5705 0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685 0.0010013 165.75 180.77 0.5666 60 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.8287 0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260 0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.8234 80 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723 0.0010244 332.69 342.94 1.0691 0.0010221 331.59 346.92 1.0659 100 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 1.3034 0.0010385 416.23 426.62 1.2996 0.0010361 414.85 430.39 1.2958 120 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236 0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191 0.0010522 498.50 514.28 1.5148 140 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344 0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293 0.0010708 582.69 598.75 1.7243 160 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374 0.0010954 670.06 681.01 1.9316 0.0010920 667.63 684.01 1.9259 180 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338 0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271 0.0011160 753.58 770.32 2.1206 200 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 2.3251 0.0011482 844.32 855.80 2.3174 0.0011435 840.84 858.00 2.3100 220 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 2.5127 0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037 0.0011752 929.81 947.43 2.4951 240 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 2.6983 0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3 2.6876 0.0012121 1021.0 1039.2 2.6774 260 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 2.8841 0.0012653 1121.6 1134.3 2.8710 0.0012560 1115.1 1134.0 2.8586 280 0.0013226 1221.8 1235.0 3.0565 0.0013096 1213.4 1233.0 3.0410 300 0.0013980 1329.4 1343.3 3.2488 0.0013783 1317.6 1338.3 3.2279 320 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 3.4263 340 0.0016311 1567.9 1592.4 3.6555 P
20 MPa (365.75C) P
30 MPa P
50 MPa Sat. 0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6 4.0146 0 0.0009904 0.23 20.03 0.0005 0.0009857 0.29 29.86 0.0003 0.0009767 0.29 49.13 0.0010 20 0.0009929 82.71 102.57 0.2921 0.0009886 82.11 111.77 0.2897 0.0009805 80.93 129.95 0.2845 40 0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.5646 0.0009951 164.05 193.90 0.5607 0.0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528 60 0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.8208 0.0010042 246.14 276.26 0.8156 0.0009962 243.08 292.88 0.8055 80 0.0010199 330.50 350.90 1.0627 0.0010155 328.40 358.86 1.0564 0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442 100 0.0010337 413.50 434.17 1.2920 0.0010290 410.87 441.74 1.2847 0.0010201 405.94 456.94 1.2705 120 0.0010496 496.85 517.84 1.5105 0.0010445 493.66 525.00 1.5020 0.0010349 487.69 539.43 1.4859 140 0.0010679 580.71 602.07 1.7194 0.0010623 576.90 608.76 1.7098 0.0010517 569.77 622.36 1.6916 160 0.0010886 665.28 687.05 1.9203 0.0010823 660.74 693.21 1.9094 0.0010704 652.33 705.85 1.8889 180 0.0011122 750.78 773.02 2.1143 0.0011049 745.40 778.55 2.1020 0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790 200 0.0011390 837.49 860.27 2.3027 0.0011304 831.11 865.02 2.2888 0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628 220 0.0011697 925.77 949.16 2.4867 0.0011595 918.15 952.93 2.4707 0.0011412 904.39 961.45 2.4414 240 0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2 2.6676 0.0011927 1006.9 1042.7 2.6491 0.0011708 990.55 1049.1 2.6156 260 0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0 2.8469 0.0012314 1097.8 1134.7 2.8250 0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4 2.7864 280 0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5 3.0265 0.0012770 1191.5 1229.8 3.0001 0.0012430 1167.7 1229.9 2.9547 300 0.0013611 1307.2 1334.4 3.2091 0.0013322 1288.9 1328.9 3.1761 0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0 3.1218 320 0.0014450 1416.6 1445.5 3.3996 0.0014014 1391.7 1433.7 3.3558 0.0013409 1354.3 1421.4 3.2888 340 0.0015693 1540.2 1571.6 3.6086 0.0014932 1502.4 1547.1 3.5438 0.0014049 1452.9 1523.1 3.4575 360 0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1 3.8787 0.0016276 1626.8 1675.6 3.7499 0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7 3.6301 380 0.0018729 1782.0 1838.2 4.0026 0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5 3.8102 898 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 898 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net Apéndice 1 | 899 TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Temp., sat., sat, sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., T °C Psat kPa vi vg ui uig ug hi hig hg si sig sg 0.01 0.61169 0.001091 205.99 333.40 2707.9 2374.5 333.40 2833.9 2500.5 1.2202 10.374 9.154 0 0.61115 0.001091 206.17 333.43 2707.9 2374.5 333.43 2833.9 2500.5 1.2204 10.375 9.154 2 0.51772 0.001091 241.62 337.63 2709.4 2371.8 337.63 2834.5 2496.8 1.2358 10.453 9.218 4 0.43748 0.001090 283.84 341.80 2710.8 2369.0 341.80 2835.0 2493.2 1.2513 10.533 9.282 6 0.36873 0.001090 334.27 345.94 2712.2 2366.2 345.93 2835.4 2489.5 1.2667 10.613 9.347 8 0.30998 0.001090 394.66 350.04 2713.5 2363.5 350.04 2835.8 2485.8 1.2821 10.695 9.413 10 0.25990 0.001089 467.17 354.12 2714.8 2360.7 354.12 2836.2 2482.1 1.2976 10.778 9.480 12 0.21732 0.001089 554.47 358.17 2716.1 2357.9 358.17 2836.6 2478.4 1.3130 10.862 9.549 14 0.18121 0.001088 659.88 362.18 2717.3 2355.2 362.18 2836.9 2474.7 1.3284 10.947 9.618 16 0.15068 0.001088 787.51 366.17 2718.6 2352.4 366.17 2837.2 2471.0 1.3439 11.033 9.689 18 0.12492 0.001088 942.51 370.13 2719.7 2349.6 370.13 2837.5 2467.3 1.3593 11.121 9.761 20 0.10326 0.001087 1131.3 374.06 2720.9 2346.8 374.06 2837.7 2463.6 1.3748 11.209 9.835 22 0.08510 0.001087 1362.0 377.95 2722.0 2344.1 377.95 2837.9 2459.9 1.3903 11.300 9.909 24 0.06991 0.001087 1644.7 381.82 2723.1 2341.3 381.82 2838.1 2456.2 1.4057 11.391 9.985 26 0.05725 0.001087 1992.2 385.66 2724.2 2338.5 385.66 2838.2 2452.5 1.4212 11.484 10.063 28 0.04673 0.001086 2421.0 389.47 2725.2 2335.7 389.47 2838.3 2448.8 1.4367 11.578 10.141 30 0.03802 0.001086 2951.7 393.25 2726.2 2332.9 393.25 2838.4 2445.1 1.4521 11.673 10.221 32 0.03082 0.001086 3610.9 397.00 2727.2 2330.2 397.00 2838.4 2441.4 1.4676 11.770 10.303 34 0.02490 0.001085 4432.4 400.72 2728.1 2327.4 400.72 2838.5 2437.7 1.4831 11.869 10.386 36 0.02004 0.001085 5460.1 404.40 2729.0 2324.6 404.40 2838.4 2434.0 1.4986 11.969 10.470 38 0.01608 0.001085 6750.5 408.07 2729.9 2321.8 408.07 2838.4 2430.3 1.5141 12.071 10.557 40 0.01285 0.001084 8376.7 411.70 2730.7 2319.0 411.70 2838.3 2426.6 1.5296 12.174 10.644 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 899 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net 900 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70 0 80 0 90 0 10 00 11 00 12 00 12 00 11 00 10 00 80 0 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 E nt ro pí a, k J/ kg · K 3 2 1 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 90 0 Temperatura, °C 28 00 28 00 hh = 2 65 0 kJ /k g = 2 65 0 kJ /k g 26 50 26 50 25 50 25 50 29 00 29 00 30 00 30 00 31 00 31 00 32 00 32 00 33 00 33 00 34 00 34 00 35 00 35 00 36 00 36 00 37 00 37 00 38 00 38 00 39 00 39 00 40 00 40 00 41 00 41 00 42 00 42 00 43 00 43 00 44 00 44 00 45 00 45 00 46 00 46 00 47 00 47 00 48 00 48 00 49 00 49 00 50 00 50 00 h = 5 00 0 kJ /k g h = 5 00 0 kJ /k g P = 30 000 bar 5500 50 00 300 k g/m3 100 k g/m3 30 kg /m3 10 kg /m3 3 kg/ m3 1 kg/ m3 0.3 k g/m3 0.1 k g/m3 0.03 kg/ m3 200 00 150 00 10 000 8 000 600 0 500 0 15 00 1 00 0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 0 30 0 25 0 20 0 15 0 1 00 8 0 6 0 40 80 % 70 % 60% 50% 40% 30 % 20 % 30 20 15 10 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 5 0.1 0.0 8 0 .06 0.0 4 0 .03 0.0 2 0 .01 5 0.0 08 0.0 06 0. 00 4 0.0 03 0 .00 2 20 00 300 0 400 0 1000 1 200 140 0 1 60 0 h = h = h = 28 00 h = 2 60 0 kJ /k g 26 50 25 50 29 00 30 00 31 00 32 00 33 00 34 00 35 00 36 00 37 00 38 00 39 00 40 00 41 00 42 00 43 00 44 00 45 00 46 00 47 00 48 00 49 00 50 00 h = 5 00 0 kJ /k g Den sidad = kg /m3 Den sida d = 0.01 kg/ m3 600 200 h = 400 kJ/ kg 800 1 80 0 2 00 0 22 00 24 00 h = 26 00 k J/ kg G ar an tía = 90 % C al id ad = 90 % Ca lid ad = 1 0% Lí qu id o sa tu ra do 4 50 0 4 00 0 3 80 0 3 60 0 3 40 0 Va po r s atu ra do 3 20 0 2 80 0 26 00 24 00 2 00 0 1 80 0 1 60 0 1 40 0 1 20 0 1 00 0 h = 22 00 k J/ kg 3 00 0 h = 4 20 0 kJ /k g FI GU RA A -9 D ia gr am a T- s pa ra e l a gu a. C op yr ig ht © 19 84 . D e N B S/ N R C S te am T ab le s/ 1 po r L es te r H aa r, Jo hn S . G al la gh er y G eo rg e S. K el l. R ep ro du ci do c on p er m is o de R ou tl ed ge /T ay lo r & F ra nc is B oo ks , In c. TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 900 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 20 572.07 0.0008161 0.035969 78.86 162.16 241.02 79.32 182.27 261.59 0.30063 0.62172 0.92234 22 608.27 0.0008210 0.033828 81.64 160.42 242.06 82.14 180.49 262.64 0.31011 0.61149 0.92160 24 646.18 0.0008261 0.031834 84.44 158.65 243.10 84.98 178.69 263.67 0.31958 0.60130 0.92088 26 685.84 0.0008313 0.029976 87.26 156.87 244.12 87.83 176.85 264.68 0.32903 0.59115 0.92018 28 727.31 0.0008366 0.028242 90.09 155.05 245.14 90.69 174.99 265.68 0.33846 0.58102 0.91948 30 770.64 0.0008421 0.026622 92.93 153.22 246.14 93.58 173.08 266.66 0.34789 0.57091 0.91879 32 815.89 0.0008478 0.025108 95.79 151.35 247.14 96.48 171.14 267.62 0.35730 0.56082 0.91811 34 863.11 0.0008536 0.023691 98.66 149.46 248.12 99.40 169.17 268.57 0.36670 0.55074 0.91743 36 912.35 0.0008595 0.022364 101.55 147.54 249.08 102.33 167.16 269.49 0.37609 0.54066 0.91675 38 963.68 0.0008657 0.021119 104.45 145.58 250.04 105.29 165.10 270.39 0.38548 0.53058 0.91606 40 1017.1 0.0008720 0.019952 107.38 143.60 250.97 108.26 163.00 271.27 0.39486 0.52049 0.91536 42 1072.8 0.0008786 0.018855 110.32 141.58 251.89 111.26 160.86 272.12 0.40425 0.51039 0.91464 44 1130.7 0.0008854 0.017824 113.28 139.52 252.80 114.28 158.67 272.95 0.41363 0.50027 0.91391 46 1191.0 0.0008924 0.016853 116.26 137.42 253.68 117.32 156.43 273.75 0.42302 0.49012 0.91315 48 1253.6 0.0008996 0.015939 119.26 135.29 254.55 120.39 154.14 274.53 0.43242 0.47993 0.91236 52 1386.2 0.0009150 0.014265 125.33 130.88 256.21 126.59 149.39 275.98 0.45126 0.45941 0.91067 56 1529.1 0.0009317 0.012771 131.49 126.28 257.77 132.91 144.38 277.30 0.47018 0.43863 0.90880 60 1682.8 0.0009498 0.011434 137.76 121.46 259.22 139.36 139.10 278.46 0.48920 0.41749 0.90669 65 1891.0 0.0009750 0.009950 145.77 115.05 260.82 147.62 132.02 279.64 0.51320 0.39039 0.90359 70 2118.2 0.0010037 0.008642 154.01 108.14 262.15 156.13 124.32 280.46 0.53755 0.36227 0.89982 75 2365.8 0.0010372 0.007480 162.53 100.60 263.13 164.98 115.85 280.82 0.56241 0.33272 0.89512 80 2635.3 0.0010772 0.006436 171.40 92.23 263.63 174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912 85 2928.2 0.0011270 0.005486 180.77 82.67 263.44 184.07 95.44 279.51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117 90 3246.9 0.0011932 0.004599 190.89 71.29 262.18 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010 95 3594.1 0.0012933 0.003726 202.40 56.47 258.87 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289 100 3975.1 0.0015269 0.002630 218.72 29.19 247.91 224.79 33.58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215 Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F). Apéndice 1 | 903 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 903 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 60 36.95 0.0007098 0.31121 3.798 205.32 209.12 3.841 223.95 227.79 0.01634 0.94807 0.96441 70 33.87 0.0007144 0.26929 7.680 203.20 210.88 7.730 222.00 229.73 0.03267 0.92775 0.96042 80 31.13 0.0007185 0.23753 11.15 201.30 212.46 11.21 220.25 231.46 0.04711 0.90999 0.95710 90 28.65 0.0007223 0.21263 14.31 199.57 213.88 14.37 218.65 233.02 0.06008 0.89419 0.95427 100 26.37 0.0007259 0.19254 17.21 197.98 215.19 17.28 217.16 234.44 0.07188 0.87995 0.95183 120 22.32 0.0007324 0.16212 22.40 195.11 217.51 22.49 214.48 236.97 0.09275 0.85503 0.94779 140 18.77 0.0007383 0.14014 26.98 192.57 219.54 27.08 212.08 239.16 0.11087 0.83368 0.94456 160 15.60 0.0007437 0.12348 31.09 190.27 221.35 31.21 209.90 241.11 0.12693 0.81496 0.94190 180 12.73 0.0007487 0.11041 34.83 188.16 222.99 34.97 207.90 242.86 0.14139 0.79826 0.93965 200 10.09 0.0007533 0.099867 38.28 186.21 224.48 38.43 206.03 244.46 0.15457 0.78316 0.93773 240 5.38 0.0007620 0.083897 44.48 182.67 227.14 44.66 202.62 247.28 0.17794 0.75664 0.93458 280 1.25 0.0007699 0.072352 49.97 179.50 229.46 50.18 199.54 249.72 0.19829 0.73381 0.93210 320 2.46 0.0007772 0.063604 54.92 176.61 231.52 55.16 196.71 251.88 0.21637 0.71369 0.93006 360 5.82 0.0007841 0.056738 59.44 173.94 233.38 59.72 194.08 253.81 0.23270 0.69566 0.92836 400 8.91 0.0007907 0.051201 63.62 171.45 235.07 63.94 191.62 255.55 0.24761 0.67929 0.92691 450 12.46 0.0007985 0.045619 68.45 168.54 237.00 68.81 188.71 257.53 0.26465 0.66069 0.92535 500 15.71 0.0008059 0.041118 72.93 165.82 238.75 73.33 185.98 259.30 0.28023 0.64377 0.92400 550 18.73 0.0008130 0.037408 77.10 163.25 240.35 77.54 183.38 260.92 0.29461 0.62821 0.92282 600 21.55 0.0008199 0.034295 81.02 160.81 241.83 81.51 180.90 262.40 0.30799 0.61378 0.92177 650 24.20 0.0008266 0.031646 84.72 158.48 243.20 85.26 178.51 263.77 0.32051 0.60030 0.92081 700 26.69 0.0008331 0.029361 88.24 156.24 244.48 88.82 176.21 265.03 0.33230 0.58763 0.91994 750 29.06 0.0008395 0.027371 91.59 154.08 245.67 92.22 173.98 266.20 0.34345 0.57567 0.91912 800 31.31 0.0008458 0.025621 94.79 152.00 246.79 95.47 171.82 267.29 0.35404 0.56431 0.91835 850 33.45 0.0008520 0.024069 97.87 149.98 247.85 98.60 169.71 268.31 0.36413 0.55349 0.91762 900 35.51 0.0008580 0.022683 100.83 148.01 248.85 101.61 167.66 269.26 0.37377 0.54315 0.91692 950 37.48 0.0008641 0.021438 103.69 146.10 249.79 104.51 165.64 270.15 0.38301 0.53323 0.91624 1000 39.37 0.0008700 0.020313 106.45 144.23 250.68 107.32 163.67 270.99 0.39189 0.52368 0.91558 1200 46.29 0.0008934 0.016715 116.70 137.11 253.81 117.77 156.10 273.87 0.42441 0.48863 0.91303 1400 52.40 0.0009166 0.014107 125.94 130.43 256.37 127.22 148.90 276.12 0.45315 0.45734 0.91050 1600 57.88 0.0009400 0.012123 134.43 124.04 258.47 135.93 141.93 277.86 0.47911 0.42873 0.90784 1800 62.87 0.0009639 0.010559 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 0.50294 0.40204 0.90498 2000 67.45 0.0009886 0.009288 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 0.52509 0.37675 0.90184 2500 77.54 0.0010566 0.006936 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280.79 0.57531 0.31695 0.89226 3000 86.16 0.0011406 0.005275 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92.63 279.09 0.62118 0.25776 0.87894 904 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 904 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P
0.06 MPa (Tsat
36.95°C) P
0.10 MPa (Tsat
26.37°C) P
0.14 MPa (Tsat
18.77°C) Sat. 0.31121 209.12 227.79 0.9644 0.19254 215.19 234.44 0.9518 0.14014 219.54 239.16 0.9446 20 0.33608 220.60 240.76 1.0174 0.19841 219.66 239.50 0.9721 10 0.35048 227.55 248.58 1.0477 0.20743 226.75 247.49 1.0030 0.14605 225.91 246.36 0.9724 0 0.36476 234.66 256.54 1.0774 0.21630 233.95 255.58 1.0332 0.15263 233.23 254.60 1.0031 10 0.37893 241.92 264.66 1.1066 0.22506 241.30 263.81 1.0628 0.15908 240.66 262.93 1.0331 20 0.39302 249.35 272.94 1.1353 0.23373 248.79 272.17 1.0918 0.16544 248.22 271.38 1.0624 30 0.40705 256.95 281.37 1.1636 0.24233 256.44 280.68 1.1203 0.17172 255.93 279.97 1.0912 40 0.42102 264.71 289.97 1.1915 0.25088 264.25 289.34 1.1484 0.17794 263.79 288.70 1.1195 50 0.43495 272.64 298.74 1.2191 0.25937 272.22 298.16 1.1762 0.18412 271.79 297.57 1.1474 60 0.44883 280.73 307.66 1.2463 0.26783 280.35 307.13 1.2035 0.19025 279.96 306.59 1.1749 70 0.46269 288.99 316.75 1.2732 0.27626 288.64 316.26 1.2305 0.19635 288.28 315.77 1.2020 80 0.47651 297.41 326.00 1.2997 0.28465 297.08 325.55 1.2572 0.20242 296.75 325.09 1.2288 90 0.49032 306.00 335.42 1.3260 0.29303 305.69 334.99 1.2836 0.20847 305.38 334.57 1.2553 100 0.50410 314.74 344.99 1.3520 0.30138 314.46 344.60 1.3096 0.21449 314.17 344.20 1.2814 P
0.18 MPa (Tsat
12.73°C) P
0.20 MPa (Tsat
10.09°C) P
0.24 MPa (Tsat
5.38°C) Sat. 0.11041 222.99 242.86 0.9397 0.09987 224.48 244.46 0.9377 0.08390 227.14 247.28 0.9346 10 0.11189 225.02 245.16 0.9484 0.09991 224.55 244.54 0.9380 0 0.11722 232.48 253.58 0.9798 0.10481 232.09 253.05 0.9698 0.08617 231.29 251.97 0.9519 10 0.12240 240.00 262.04 1.0102 0.10955 239.67 261.58 1.0004 0.09026 238.98 260.65 0.9831 20 0.12748 247.64 270.59 1.0399 0.11418 247.35 270.18 1.0303 0.09423 246.74 269.36 1.0134 30 0.13248 255.41 279.25 1.0690 0.11874 255.14 278.89 1.0595 0.09812 254.61 278.16 1.0429 40 0.13741 263.31 288.05 1.0975 0.12322 263.08 287.72 1.0882 0.10193 262.59 287.06 1.0718 50 0.14230 271.36 296.98 1.1256 0.12766 271.15 296.68 1.1163 0.10570 270.71 296.08 1.1001 60 0.14715 279.56 306.05 1.1532 0.13206 279.37 305.78 1.1441 0.10942 278.97 305.23 1.1280 70 0.15196 287.91 315.27 1.1805 0.13641 287.73 315.01 1.1714 0.11310 287.36 314.51 1.1554 80 0.15673 296.42 324.63 1.2074 0.14074 296.25 324.40 1.1983 0.11675 295.91 323.93 1.1825 90 0.16149 305.07 334.14 1.2339 0.14504 304.92 333.93 1.2249 0.12038 304.60 333.49 1.2092 100 0.16622 313.88 343.80 1.2602 0.14933 313.74 343.60 1.2512 0.12398 313.44 343.20 1.2356 P
0.28 MPa (Tsat
1.25°C) P
0.32 MPa (Tsat
2.46°C) P
0.40 MPa (Tsat
8.91°C) Sat. 0.07235 229.46 249.72 0.9321 0.06360 231.52 251.88 0.9301 0.051201 235.07 255.55 0.9269 0 0.07282 230.44 250.83 0.9362 10 0.07646 238.27 259.68 0.9680 0.06609 237.54 258.69 0.9544 0.051506 235.97 256.58 0.9305 20 0.07997 246.13 268.52 0.9987 0.06925 245.50 267.66 0.9856 0.054213 244.18 265.86 0.9628 30 0.08338 254.06 277.41 1.0285 0.07231 253.50 276.65 1.0157 0.056796 252.36 275.07 0.9937 40 0.08672 262.10 286.38 1.0576 0.07530 261.60 285.70 1.0451 0.059292 260.58 284.30 1.0236 50 0.09000 270.27 295.47 1.0862 0.07823 269.82 294.85 1.0739 0.061724 268.90 293.59 1.0528 60 0.09324 278.56 304.67 1.1142 0.08111 278.15 304.11 1.1021 0.064104 277.32 302.96 1.0814 70 0.09644 286.99 314.00 1.1418 0.08395 286.62 313.48 1.1298 0.066443 285.86 312.44 1.1094 80 0.09961 295.57 323.46 1.1690 0.08675 295.22 322.98 1.1571 0.068747 294.53 322.02 1.1369 90 0.10275 304.29 333.06 1.1958 0.08953 303.97 332.62 1.1840 0.071023 303.32 331.73 1.1640 100 0.10587 313.15 342.80 1.2222 0.09229 312.86 342.39 1.2105 0.073274 312.26 341.57 1.1907 110 0.10897 322.16 352.68 1.2483 0.09503 321.89 352.30 1.2367 0.075504 321.33 351.53 1.2171 120 0.11205 331.32 362.70 1.2742 0.09775 331.07 362.35 1.2626 0.077717 330.55 361.63 1.2431 130 0.11512 340.63 372.87 1.2997 0.10045 340.39 372.54 1.2882 0.079913 339.90 371.87 1.2688 140 0.11818 350.09 383.18 1.3250 0.10314 349.86 382.87 1.3135 0.082096 349.41 382.24 1.2942 Apéndice 1 | 905 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 905 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net FIGURA A-15 Gráfica generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert. Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin. 908 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) 1.00 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R P v — – R T FA C T O R D E C O M PR E SI B IL ID A D , Z = 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 a) Presiones bajas, 0 < PR < 1.0 T R = 1.0 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.60 2.00 3.00 T R = 5.00 0.60 0.60 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 v R = 0. 7 2.00 2.2 0 2.40 2.60 3 .00 3.50 4 .00 5 .00 6.00 8.00 2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.05 1.10 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.90 0.95Z P R 0.70 30 20 15 12 10 vr R GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT Gráfica núm. 1 VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, P —– Pcr PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R = TR = 2.5 Z 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00 TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, T —– Tcr T R = v ––—––– RTcr / Pcr v R = 1953 NOTA ---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0% GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT Gráfica Núm. 2 VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, P —– Pcr PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R = TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, T —– Tcr T R = v —– RTcr / Pcr v R = 1953T R = 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.80 2.00 3.50 2.50 T R = 5.00 v R = 0 .20 0. 25 0.3 0 0 .35 0 .40 0.4 5 v R = 0.5 0 0.6 0 0. 70 0.8 0 0.9 0 1.0 0 1.2 0 1.4 0 1.6 0 3. 00 2.0 0 3. 00 5 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R P v — – R T FA C T O R D E C O M PR E SI B IL ID A D , Z = b) Presiones intermedias, 0 < P R < 7 0.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.51.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 0.750.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.60 0.65 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 908 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Velocidad Conductivi- Altitud, Temperatura, Presión, Gravedad del sonido, Densidad, Viscosidad dad térmica, m °C kPa g, m/s2 m/s kg/m3 m, kg/m · s W/m · K 0 15.00 101.33 9.807 340.3 1.225 1.789  105 0.0253 200 13.70 98.95 9.806 339.5 1.202 1.783  105 0.0252 400 12.40 96.61 9.805 338.8 1.179 1.777  105 0.0252 600 11.10 94.32 9.805 338.0 1.156 1.771  105 0.0251 800 9.80 92.08 9.804 337.2 1.134 1.764  105 0.0250 1000 8.50 89.88 9.804 336.4 1.112 1.758  105 0.0249 1200 7.20 87.72 9.803 335.7 1.090 1.752  105 0.0248 1400 5.90 85.60 9.802 334.9 1.069 1.745  105 0.0247 1600 4.60 83.53 9.802 334.1 1.048 1.739  105 0.0245 1800 3.30 81.49 9.801 333.3 1.027 1.732  105 0.0244 2000 2.00 79.50 9.800 332.5 1.007 1.726  105 0.0243 2200 0.70 77.55 9.800 331.7 0.987 1.720  105 0.0242 2400 0.59 75.63 9.799 331.0 0.967 1.713  105 0.0241 2600 1.89 73.76 9.799 330.2 0.947 1.707  105 0.0240 2800 3.19 71.92 9.798 329.4 0.928 1.700  105 0.0239 3000 4.49 70.12 9.797 328.6 0.909 1.694  105 0.0238 3200 5.79 68.36 9.797 327.8 0.891 1.687  105 0.0237 3400 7.09 66.63 9.796 327.0 0.872 1.681  105 0.0236 3600 8.39 64.94 9.796 326.2 0.854 1.674  105 0.0235 3800 9.69 63.28 9.795 325.4 0.837 1.668  105 0.0234 4000 10.98 61.66 9.794 324.6 0.819 1.661  105 0.0233 4200 12.3 60.07 9.794 323.8 0.802 1.655  105 0.0232 4400 13.6 58.52 9.793 323.0 0.785 1.648  105 0.0231 4600 14.9 57.00 9.793 322.2 0.769 1.642  105 0.0230 4800 16.2 55.51 9.792 321.4 0.752 1.635  105 0.0229 5000 17.5 54.05 9.791 320.5 0.736 1.628  105 0.0228 5200 18.8 52.62 9.791 319.7 0.721 1.622  105 0.0227 5400 20.1 51.23 9.790 318.9 0.705 1.615  105 0.0226 5600 21.4 49.86 9.789 318.1 0.690 1.608  105 0.0224 5800 22.7 48.52 9.785 317.3 0.675 1.602  105 0.0223 6000 24.0 47.22 9.788 316.5 0.660 1.595  105 0.0222 6200 25.3 45.94 9.788 315.6 0.646 1.588  105 0.0221 6400 26.6 44.69 9.787 314.8 0.631 1.582  105 0.0220 6600 27.9 43.47 9.786 314.0 0.617 1.575  105 0.0219 6800 29.2 42.27 9.785 313.1 0.604 1.568  105 0.0218 7000 30.5 41.11 9.785 312.3 0.590 1.561  105 0.0217 8000 36.9 35.65 9.782 308.1 0.526 1.527  105 0.0212 9000 43.4 30.80 9.779 303.8 0.467 1.493  105 0.0206 10,000 49.9 26.50 9.776 299.5 0.414 1.458  105 0.0201 12,000 56.5 19.40 9.770 295.1 0.312 1.422  105 0.0195 14,000 56.5 14.17 9.764 295.1 0.228 1.422  105 0.0195 16,000 56.5 10.53 9.758 295.1 0.166 1.422  105 0.0195 18,000 56.5 7.57 9.751 295.1 0.122 1.422  105 0.0195 Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m3, g = 9.80665 m2/s . Apéndice 1 | 909 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 909 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T h u s° T h u s° K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K K kJ/kg Pr kJ/kg vr kJ/kg · K 200 199.97 0.3363 142.56 1707.0 1.29559 580 586.04 14.38 419.55 115.7 2.37348 210 209.97 0.3987 149.69 1512.0 1.34444 590 596.52 15.31 427.15 110.6 2.39140 220 219.97 0.4690 156.82 1346.0 1.39105 600 607.02 16.28 434.78 105.8 2.40902 230 230.02 0.5477 164.00 1205.0 1.43557 610 617.53 17.30 442.42 101.2 2.42644 240 240.02 0.6355 171.13 1084.0 1.47824 620 628.07 18.36 450.09 96.92 2.44356 250 250.05 0.7329 178.28 979.0 1.51917 630 638.63 19.84 457.78 92.84 2.46048 260 260.09 0.8405 185.45 887.8 1.55848 640 649.22 20.64 465.50 88.99 2.47716 270 270.11 0.9590 192.60 808.0 1.59634 650 659.84 21.86 473.25 85.34 2.49364 280 280.13 1.0889 199.75 738.0 1.63279 660 670.47 23.13 481.01 81.89 2.50985 285 285.14 1.1584 203.33 706.1 1.65055 670 681.14 24.46 488.81 78.61 2.52589 290 290.16 1.2311 206.91 676.1 1.66802 680 691.82 25.85 496.62 75.50 2.54175 295 295.17 1.3068 210.49 647.9 1.68515 690 702.52 27.29 504.45 72.56 2.55731 298 298.18 1.3543 212.64 631.9 1.69528 700 713.27 28.80 512.33 69.76 2.57277 300 300.19 1.3860 214.07 621.2 1.70203 710 724.04 30.38 520.23 67.07 2.58810 305 305.22 1.4686 217.67 596.0 1.71865 720 734.82 32.02 528.14 64.53 2.60319 310 310.24 1.5546 221.25 572.3 1.73498 730 745.62 33.72 536.07 62.13 2.61803 315 315.27 1.6442 224.85 549.8 1.75106 740 756.44 35.50 544.02 59.82 2.63280 320 320.29 1.7375 228.42 528.6 1.76690 750 767.29 37.35 551.99 57.63 2.64737 325 325.31 1.8345 232.02 508.4 1.78249 760 778.18 39.27 560.01 55.54 2.66176 330 330.34 1.9352 235.61 489.4 1.79783 780 800.03 43.35 576.12 51.64 2.69013 340 340.42 2.149 242.82 454.1 1.82790 800 821.95 47.75 592.30 48.08 2.71787 350 350.49 2.379 250.02 422.2 1.85708 820 843.98 52.59 608.59 44.84 2.74504 360 360.58 2.626 257.24 393.4 1.88543 840 866.08 57.60 624.95 41.85 2.77170 370 370.67 2.892 264.46 367.2 1.91313 860 888.27 63.09 641.40 39.12 2.79783 380 380.77 3.176 271.69 343.4 1.94001 880 910.56 68.98 657.95 36.61 2.82344 390 390.88 3.481 278.93 321.5 1.96633 900 932.93 75.29 674.58 34.31 2.84856 400 400.98 3.806 286.16 301.6 1.99194 920 955.38 82.05 691.28 32.18 2.87324 410 411.12 4.153 293.43 283.3 2.01699 940 977.92 89.28 708.08 30.22 2.89748 420 421.26 4.522 300.69 266.6 2.04142 960 1000.55 97.00 725.02 28.40 2.92128 430 431.43 4.915 307.99 251.1 2.06533 980 1023.25 105.2 741.98 26.73 2.94468 440 441.61 5.332 315.30 236.8 2.08870 1000 1046.04 114.0 758.94 25.17 2.96770 450 451.80 5.775 322.62 223.6 2.11161 1020 1068.89 123.4 776.10 23.72 2.99034 460 462.02 6.245 329.97 211.4 2.13407 1040 1091.85 133.3 793.36 23.29 3.01260 470 472.24 6.742 337.32 200.1 2.15604 1060 1114.86 143.9 810.62 21.14 3.03449 480 482.49 7.268 344.70 189.5 2.17760 1080 1137.89 155.2 827.88 19.98 3.05608 490 492.74 7.824 352.08 179.7 2.19876 1100 1161.07 167.1 845.33 18.896 3.07732 500 503.02 8.411 359.49 170.6 2.21952 1120 1184.28 179.7 862.79 17.886 3.09825 510 513.32 9.031 366.92 162.1 2.23993 1140 1207.57 193.1 880.35 16.946 3.11883 520 523.63 9.684 374.36 154.1 2.25997 1160 1230.92 207.2 897.91 16.064 3.13916 530 533.98 10.37 381.84 146.7 2.27967 1180 1254.34 222.2 915.57 15.241 3.15916 540 544.35 11.10 389.34 139.7 2.29906 1200 1277.79 238.0 933.33 14.470 3.17888 550 555.74 11.86 396.86 133.1 2.31809 1220 1301.31 254.7 951.09 13.747 3.19834 560 565.17 12.66 404.42 127.0 2.33685 1240 1324.93 272.3 968.95 13.069 3.21751 570 575.59 13.50 411.97 121.2 2.35531 910 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 910 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 30,129 21,815 228.057 1760 56,227 41,594 247.396 1020 30,784 22,304 228.706 1780 56,938 42,139 247.798 1040 31,442 22,795 229.344 1800 57,651 42,685 248.195 1060 32,101 23,288 229.973 1820 58,363 43,231 248.589 1080 32,762 23,782 230.591 1840 59,075 43,777 248.979 1100 33,426 24,280 231.199 1860 59,790 44,324 249.365 1120 34,092 24,780 231.799 1880 60,504 44,873 249.748 1140 34,760 25,282 232.391 1900 61,220 45,423 250.128 1160 35,430 25,786 232.973 1920 61,936 45,973 250.502 1180 36,104 26,291 233.549 1940 62,654 46,524 250.874 1200 36,777 26,799 234.115 1960 63,381 47,075 251.242 1220 37,452 27,308 234.673 1980 64,090 47,627 251.607 1240 38,129 27,819 235.223 2000 64,810 48,181 251.969 1260 38,807 28,331 235.766 2050 66,612 49,567 252.858 1280 39,488 28,845 236.302 2100 68,417 50,957 253.726 1300 40,170 29,361 236.831 2150 70,226 52,351 254.578 1320 40,853 29,378 237.353 2200 72,040 53,749 255.412 1340 41,539 30,398 237.867 2250 73,856 55,149 256.227 1360 42,227 30,919 238.376 2300 75,676 56,553 257.027 1380 42,915 31,441 238.878 2350 77,496 57,958 257.810 1400 43,605 31,964 239.375 2400 79,320 59,366 258.580 1420 44,295 32,489 239.865 2450 81,149 60,779 259.332 1440 44,988 33,014 240.350 2500 82,981 62,195 260.073 1460 45,682 33,543 240.827 2550 84,814 63,613 260.799 1480 46,377 34,071 241.301 2600 86,650 65,033 261.512 1500 47,073 34,601 241.768 2650 88,488 66,455 262.213 1520 47,771 35,133 242.228 2700 90,328 67,880 262.902 1540 48,470 35,665 242.685 2750 92,171 69,306 263.577 1560 49,168 36,197 243.137 2800 94,014 70,734 264.241 1580 49,869 36,732 243.585 2850 95,859 72,163 264.895 1600 50,571 37,268 244.028 2900 97,705 73,593 265.538 1620 51,275 37,806 244.464 2950 99,556 75,028 266.170 1640 51,980 38,344 244.896 3000 101,407 76,464 266.793 1660 52,686 38,884 245.324 3050 103,260 77,902 267.404 1680 53,393 39,424 245.747 3100 105,115 79,341 268.007 1700 54,099 39,965 246.166 3150 106,972 80,782 268.601 1720 54,807 40,507 246.580 3200 108,830 82,224 269.186 1740 55,516 41,049 246.990 3250 110,690 83,668 269.763 Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971. Apéndice 1 | 913 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 913 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 600 17,929 12,940 226.346 220 6,404 4,575 196.171 610 18,250 13,178 226.877 230 6,694 4,782 197.461 620 18,572 13,417 227.400 240 6,984 4,989 198.696 630 18,895 13,657 227.918 250 7,275 5,197 199.885 640 19,219 13,898 228.429 260 7,566 5,405 201.027 650 19,544 14,140 228.932 270 7,858 5,613 202.128 660 19,870 14,383 229.430 280 8,150 5,822 203.191 670 20,197 14,626 229.920 290 8,443 6,032 204.218 680 20,524 14,871 230.405 298 8,682 6,203 205.033 690 20,854 15,116 230.885 300 8,736 6,242 205.213 700 21,184 15,364 231.358 310 9,030 6,453 206.177 710 21,514 15,611 231.827 320 9,325 6,664 207.112 720 21,845 15,859 232.291 330 9,620 6,877 208.020 730 22,177 16,107 232.748 340 9,916 7,090 208.904 740 22,510 16,357 233.201 350 10,213 7,303 209.765 750 22,844 16,607 233.649 360 10,511 7,518 210.604 760 23,178 16,859 234.091 370 10,809 7,733 211.423 770 23,513 17,111 234.528 380 11,109 7,949 212.222 780 23,850 17,364 234.960 390 11,409 8,166 213.002 790 24,186 17,618 235.387 400 11,711 8,384 213.765 800 24,523 17,872 235.810 410 12,012 8,603 214.510 810 24,861 18,126 236.230 420 12,314 8,822 215.241 820 25,199 18,382 236.644 430 12,618 9,043 215.955 830 25,537 18,637 237.055 440 12,923 9,264 216.656 840 25,877 18,893 237.462 450 13,228 9,487 217.342 850 26,218 19,150 237.864 460 13,525 9,710 218.016 860 26,559 19,408 238.264 470 13,842 9,935 218.676 870 26,899 19,666 238.660 480 14,151 10,160 219.326 880 27,242 19,925 239.051 490 14,460 10,386 219.963 890 27,584 20,185 239.439 500 14,770 10,614 220.589 900 27,928 20,445 239.823 510 15,082 10,842 221.206 910 28,272 20,706 240.203 520 15,395 11,071 221.812 920 28,616 20,967 240.580 530 15,708 11,301 222.409 930 28,960 21,228 240.953 540 16,022 11,533 222.997 940 29,306 21,491 241.323 550 16,338 11,765 223.576 950 29,652 21,754 241.689 560 16,654 11,998 224.146 960 29,999 22,017 242.052 570 16,971 12,232 224.708 970 30,345 22,280 242.411 580 17,290 12,467 225.262 980 30,692 22,544 242.768 590 17,609 12,703 225.808 990 31,041 22,809 242.120 914 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 914 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net Apéndice 1 | 915 TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 31,389 23,075 243.471 1760 58,880 44,247 263.861 1020 32,088 23,607 244.164 1780 59,624 44,825 264.283 1040 32,789 24,142 244.844 1800 60,371 45,405 264.701 1060 33,490 24,677 245.513 1820 61,118 45,986 265.113 1080 34,194 25,214 246.171 1840 61,866 46,568 265.521 1100 34,899 25,753 246.818 1860 62,616 47,151 265.925 1120 35,606 26,294 247.454 1880 63,365 47,734 266.326 1140 36,314 26,836 248.081 1900 64,116 48,319 266.722 1160 37,023 27,379 248.698 1920 64,868 48,904 267.115 1180 37,734 27,923 249.307 1940 65,620 49,490 267.505 1200 38,447 28,469 249.906 1960 66,374 50,078 267.891 1220 39,162 29,018 250.497 1980 67,127 50,665 268.275 1240 39,877 29,568 251.079 2000 67,881 51,253 268.655 1260 40,594 30,118 251.653 2050 69,772 52,727 269.588 1280 41,312 30,670 252.219 2100 71,668 54,208 270.504 1300 42,033 31,224 252.776 2150 73,573 55,697 271.399 1320 42,753 31,778 253.325 2200 75,484 57,192 272.278 1340 43,475 32,334 253.868 2250 77,397 58,690 273.136 1360 44,198 32,891 254.404 2300 79,316 60,193 273.891 1380 44,923 33,449 254.932 2350 81,243 61,704 274.809 1400 45,648 34,008 255.454 2400 83,174 63,219 275.625 1420 46,374 34,567 255.968 2450 85,112 64,742 276.424 1440 47,102 35,129 256.475 2500 87,057 66,271 277.207 1460 47,831 35,692 256.978 2550 89,004 67,802 277.979 1480 48,561 36,256 257.474 2600 90,956 69,339 278.738 1500 49,292 36,821 257.965 2650 92,916 70,883 279.485 1520 50,024 37,387 258.450 2700 94,881 72,433 280.219 1540 50,756 37,952 258.928 2750 96,852 73,987 280.942 1560 51,490 38,520 259.402 2800 98,826 75,546 281.654 1580 52,224 39,088 259.870 2850 100,808 77,112 282.357 1600 52,961 39,658 260.333 2900 102,793 78,682 283.048 1620 53,696 40,227 260.791 2950 104,785 80,258 283.728 1640 54,434 40,799 261.242 3000 106,780 81,837 284.399 1660 55,172 41,370 261.690 3050 108,778 83,419 285.060 1680 55,912 41,944 262.132 3100 110,784 85,009 285.713 1700 56,652 42,517 262.571 3150 112,795 86,601 286.355 1720 57,394 43,093 263.005 3200 114,809 88,203 286.989 1740 58,136 43,669 263.435 3250 116,827 89,804 287.614 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 915 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 600 17,611 12,622 218.204 220 6,391 4,562 188.683 610 17,915 12,843 218.708 230 6,683 4,771 189.980 620 18,221 13,066 219.205 240 6,975 4,979 191.221 630 18,527 13,289 219.695 250 7,266 5,188 192.411 640 18,833 13,512 220.179 260 7,558 5,396 193.554 650 19,141 13,736 220.656 270 7,849 5,604 194.654 660 19,449 13,962 221.127 280 8,140 5,812 195.713 670 19,758 14,187 221.592 290 8,432 6,020 196.735 680 20,068 14,414 222.052 298 8,669 6,190 197.543 690 20,378 14,641 222.505 300 8,723 6,229 197.723 700 20,690 14,870 222.953 310 9,014 6,437 198.678 710 21,002 15,099 223.396 320 9,306 6,645 199.603 720 21,315 15,328 223.833 330 9,597 6,854 200.500 730 21,628 15,558 224.265 340 9,889 7,062 201.371 740 21,943 15,789 224.692 350 10,181 7,271 202.217 750 22,258 16,022 225.115 360 10,473 7,480 203.040 760 22,573 16,255 225.533 370 10,765 7,689 203.842 770 22,890 16,488 225.947 380 11,058 7,899 204.622 780 23,208 16,723 226.357 390 11,351 8,108 205.383 790 23,526 16,957 226.762 400 11,644 8,319 206.125 800 23,844 17,193 227.162 410 11,938 8,529 206.850 810 24,164 17,429 227.559 420 12,232 8,740 207.549 820 24,483 17,665 227.952 430 12,526 8,951 208.252 830 24,803 17,902 228.339 440 12,821 9,163 208.929 840 25,124 18,140 228.724 450 13,116 9,375 209.593 850 25,446 18,379 229.106 460 13,412 9,587 210.243 860 25,768 18,617 229.482 470 13,708 9,800 210.880 870 26,091 18,858 229.856 480 14,005 10,014 211.504 880 26,415 19,099 230.227 490 14,302 10,228 212.117 890 26,740 19,341 230.593 500 14,600 10,443 212.719 900 27,066 19,583 230.957 510 14,898 10,658 213.310 910 27,392 19,826 231.317 520 15,197 10,874 213.890 920 27,719 20,070 231.674 530 15,497 11,090 214.460 930 28,046 20,314 232.028 540 15,797 11,307 215.020 940 28,375 20,559 232.379 550 16,097 11,524 215.572 950 28,703 20,805 232.727 560 16,399 11,743 216.115 960 29,033 21,051 233.072 570 16,701 11,961 216.649 970 29,362 21,298 233.413 580 17,003 12,181 217.175 980 29,693 21,545 233.752 590 17,307 12,401 217.693 990 30,024 21,793 234.088 918 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 918 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 30,355 22,041 234.421 1760 56,756 42,123 253.991 1020 31,020 22,540 235.079 1780 57,473 42,673 254.398 1040 31,688 23,041 235.728 1800 58,191 43,225 254.797 1060 32,357 23,544 236.364 1820 58,910 43,778 255.194 1080 33,029 24,049 236.992 1840 59,629 44,331 255.587 1100 33,702 24,557 237.609 1860 60,351 44,886 255.976 1120 34,377 25,065 238.217 1880 61,072 45,441 256.361 1140 35,054 25,575 238.817 1900 61,794 45,997 256.743 1160 35,733 26,088 239.407 1920 62,516 46,552 257.122 1180 36,406 26,602 239.989 1940 63,238 47,108 257.497 1200 37,095 27,118 240.663 1960 63,961 47,665 257.868 1220 37,780 27,637 241.128 1980 64,684 48,221 258.236 1240 38,466 28,426 241.686 2000 65,408 48,780 258.600 1260 39,154 28,678 242.236 2050 67,224 50,179 259.494 1280 39,844 29,201 242.780 2100 69,044 51,584 260.370 1300 40,534 29,725 243.316 2150 70,864 52,988 261.226 1320 41,226 30,251 243.844 2200 72,688 54,396 262.065 1340 41,919 30,778 244.366 2250 74,516 55,809 262.887 1360 42,613 31,306 244.880 2300 76,345 57,222 263.692 1380 43,309 31,836 245.388 2350 78,178 58,640 264.480 1400 44,007 32,367 245.889 2400 80,015 60,060 265.253 1420 44,707 32,900 246.385 2450 81,852 61,482 266.012 1440 45,408 33,434 246.876 2500 83,692 62,906 266.755 1460 46,110 33,971 247.360 2550 85,537 64,335 267.485 1480 46,813 34,508 247.839 2600 87,383 65,766 268.202 1500 47,517 35,046 248.312 2650 89,230 67,197 268.905 1520 48,222 35,584 248.778 2700 91,077 68,628 269.596 1540 48,928 36,124 249.240 2750 92,930 70,066 270.285 1560 49,635 36,665 249.695 2800 94,784 71,504 270.943 1580 50,344 37,207 250.147 2850 96,639 72,945 271.602 1600 51,053 37,750 250.592 2900 98,495 74,383 272.249 1620 51,763 38,293 251.033 2950 100,352 75,825 272.884 1640 52,472 38,837 251.470 3000 102,210 77,267 273.508 1660 53,184 39,382 251.901 3050 104,073 78,715 274.123 1680 53,895 39,927 252.329 3100 105,939 80,164 274.730 1700 54,609 40,474 252.751 3150 107,802 81,612 275.326 1720 55,323 41,023 253.169 3200 109,667 83,061 275.914 1740 56,039 41,572 253.582 3250 111,534 84,513 276.494 Apéndice 1 | 919 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 919 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 1440 42,808 30,835 177.410 260 7,370 5,209 126.636 1480 44,091 31,786 178.291 270 7,657 5,412 127.719 1520 45,384 32,746 179.153 280 7,945 5,617 128.765 1560 46,683 33,713 179.995 290 8,233 5,822 129.775 1600 47,990 34,687 180.820 298 8,468 5,989 130.574 1640 49,303 35,668 181.632 300 8,522 6,027 130.754 1680 50,622 36,654 182.428 320 9,100 6,440 132.621 1720 51,947 37,646 183.208 340 9,680 6,853 134.378 1760 53,279 38,645 183.973 360 10,262 7,268 136.039 1800 54,618 39,652 184.724 380 10,843 7,684 137.612 1840 55,962 40,663 185.463 400 11,426 8,100 139.106 1880 57,311 41,680 186.190 420 12,010 8,518 140.529 1920 58,668 42,705 186.904 440 12,594 8,936 141.888 1960 60,031 43,735 187.607 460 13,179 9,355 143.187 2000 61,400 44,771 188.297 480 13,764 9,773 144.432 2050 63,119 46,074 189.148 500 14,350 10,193 145.628 2100 64,847 47,386 189.979 520 14,935 10,611 146.775 2150 66,584 48,708 190.796 560 16,107 11,451 148.945 2200 68,328 50,037 191.598 600 17,280 12,291 150.968 2250 70,080 51,373 192.385 640 18,453 13,133 152.863 2300 71,839 52,716 193.159 680 19,630 13,976 154.645 2350 73,608 54,069 193.921 720 20,807 14,821 156.328 2400 75,383 55,429 194.669 760 21,988 15,669 157.923 2450 77,168 56,798 195.403 800 23,171 16,520 159.440 2500 78,960 58,175 196.125 840 24,359 17,375 160.891 2550 80,755 59,554 196.837 880 25,551 18,235 162.277 2600 82,558 60,941 197.539 920 26,747 19,098 163.607 2650 84,368 62,335 198.229 960 27,948 19,966 164.884 2700 86,186 63,737 198.907 1000 29,154 20,839 166.114 2750 88,008 65,144 199.575 1040 30,364 21,717 167.300 2800 89,838 66,558 200.234 1080 31,580 22,601 168.449 2850 91,671 67,976 200.885 1120 32,802 23,490 169.560 2900 93,512 69,401 201.527 1160 34,028 24,384 170.636 2950 95,358 70,831 202.157 1200 35,262 25,284 171.682 3000 97,211 72,268 202.778 1240 36,502 26,192 172.698 3050 99,065 73,707 203.391 1280 37,749 27,106 173.687 3100 100,926 75,152 203.995 1320 39,002 28,027 174.652 3150 102,793 76,604 204.592 1360 40,263 28,955 175.593 3200 104,667 78,061 205.181 1400 41,530 29,889 176.510 3250 106,545 79,523 205.765 920 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 920 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 2400 50,894 30,940 204.932 298 6,852 4,373 160.944 2450 51,936 31,566 205.362 300 6,892 4,398 161.079 2500 52,979 32,193 205.783 500 11,197 7,040 172.088 2550 54,021 32,820 206.196 1000 21,713 13,398 186.678 2600 55,064 33,447 206.601 1500 32,150 19,679 195.143 2650 56,108 34,075 206.999 1600 34,234 20,931 196.488 2700 57,152 34,703 207.389 1700 36,317 22,183 197.751 2750 58,196 35,332 207.772 1800 38,400 23,434 198.941 2800 59,241 35,961 208.148 1900 40,482 24,685 200.067 2850 60,286 36,590 208.518 2000 42,564 25,935 201.135 2900 61,332 37,220 208.882 2050 43,605 26,560 201.649 2950 62,378 37,851 209.240 2100 44,646 27,186 202.151 3000 63,425 38,482 209.592 2150 45,687 27,811 202.641 3100 65,520 39,746 210.279 2200 46,728 28,436 203.119 3200 67,619 41,013 210.945 2250 47,769 29,062 203.588 3300 69,720 42,283 211.592 2300 48,811 29,688 204.045 3400 71,824 43,556 212.220 2350 49,852 30,314 204.493 3500 73,932 44,832 212.831 TABLA A-25 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 2400 77,015 57,061 248.628 298 9,188 6,709 183.594 2450 78,801 58,431 249.364 300 9,244 6,749 183.779 2500 80,592 59,806 250.088 500 15,181 11,024 198.955 2550 82,388 61,186 250.799 1000 30,123 21,809 219.624 2600 84,189 62,572 251.499 1500 46,046 33,575 232.506 2650 85,995 63,962 252.187 1600 49,358 36,055 234.642 2700 87,806 65,358 252.864 1700 52,706 38,571 236.672 2750 89,622 66,757 253.530 1800 56,089 41,123 238.606 2800 91,442 68,162 254.186 1900 59,505 43,708 240.453 2850 93,266 69,570 254.832 2000 62,952 46,323 242.221 2900 95,095 70,983 255.468 2050 64,687 47,642 243.077 2950 96,927 72,400 256.094 2100 66,428 48,968 243.917 3000 98,763 73,820 256.712 2150 68,177 50,301 244.740 3100 102,447 76,673 257.919 2200 69,932 51,641 245.547 3200 106,145 79,539 259.093 2250 71,694 52,987 246.338 3300 109,855 82,418 260.235 2300 73,462 54,339 247.116 3400 113,578 85,309 261.347 2350 75,236 55,697 247.879 3500 117,312 88,212 262.429 Apéndice 1 | 923 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 923 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm _ hf° _ gf° _ s ° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K Acetileno C2H2(g) +226,730 +209,170 200.85 Agua H2O(
) 285,830 237,180 69.92 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(g) 235,310 168,570 282.59 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(
) 277,690 174,890 160.70 Alcohol metílico CH3OH(g) 200,670 162,000 239.70 Alcohol metílico CH3OH(
) 238,660 166,360 126.80 Amoniaco NH3(g) 46,190 16,590 192.33 Benceno C6H6(g) +82,930 +129,660 269.20 n-butano C4H10(g) 126,150 15,710 310.12 Carbón C(s) 0 0 5.74 Dióxido de carbono CO2(g) 393,520 394,360 213.80 n-dodecano C12H26(g) 291,010 +50,150 622.83 Etano C2H6(g) 84,680 32,890 229.49 Etileno C2H4(g) +52,280 +68,120 219.83 Hidrógeno H2(g) 0 0 130.68 Hidrógeno H(g) +218,000 +203,290 114.72 Hidróxilo OH(g) +39,460 +34,280 183.70 Metano CH4(g) 74,850 50,790 186.16 Monóxido de carbono CO(g) 110,530 137,150 197.65 Nitrógeno N2(g) 0 0 191.61 Nitrógeno N(g) +472,650 +455,510 153.30 n-octano C8H18(g) 208,450 +16,530 466.73 n-octano C8H18(
) 249,950 +6,610 360.79 Oxígeno O2(g) 0 0 205.04 Oxígeno O(g) +249,190 +231,770 161.06 Peróxido de hidrógeno H2O2(g) 136,310 105,600 232.63 Propano C3H8(g) 103,850 23,490 269.91 Propileno C3H6(g) +20,410 +62,720 266.94 Vapor de agua H2O(g) 241,820 228,590 188.83 Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953. 924 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 924 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net TABLA A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Calor Poder Poder Masa Entalpía de especí- calorífico calorífico molar, Densidad,1 vaporización,2 fico,1 cp superior,3 inferior,3 Combustible (fase) Fórmula kg/kmol kg/L kJ/kg kJ/kg · K kJ/kg kJ/kg Acetileno (g) C2H2 26.038 — — 1.69 49,970 48,280 Benceno (
) C6H6 78.114 0.877 433 1.72 41,800 40,100 Butano (
) C4H10 58.123 0.579 362 2.42 49,150 45,370 Carbono (s) C 12.011 2 — 0.708 32,800 32,800 Decano (
) C10H22 142.285 0.730 361 2.21 47,640 44,240 Diesel ligero (
) CnH1.8n 170 0.78–0.84 270 2.2 46,100 43,200 Diesel pesado (
) CnH1.7n 200 0.82–0.88 230 1.9 45,500 42,800 Etano (g) C2H6 30.070 — 172 1.75 51,900 47,520 Etanol (
) C2H6O 46.069 0.790 919 2.44 29,670 26,810 Gas natural (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n 18 — — 2 50,000 45,000 Gasolina (
) CnH1.87n 100–110 0.72–0.78 350 2.4 47,300 44,000 Heptano (
) C7H16 100.204 0.684 365 2.24 48,100 44,600 Hexano (
) C6H12 84.161 0.673 392 1.84 47,500 44,400 Hexeno (
) C6H14 86.177 0.660 366 2.27 48,310 44,740 Hidrógeno (g) H2 2.016 — — 14.4 141,800 120,000 Isopentano (
) C5H12 72.150 0.626 — 2.32 48,570 44,910 Metano (g) CH4 16.043 — 509 2.20 55,530 50,050 Metanol (
) CH4O 32.042 0.790 1168 2.53 22,660 19,920 Monóx. de carbono (g) CO 28.013 — — 1.05 10,100 10,100 Octano (
) C8H18 114.231 0.703 363 2.23 47,890 44,430 1-Penteno (
) C5H10 70.134 0.641 363 2.20 47,760 44,630 Propano (
) C3H8 44.097 0.500 335 2.77 50,330 46,340 Tolueno (
) C7H8 92.141 0.867 412 1.71 42,400 40,500 1A 1 atm y 20°C. 2A 25°C para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos. 3A 25°C. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en kJ/kmol. Apéndice 1 | 925 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 925 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net 928 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) Te mp era tur a d e s atu rac ión ºC 10 % H um ed ad r el at iv a 25 te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o hú m ed o ºC 0.92 vol ume n m etro cúb ico por kilo gram o de aire sec o Relación de humedad (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco A SH R A E G rá fi ca ps ic ro m ét ri ca nú m 1 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.05.0 10 20 30 s i de al – s — — — — – R u D es vi ac ió n de e nt ro pí a Z s = = s i de al – s — — — — – R D es vi ac ió n de e nt ro pí a s i de al – s — — — — – R u = s i de al – s — — — — – R Presión reducida, P R 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.800.80 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.0 0 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.0 4 1.06 1.061.08 1.10 1.1 0 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.50 3.00 0. 95 0.90 Tr Líquido saturado R P R 0.8 0 T R = 0 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 Va po r s atu rad o Vapor s aturado Z s = FIGURA A-30 Gráfica generalizada de desviación de entropía. Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5. TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 928 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net Apéndice 1 | 929 Pr ep ar ad o po r el C en tr o de E st ud io s A pl ic ad os d e Te rm od in ám ic a, U ni ve rs id ad d e Id ah o. 1. 0 0. 95 0. 90 0. 85 0. 80 0. 75 0. 70 0. 65 0. 60 0. 55 0. 50 0. 45 0. 40 0. 36 E nt al pí a — — — — — — — — — R el ac ió n de h um ed ad ∆h — — ∆
= Calor sensible —————– Calor total ∆HS —— ∆HT = 60 50 40 30 20 Te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o se co º C 10 0 70809010 0 11 0 12 0 C al or s en si bl e — — — — — – C al or to ta l ∆H S — — ∆H T = 1. 0 –• –5 .0 –2 .0 0. 0 1. 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4. 0 5. 0 10 .0• 0.1 0.2 0.3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 8 0. 7 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 4. 0 –4 .0 –2 .0 –1 .0 –0 .5 –0.2 • 0 En tal pía (h ) k ilo jou les po r k ilo gr am o d e a ire se co 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 Te mp era tur a d e s atu rac ión ºC 5 10 15 20 25 30 30 0.94 30 20 15 10 5 0 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 28 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 10 % H um ed ad r el at iv a 25 te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o hú m ed o ºC 0.92 vol ume n m etro cúb ico por kilo gram o de aire sec o Relación de humedad (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco 6 4 2 A SH R A E G rá fi ca p si cr om ét ri ca n úm . 1 Te m pe ra tu ra n or m al Pr es ió n ba ro m ét ri ca 1 01 .3 25 k Pa © 1 99 2 A m er ic an S oc ie ty o f H ea tin g, R ef ri ge ra tin g an d A ir -C on di tio ni ng E ng in ee rs , I nc . N iv el d el m ar FI GU RA A -3 1 G rá fi ca p si cr om ét ri ca a 1 a tm d e pr es ió n to ta l. R ep ro du ci da c on p er m is o de la A m er ic an S oc ie ty o f H ea ti ng ,R ef ri ge ra ti ng a nd A ir -C on di ti on in g E ng in ee rs ,I nc ., A tl an ta ,G eo rg ia ; us ad a co n pe rm is o. TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 929 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net 930 | Tablas de propiedades, figuras y diagramas (unidades SI) TABLA A-32 Funciones unidimensionales isentrópicas de flujo compresible para un gas ideal con k
1.4 Ma Ma* A/A* P/P0 r/r0 T/T0 0 0  1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.1 0.1094 5.8218 0.9930 0.9950 0.9980 0.2 0.2182 2.9635 0.9725 0.9803 0.9921 0.3 0.3257 2.0351 0.9395 0.9564 0.9823 0.4 0.4313 1.5901 0.8956 0.9243 0.9690 0.5 0.5345 1.3398 0.8430 0.8852 0.9524 0.6 0.6348 1.1882 0.7840 0.8405 0.9328 0.7 0.7318 1.0944 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107 0.8 0.8251 1.0382 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865 0.9 0.9146 1.0089 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606 1.0 1.0000 1.0000 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333 1.2 1.1583 1.0304 0.4124 0.5311 0.7764 1.4 1.2999 1.1149 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184 1.6 1.4254 1.2502 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614 1.8 1.5360 1.4390 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068 2.0 1.6330 1.6875 0.1278 0.2300 0.5556 2.2 1.7179 2.0050 0.0935 0.1841 0.5081 2.4 1.7922 2.4031 0.0684 0.1472 0.4647 2.6 1.8571 2.8960 0.0501 0.1179 0.4252 2.8 1.9140 3.5001 0.0368 0.0946 0.3894 3.0 1.9640 4.2346 0.0272 0.0760 0.3571 5.0 2.2361 25.000 0.0019 0.0113 0.1667  2.2495  0 0 0 T T0  a1  k  1 2 Ma2b 1 r r0  a1  k  1 2 Ma2b 1(k1) P P0  a1  k  1 2 Ma2b k(k1) A A*  1 Ma ca 2 k  1 b a1  k  1 2 Ma2bd 0.5(k1)(k1) Ma*  MaB k  1 2  (k  1)Ma2 A/A* Ma* T/T0 r/r* P/P0 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 Fu nc io ne s de f lu jo c om pr es ib le 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 TERMO_ap01.qxd 2/22/06 6:01 AM Page 930 www.elsolucionario.net www.elsolucionario.net