Tablas termodinamicas, Apuntes de Química

¡Descarga Tablas termodinamicas y más Apuntes en PDF de Química solo en Docsity! Tabla A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Tabla A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes Tabla A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes Tabla A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Tabla A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Tabla A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado Tabla A-7 Agua líquida comprimida Tabla A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Figura A-9 Diagrama T-s para el agua Figura A-10 Diagrama de Mollier para el agua Tabla A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Tabla A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Tabla A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado Figura A-14 Diagrama P-h para refrigerante 134a Figura A-15 Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert Tabla A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Tabla A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire Tabla A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 Tabla A-19 Propiedades de gas del oxígeno, O2 Tabla A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 Tabla A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO Tabla A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 Tabla A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O Tabla A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O Tabla A-25 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH Tabla A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm Tabla A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Tabla A-28 Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp Figura A-29 Carta generalizada de desviación de entalpía Figura A-30 Carta generalizada de desviación de entropía Figura A-31 Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total Tabla A-32 Funciones de flujo compresible unidimensional e isentrópico de un gas ideal con k  1.4 Tabla A-33 Funciones de choque normal unidimensional de un gas ideal con k  1.4 Tabla A-34 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k  1.4 APÉNDICE TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 1 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 907 7/12/11 14:25:57 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 908 TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Constante Propiedades del punto crítico Masa molar, de gas, Temperatura, Presión, Volumen, Sustancia Fórmula M kg/kmol R kJ/kg · K* K MPa m3/kmol Agua H2O 18.015 0.4615 647.1 22.06 0.0560 Aire — 28.97 0.2870 132.5 3.77 0.0883 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH 46.07 0.1805 516 6.38 0.1673 Alcohol metílico CH3OH 32.042 0.2595 513.2 7.95 0.1180 Amoniaco NH3 17.03 0.4882 405.5 11.28 0.0724 Argón Ar 39.948 0.2081 151 4.86 0.0749 Benceno C6H6 78.115 0.1064 562 4.92 0.2603 Bromo Br2 159.808 0.0520 584 10.34 0.1355 n-Butano C4H10 58.124 0.1430 425.2 3.80 0.2547 Cloro Cl2 70.906 0.1173 417 7.71 0.1242 Cloroformo CHCl3 119.38 0.06964 536.6 5.47 0.2403 Cloruro metílico CH3Cl 50.488 0.1647 416.3 6.68 0.1430 Criptón Kr 83.80 0.09921 209.4 5.50 0.0924 Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.06876 384.7 4.01 0.2179 Diclorofluorometano (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.08078 451.7 5.17 0.1973 Dióxido de carbono CO2 44.01 0.1889 304.2 7.39 0.0943 Dióxido de sulfuro SO2 64.063 0.1298 430.7 7.88 0.1217 Etano C2H6 30.070 0.2765 305.5 4.48 0.1480 Etileno C2H4 28.054 0.2964 282.4 5.12 0.1242 Helio He 4.003 2.0769 5.3 0.23 0.0578 n-Hexano C6H14 86.179 0.09647 507.9 3.03 0.3677 Hidrógeno (normal) H2 2.016 4.1240 33.3 1.30 0.0649 Metano CH4 16.043 0.5182 191.1 4.64 0.0993 Monóxido de carbono CO 28.011 0.2968 133 3.50 0.0930 Neón Ne 20.183 0.4119 44.5 2.73 0.0417 Nitrógeno N2 28.013 0.2968 126.2 3.39 0.0899 Óxido nitroso N2O 44.013 0.1889 309.7 7.27 0.0961 Oxígeno O2 31.999 0.2598 154.8 5.08 0.0780 Propano C3H8 44.097 0.1885 370 4.26 0.1998 Propileno C3H6 42.081 0.1976 365 4.62 0.1810 Tetracloruro de carbono CCl4 153.82 0.05405 556.4 4.56 0.2759 Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.08149 374.2 4.059 0.1993 Triclorofluorometano (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.06052 471.2 4.38 0.2478 Xenón Xe 131.30 0.06332 289.8 5.88 0.1186 *La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m3/kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R  Ru /M, donde Ru  8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es la masa molar. Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad America- na de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 908 7/12/11 14:25:58 APÉNDICE 1 911 TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión) c) Como una función de la temperatura _ cp  a  bT  cT 2  dT 3 (T en K, cp en kJ/kmol · K) Rango de % de error Sustancia Fórmula a b c d temp., K Máx. Prom. Acetileno C2H2 21.8 9.2143  102 6.527  105 18.21  109 273–1500 1.46 0.59 Aire — 28.11 0.1967  102 0.4802  105 1.966  109 273–1800 0.72 0.33 Amoniaco NH3 27.568 2.5630  102 0.99072  105 6.6909  109 273–1500 0.91 0.36 Azufre S2 27.21 2.218  102 1.628  105 3.986  109 273–1800 0.99 0.38 Benceno C6H6 36.22 48.475  102 31.57  105 77.62  109 273–1500 0.34 0.20 i-Butano C4H10 7.913 41.60  102 23.01  105 49.91  109 273–1500 0.25 0.13 n-Butano C4H10 3.96 37.15  102 18.34  105 35.00  109 273–1500 0.54 0.24 Cloruro de hidrógeno HCl 30.33 0.7620  102 1.327  105 4.338  109 273–1500 0.22 0.08 Dióxido de azufre SO2 25.78 5.795  102 3.812  105 8.612  109 273–1800 0.45 0.24 Dióxido de carbono CO2 22.26 5.981  102 3.501  105 7.469  109 273–1800 0.67 0.22 Dióxido de nitrógeno NO2 22.9 5.715  102 3.52  105 7.87  109 273–1500 0.46 0.18 Etano C2H6 6.900 17.27  102 6.406  105 7.285  109 273–1500 0.83 0.28 Etanol C2H6O 19.9 20.96  102 10.38  105 20.05  109 273–1500 0.40 0.22 Etileno C2H4 3.95 15.64  102 8.344  105 17.67  109 273–1500 0.54 0.13 n-Hexano C6H14 6.938 55.22  102 28.65  105 57.69  109 273–1500 0.72 0.20 Hidrógeno H2 29.11 0.1916  102 0.4003  105 0.8704  109 273–1800 1.01 0.26 Metano CH4 19.89 5.024  102 1.269  105 11.01  109 273–1500 1.33 0.57 Metanol CH4O 19.0 9.152  102 1.22  105 8.039  109 273–1000 0.18 0.08 Monóxido de carbono CO 28.16 0.1675  102 0.5372  105 2.222  109 273–1800 0.89 0.37 Nitrógeno N2 28.90 0.1571  102 0.8081  105 2.873  109 273–1800 0.59 0.34 Óxido nítrico NO 29.34 0.09395  102 0.9747  105 4.187  109 273–1500 0.97 0.36 Óxido nitroso N2O 24.11 5.8632  102 3.562  105 10.58  109 273–1500 0.59 0.26 Oxígeno O2 25.48 1.520  102 0.7155  105 1.312  109 273–1800 1.19 0.28 n-Pentano C5H12 6.774 45.43  102 22.46  105 42.29  109 273–1500 0.56 0.21 Propano C3H8 4.04 30.48  102 15.72  105 31.74  109 273–1500 0.40 0.12 Propileno C3H6 3.15 23.83  102 12.18  105 24.62  109 273–1500 0.73 0.17 Trióxido de azufre SO3 16.40 14.58  102 11.20  105 32.42  109 273–1300 0.29 0.13 Agua (vapor) H2O 32.24 0.1923  102 1.055  105 3.595  109 273–1800 0.53 0.24 Fuente: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 911 7/12/11 14:25:58 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 912 TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm Datos de congelación Propiedades de líquidos Punto Calor latente de Punto Calor latente Calor de ebulli- vaporización de conge- de fusión Temperatura, Densidad específico Sustancia ción normal, °C hfg, kJ/kg lación, °C hif, kJ/kg °C r, kg/m3 cp, kJ/kg · K Aceite comestible (ligero) 25 910 1.80 Agua 100 2257 0.0 333.7 0 1000 4.22 25 997 4.18 50 988 4.18 75 975 4.19 100 958 4.22 Alcohol etílico 78.6 855 156 108 20 789 2.84 Amoniaco 33.3 1357 77.7 322.4 33.3 682 4.43 20 665 4.52 0 639 4.60 25 602 4.80 Argón 185.9 161.6 189.3 28 185.6 1394 1.14 Benceno 80.2 394 5.5 126 20 879 1.72 n-Butano 0.5 385.2 138.5 80.3 0.5 601 2.31 Dióxido de carbono 78.4* 230.5 (a 0°C) 56.6 0 298 0.59 Etanol 78.2 838.3 114.2 109 25 783 2.46 Etilén glicol 198.1 800.1 10.8 181.1 20 1109 2.84 Glicerina 179.9 974 18.9 200.6 20 1261 2.32 Helio 268.9 22.8 — — 268.9 146.2 22.8 Hidrógeno 252.8 445.7 259.2 59.5 252.8 70.7 10.0 Isobutano 11.7 367.1 160 105.7 11.7 593.8 2.28 Mercurio 356.7 294.7 38.9 11.4 25 13,560 0.139 Metano 161.5 510.4 182.2 58.4 161.5 423 3.49 100 301 5.79 Metanol 64.5 1100 97.7 99.2 25 787 2.55 Nitrógeno 195.8 198.6 210 25.3 195.8 809 2.06 160 596 2.97 Octano 124.8 306.3 57.5 180.7 20 703 2.10 Oxígeno 183 212.7 218.8 13.7 183 1141 1.71 Petróleo — 230–384 20 640 2.0 Propano 42.1 427.8 187.7 80.0 42.1 581 2.25 0 529 2.53 50 449 3.13 Queroseno 204–293 251 24.9 — 20 820 2.00 Refrigerante 134a 26.1 217.0 96.6 — 50 1443 1.23 Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio a base másica) 103.9 — 17.4 — 20 1150 3.11 26.1 1374 1.27 0 1295 1.34 25 1207 1.43 * Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como un sólido o un gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 912 7/12/11 14:25:59 APÉNDICE 1 913 TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (conclusión) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, Calor específico, Densidad, Calor específico, Sustancia r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K Sustancia r kg/m3 cp kJ/kg · K Metales No metales Acero dulce 7,830 0.500 Arena 1520 0.800 Aluminio Arcilla 1000 0.920 200 K 0.797 Asfalto 2110 0.920 250 K 0.859 Caucho (blando) 1100 1.840 300 K 2,700 0.902 Caucho (duro) 1150 2.009 350 K 0.929 Concreto 2300 0.653 400 K 0.949 Diamante 2420 0.616 450 K 0.973 Grafito 2500 0.711 500 K 0.997 Granito 2700 1.017 Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 8,280 0.400 Hielo 2% Al) 200 K 1.56 Cobre 220 K 1.71 173°C 0.254 240 K 1.86 100°C 0.342 260 K 2.01 50°C 0.367 273 K 921 2.11 0°C 0.381 Ladrillo común 1922 0.79 27°C 8,900 0.386 Ladrillo refractario (500°C) 2300 0.960 100°C 0.393 Madera contrachapada 200°C 0.403 (abeto Douglas) 545 1.21 Hierro 7,840 0.45 Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) 721 1.26 Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 8,310 0.400 Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) 513 1.38 35% Zn) Mármol 2600 0.880 Magnesio 1,730 1.000 Piedra 1500 0.800 Níquel 8,890 0.440 Piedra caliza 1650 0.909 Plata 10,470 0.235 Vidrio para ventanas 2700 0.800 Plomo 11,310 0.128 Vidrio pirex 2230 0.840 Tungsteno 19,400 0.130 Yeso o tabla de yeso 800 1.0 c) Alimentos Calor específico, Calor específico, kJ/kg · K kJ/kg · K Por encima Por debajo Calor Por encima Por debajo Calor Contenido Punto del punto del punto latente Contenido Punto del punto del punto latente de agua, de conge- de conge- de conge- de fusión, de agua, de conge- de conge- de conge- de fusión, Alimentos % (masa) lación, °C lación lación kJ/kg Alimentos % (masa) lación, °C lación lación kJ/kg Brócoli 90 0.6 3.86 1.97 301 Helado 63 5.6 2.95 1.63 210 Camarón 83 2.2 3.62 1.89 277 Mantequilla 16 — — 1.04 53 Carne de pollo 74 2.8 3.32 1.77 247 Manzanas 84 1.1 3.65 1.90 281 Carne de res 67 — 3.08 1.68 224 Naranjas 87 0.8 3.75 1.94 291 Cerezas 80 1.8 3.52 1.85 267 Papas 78 0.6 3.45 1.82 261 Espinaca 93 0.3 3.96 2.01 311 Pavo 64 — 2.98 1.65 214 Fresas 90 0.8 3.86 1.97 301 Plátanos 75 0.8 3.35 1.78 251 Huevo entero 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Queso suizo 39 10.0 2.15 1.33 130 Leche entera 88 0.6 3.79 1.95 294 Salmón 64 2.2 2.98 1.65 214 Lechuga 95 0.2 4.02 2.04 317 Sandía 93 0.4 3.96 2.01 311 Maíz dulce 74 0.6 3.32 1.77 247 Tomates (maduros) 94 0.5 3.99 2.02 314 Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión SI, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 913 7/12/11 14:25:59 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 916 TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat, Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 1.0 6.97 0.001000 129.19 29.302 2355.2 2384.5 29.303 2484.4 2513.7 0.1059 8.8690 8.9749 1.5 13.02 0.001001 87.964 54.686 2338.1 2392.8 54.688 2470.1 2524.7 0.1956 8.6314 8.8270 2.0 17.50 0.001001 66.990 73.431 2325.5 2398.9 73.433 2459.5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8.7227 2.5 21.08 0.001002 54.242 88.422 2315.4 2403.8 88.424 2451.0 2539.4 0.3118 8.3302 8.6421 3.0 24.08 0.001003 45.654 100.98 2306.9 2407.9 100.98 2443.9 2544.8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765 4.0 28.96 0.001004 34.791 121.39 2293.1 2414.5 121.39 2432.3 2553.7 0.4224 8.0510 8.4734 5.0 32.87 0.001005 28.185 137.75 2282.1 2419.8 137.75 2423.0 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3938 7.5 40.29 0.001008 19.233 168.74 2261.1 2429.8 168.75 2405.3 2574.0 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501 10 45.81 0.001010 14.670 191.79 2245.4 2437.2 191.81 2392.1 2583.9 0.6492 7.4996 8.1488 15 53.97 0.001014 10.020 225.93 2222.1 2448.0 225.94 2372.3 2598.3 0.7549 7.2522 8.0071 20 60.06 0.001017 7.6481 251.40 2204.6 2456.0 251.42 2357.5 2608.9 0.8320 7.0752 7.9073 25 64.96 0.001020 6.2034 271.93 2190.4 2462.4 271.96 2345.5 2617.5 0.8932 6.9370 7.8302 30 69.09 0.001022 5.2287 289.24 2178.5 2467.7 289.27 2335.3 2624.6 0.9441 6.8234 7.7675 40 75.86 0.001026 3.9933 317.58 2158.8 2476.3 317.62 2318.4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691 50 81.32 0.001030 3.2403 340.49 2142.7 2483.2 340.54 2304.7 2645.2 1.0912 6.5019 7.5931 75 91.76 0.001037 2.2172 384.36 2111.8 2496.1 384.44 2278.0 2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558 100 99.61 0.001043 1.6941 417.40 2088.2 2505.6 417.51 2257.5 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589 101.325 99.97 0.001043 1.6734 418.95 2087.0 2506.0 419.06 2256.5 2675.6 1.3069 6.0476 7.3545 125 105.97 0.001048 1.3750 444.23 2068.8 2513.0 444.36 2240.6 2684.9 1.3741 5.9100 7.2841 150 111.35 0.001053 1.1594 466.97 2052.3 2519.2 467.13 2226.0 2693.1 1.4337 5.7894 7.2231 175 116.04 0.001057 1.0037 486.82 2037.7 2524.5 487.01 2213.1 2700.2 1.4850 5.6865 7.1716 200 120.21 0.001061 0.88578 504.50 2024.6 2529.1 504.71 2201.6 2706.3 1.5302 5.5968 7.1270 225 123.97 0.001064 0.79329 520.47 2012.7 2533.2 520.71 2191.0 2711.7 1.5706 5.5171 7.0877 250 127.41 0.001067 0.71873 535.08 2001.8 2536.8 535.35 2181.2 2716.5 1.6072 5.4453 7.0525 275 130.58 0.001070 0.65732 548.57 1991.6 2540.1 548.86 2172.0 2720.9 1.6408 5.3800 7.0207 300 133.52 0.001073 0.60582 561.11 1982.1 2543.2 561.43 2163.5 2724.9 1.6717 5.3200 6.9917 325 136.27 0.001076 0.56199 572.84 1973.1 2545.9 573.19 2155.4 2728.6 1.7005 5.2645 6.9650 350 138.86 0.001079 0.52422 583.89 1964.6 2548.5 584.26 2147.7 2732.0 1.7274 5.2128 6.9402 375 141.30 0.001081 0.49133 594.32 1956.6 2550.9 594.73 2140.4 2735.1 1.7526 5.1645 6.9171 400 143.61 0.001084 0.46242 604.22 1948.9 2553.1 604.66 2133.4 2738.1 1.7765 5.1191 6.8955 450 147.90 0.001088 0.41392 622.65 1934.5 2557.1 623.14 2120.3 2743.4 1.8205 5.0356 6.8561 500 151.83 0.001093 0.37483 639.54 1921.2 2560.7 640.09 2108.0 2748.1 1.8604 4.9603 6.8207 550 155.46 0.001097 0.34261 655.16 1908.8 2563.9 655.77 2096.6 2752.4 1.8970 4.8916 6.7886 600 158.83 0.001101 0.31560 669.72 1897.1 2566.8 670.38 2085.8 2756.2 1.9308 4.8285 6.7593 650 161.98 0.001104 0.29260 683.37 1886.1 2569.4 684.08 2075.5 2759.6 1.9623 4.7699 6.7322 700 164.95 0.001108 0.27278 696.23 1875.6 2571.8 697.00 2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 750 167.75 0.001111 0.25552 708.40 1865.6 2574.0 709.24 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 916 7/12/11 14:26:00 APÉNDICE 1 917 TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat, Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 800 170.41 0.001115 0.24035 719.97 1856.1 2576.0 720.87 2047.5 2768.3 2.0457 4.6160 6.6616 850 172.94 0.001118 0.22690 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409 900 175.35 0.001121 0.21489 741.55 1838.1 2579.6 742.56 2030.5 2773.0 2.0941 4.5273 6.6213 950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 1829.6 2581.3 752.74 2022.4 2775.2 2.1166 4.4862 6.6027 1000 179.88 0.001127 0.19436 761.39 1821.4 2582.8 762.51 2014.6 2777.1 2.1381 4.4470 6.5850 1100 184.06 0.001133 0.17745 779.78 1805.7 2585.5 781.03 1999.6 2780.7 2.1785 4.3735 6.5520 1200 187.96 0.001138 0.16326 796.96 1790.9 2587.8 798.33 1985.4 2783.8 2.2159 4.3058 6.5217 1300 191.60 0.001144 0.15119 813.10 1776.8 2589.9 814.59 1971.9 2786.5 2.2508 4.2428 6.4936 1400 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675 1500 198.29 0.001154 0.13171 842.82 1750.6 2593.4 844.55 1946.4 2791.0 2.3143 4.1287 6.4430 1750 205.72 0.001166 0.11344 876.12 1720.6 2596.7 878.16 1917.1 2795.2 2.3844 4.0033 6.3877 2000 212.38 0.001177 0.099587 906.12 1693.0 2599.1 908.47 1889.8 2798.3 2.4467 3.8923 6.3390 2250 218.41 0.001187 0.088717 933.54 1667.3 2600.9 936.21 1864.3 2800.5 2.5029 3.7926 6.2954 2500 223.95 0.001197 0.079952 958.87 1643.2 2602.1 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 2.5542 3.7016 6.2558 3000 233.85 0.001217 0.066667 1004.6 1598.5 2603.2 1008.3 1794.9 2803.2 2.6454 3.5402 6.1856 3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244 4000 250.35 0.001252 0.049779 1082.4 1519.3 2601.7 1087.4 1713.5 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696 5000 263.94 0.001286 0.039448 1148.1 1448.9 2597.0 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2 2.9207 3.0530 5.9737 6000 275.59 0.001319 0.032449 1205.8 1384.1 2589.9 1213.8 1570.9 2784.6 3.0275 2.8627 5.8902 7000 285.83 0.001352 0.027378 1258.0 1323.0 2581.0 1267.5 1505.2 2772.6 3.1220 2.6927 5.8148 8000 295.01 0.001384 0.023525 1306.0 1264.5 2570.5 1317.1 1441.6 2758.7 3.2077 2.5373 5.7450 9000 303.35 0.001418 0.020489 1350.9 1207.6 2558.5 1363.7 1379.3 2742.9 3.2866 2.3925 5.6791 10,000 311.00 0.001452 0.018028 1393.3 1151.8 2545.2 1407.8 1317.6 2725.5 3.3603 2.2556 5.6159 11,000 318.08 0.001488 0.015988 1433.9 1096.6 2530.4 1450.2 1256.1 2706.3 3.4299 2.1245 5.5544 12,000 324.68 0.001526 0.014264 1473.0 1041.3 2514.3 1491.3 1194.1 2685.4 3.4964 1.9975 5.4939 13,000 330.85 0.001566 0.012781 1511.0 985.5 2496.6 1531.4 1131.3 2662.7 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336 14,000 336.67 0.001610 0.011487 1548.4 928.7 2477.1 1571.0 1067.0 2637.9 3.6232 1.7497 5.3728 15,000 342.16 0.001657 0.010341 1585.5 870.3 2455.7 1610.3 1000.5 2610.8 3.6848 1.6261 5.3108 16,000 347.36 0.001710 0.009312 1622.6 809.4 2432.0 1649.9 931.1 2581.0 3.7461 1.5005 5.2466 17,000 352.29 0.001770 0.008374 1660.2 745.1 2405.4 1690.3 857.4 2547.7 3.8082 1.3709 5.1791 18,000 356.99 0.001840 0.007504 1699.1 675.9 2375.0 1732.2 777.8 2510.0 3.8720 1.2343 5.1064 19,000 361.47 0.001926 0.006677 1740.3 598.9 2339.2 1776.8 689.2 2466.0 3.9396 1.0860 5.0256 20,000 365.75 0.002038 0.005862 1785.8 509.0 2294.8 1826.6 585.5 2412.1 4.0146 0.9164 4.9310 21,000 369.83 0.002207 0.004994 1841.6 391.9 2233.5 1888.0 450.4 2338.4 4.1071 0.7005 4.8076 22,000 373.71 0.002703 0.003644 1951.7 140.8 2092.4 2011.1 161.5 2172.6 4.2942 0.2496 4.5439 22,064 373.95 0.003106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 0 2084.3 4.4070 0 4.4070 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 917 7/12/11 14:26:00 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 918 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P  0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* P  0.05 MPa (81.32°C) P  0.10 MPa (99.61°C) Sat.† 14.670 2437.2 2583.9 8.1488 3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589 50 14.867 2443.3 2592.0 8.1741 100 17.196 2515.5 2687.5 8.4489 3.4187 2511.5 2682.4 7.6953 1.6959 2506.2 2675.8 7.3611 150 19.513 2587.9 2783.0 8.6893 3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413 1.9367 2582.9 2776.6 7.6148 200 21.826 2661.4 2879.6 8.9049 4.3562 2660.0 2877.8 8.1592 2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356 250 24.136 2736.1 2977.5 9.1015 4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568 2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8.0346 300 26.446 2812.3 3076.7 9.2827 5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387 2.6389 2810.7 3074.5 8.2172 400 31.063 2969.3 3280.0 9.6094 6.2094 2968.9 3279.3 8.8659 3.1027 2968.3 3278.6 8.5452 500 35.680 3132.9 3489.7 9.8998 7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9.1566 3.5655 3132.2 3488.7 8.8362 600 40.296 3303.3 3706.3 10.1631 8.0577 3303.1 3706.0 9.4201 4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999 700 44.911 3480.8 3929.9 10.4056 8.9813 3480.6 3929.7 9.6626 4.4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.3424 800 49.527 3665.4 4160.6 10.6312 9.9047 3665.2 4160.4 9.8883 4.9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.5682 900 54.143 3856.9 4398.3 10.8429 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000 5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.7800 1000 58.758 4055.3 4642.8 11.0429 11.7513 4055.2 4642.7 10.3000 5.8755 4055.0 4642.6 9.9800 1100 63.373 4260.0 4893.8 11.2326 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897 6.3372 4259.8 4893.6 10.1698 1200 67.989 4470.9 5150.8 11.4132 13.5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704 6.7988 4470.7 5150.6 10.3504 1300 72.604 4687.4 5413.4 11.5857 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429 7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229 P  0.20 MPa (120.21°C) P  0.30 MPa (133.52°C) P  0.40 MPa (143.61°C) Sat. 0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 7.1270 0.60582 2543.2 2724.9 6.9917 0.46242 2553.1 2738.1 6.8955 150 0.95986 2577.1 2769.1 7.2810 0.63402 2571.0 2761.2 7.0792 0.47088 2564.4 2752.8 6.9306 200 1.08049 2654.6 2870.7 7.5081 0.71643 2651.0 2865.9 7.3132 0.53434 2647.2 2860.9 7.1723 250 1.19890 2731.4 2971.2 7.7100 0.79645 2728.9 2967.9 7.5180 0.59520 2726.4 2964.5 7.3804 300 1.31623 2808.8 3072.1 7.8941 0.87535 2807.0 3069.6 7.7037 0.65489 2805.1 3067.1 7.5677 400 1.54934 2967.2 3277.0 8.2236 1.03155 2966.0 3275.5 8.0347 0.77265 2964.9 3273.9 7.9003 500 1.78142 3131.4 3487.7 8.5153 1.18672 3130.6 3486.6 8.3271 0.88936 3129.8 3485.5 8.1933 600 2.01302 3302.2 3704.8 8.7793 1.34139 3301.6 3704.0 8.5915 1.00558 3301.0 3703.3 8.4580 700 2.24434 3479.9 3928.8 9.0221 1.49580 3479.5 3928.2 8.8345 1.12152 3479.0 3927.6 8.7012 800 2.47550 3664.7 4159.8 9.2479 1.65004 3664.3 4159.3 9.0605 1.23730 3663.9 4158.9 8.9274 900 2.70656 3856.3 4397.7 9.4598 1.80417 3856.0 4397.3 9.2725 1.35298 3855.7 4396.9 9.1394 1000 2.93755 4054.8 4642.3 9.6599 1.95824 4054.5 4642.0 9.4726 1.46859 4054.3 4641.7 9.3396 1100 3.16848 4259.6 4893.3 9.8497 2.11226 4259.4 4893.1 9.6624 1.58414 4259.2 4892.9 9.5295 1200 3.39938 4470.5 5150.4 10.0304 2.26624 4470.3 5150.2 9.8431 1.69966 4470.2 5150.0 9.7102 1300 3.63026 4687.1 5413.1 10.2029 2.42019 4686.9 5413.0 10.0157 1.81516 4686.7 5412.8 9.8828 P  0.50 MPa (151.83°C) P  0.60 MPa (158.83°C) P  0.80 MPa (170.41°C) Sat. 0.37483 2560.7 2748.1 6.8207 0.31560 2566.8 2756.2 6.7593 0.24035 2576.0 2768.3 6.6616 200 0.42503 2643.3 2855.8 7.0610 0.35212 2639.4 2850.6 6.9683 0.26088 2631.1 2839.8 6.8177 250 0.47443 2723.8 2961.0 7.2725 0.39390 2721.2 2957.6 7.1833 0.29321 2715.9 2950.4 7.0402 300 0.52261 2803.3 3064.6 7.4614 0.43442 2801.4 3062.0 7.3740 0.32416 2797.5 3056.9 7.2345 350 0.57015 2883.0 3168.1 7.6346 0.47428 2881.6 3166.1 7.5481 0.35442 2878.6 3162.2 7.4107 400 0.61731 2963.7 3272.4 7.7956 0.51374 2962.5 3270.8 7.7097 0.38429 2960.2 3267.7 7.5735 500 0.71095 3129.0 3484.5 8.0893 0.59200 3128.2 3483.4 8.0041 0.44332 3126.6 3481.3 7.8692 600 0.80409 3300.4 3702.5 8.3544 0.66976 3299.8 3701.7 8.2695 0.50186 3298.7 3700.1 8.1354 700 0.89696 3478.6 3927.0 8.5978 0.74725 3478.1 3926.4 8.5132 0.56011 3477.2 3925.3 8.3794 800 0.98966 3663.6 4158.4 8.8240 0.82457 3663.2 4157.9 8.7395 0.61820 3662.5 4157.0 8.6061 900 1.08227 3855.4 4396.6 9.0362 0.90179 3855.1 4396.2 8.9518 0.67619 3854.5 4395.5 8.8185 1000 1.17480 4054.0 4641.4 9.2364 0.97893 4053.8 4641.1 9.1521 0.73411 4053.3 4640.5 9.0189 1100 1.26728 4259.0 4892.6 9.4263 1.05603 4258.8 4892.4 9.3420 0.79197 4258.3 4891.9 9.2090 1200 1.35972 4470.0 5149.8 9.6071 1.13309 4469.8 5149.6 9.5229 0.84980 4469.4 5149.3 9.3898 1300 1.45214 4686.6 5412.6 9.7797 1.21012 4686.4 5412.5 9.6955 0.90761 4686.1 5412.2 9.5625 *La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. † Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 918 7/12/11 14:26:00 APÉNDICE 1 921 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P  15.0 MPa (342.16 C) P  17.5 MPa (354.67 C) P  20.0 MPa (365.75 C) Sat. 0.010341 2455.7 2610.8 5.3108 0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 4.9310 350 0.011481 2520.9 2693.1 5.4438 400 0.015671 2740.6 2975.7 5.8819 0.012463 2684.3 2902.4 5.7211 0.009950 2617.9 2816.9 5.5526 450 0.018477 2880.8 3157.9 6.1434 0.015204 2845.4 3111.4 6.0212 0.012721 2807.3 3061.7 5.9043 500 0.020828 2998.4 3310.8 6.3480 0.017385 2972.4 3276.7 6.2424 0.014793 2945.3 3241.2 6.1446 550 0.022945 3106.2 3450.4 6.5230 0.019305 3085.8 3423.6 6.4266 0.016571 3064.7 3396.2 6.3390 600 0.024921 3209.3 3583.1 6.6796 0.021073 3192.5 3561.3 6.5890 0.018185 3175.3 3539.0 6.5075 650 0.026804 3310.1 3712.1 6.8233 0.022742 3295.8 3693.8 6.7366 0.019695 3281.4 3675.3 6.6593 700 0.028621 3409.8 3839.1 6.9573 0.024342 3397.5 3823.5 6.8735 0.021134 3385.1 3807.8 6.7991 800 0.032121 3609.3 4091.1 7.2037 0.027405 3599.7 4079.3 7.1237 0.023870 3590.1 4067.5 7.0531 900 0.035503 3811.2 4343.7 7.4288 0.030348 3803.5 4334.6 7.3511 0.026484 3795.7 4325.4 7.2829 1000 0.038808 4017.1 4599.2 7.6378 0.033215 4010.7 4592.0 7.5616 0.029020 4004.3 4584.7 7.4950 1100 0.042062 4227.7 4858.6 7.8339 0.036029 4222.3 4852.8 7.7588 0.031504 4216.9 4847.0 7.6933 1200 0.045279 4443.1 5122.3 8.0192 0.038806 4438.5 5117.6 7.9449 0.033952 4433.8 5112.9 7.8802 1300 0.048469 4663.3 5390.3 8.1952 0.041556 4659.2 5386.5 8.1215 0.036371 4655.2 5382.7 8.0574 P  25.0 MPa P  30.0 MPa P  35.0 MPa 375 0.001978 1799.9 1849.4 4.0345 0.001792 1738.1 1791.9 3.9313 0.001701 1702.8 1762.4 3.8724 400 0.006005 2428.5 2578.7 5.1400 0.002798 2068.9 2152.8 4.4758 0.002105 1914.9 1988.6 4.2144 425 0.007886 2607.8 2805.0 5.4708 0.005299 2452.9 2611.8 5.1473 0.003434 2253.3 2373.5 4.7751 450 0.009176 2721.2 2950.6 5.6759 0.006737 2618.9 2821.0 5.4422 0.004957 2497.5 2671.0 5.1946 500 0.011143 2887.3 3165.9 5.9643 0.008691 2824.0 3084.8 5.7956 0.006933 2755.3 2997.9 5.6331 550 0.012736 3020.8 3339.2 6.1816 0.010175 2974.5 3279.7 6.0403 0.008348 2925.8 3218.0 5.9093 600 0.014140 3140.0 3493.5 6.3637 0.011445 3103.4 3446.8 6.2373 0.009523 3065.6 3399.0 6.1229 650 0.015430 3251.9 3637.7 6.5243 0.012590 3221.7 3599.4 6.4074 0.010565 3190.9 3560.7 6.3030 700 0.016643 3359.9 3776.0 6.6702 0.013654 3334.3 3743.9 6.5599 0.011523 3308.3 3711.6 6.4623 800 0.018922 3570.7 4043.8 6.9322 0.015628 3551.2 4020.0 6.8301 0.013278 3531.6 3996.3 6.7409 900 0.021075 3780.2 4307.1 7.1668 0.017473 3764.6 4288.8 7.0695 0.014904 3749.0 4270.6 6.9853 1000 0.023150 3991.5 4570.2 7.3821 0.019240 3978.6 4555.8 7.2880 0.016450 3965.8 4541.5 7.2069 1100 0.025172 4206.1 4835.4 7.5825 0.020954 4195.2 4823.9 7.4906 0.017942 4184.4 4812.4 7.4118 1200 0.027157 4424.6 5103.5 7.7710 0.022630 4415.3 5094.2 7.6807 0.019398 4406.1 5085.0 7.6034 1300 0.029115 4647.2 5375.1 7.9494 0.024279 4639.2 5367.6 7.8602 0.020827 4631.2 5360.2 7.7841 P  40.0 MPa P  50.0 MPa P  60.0 MPa 375 0.001641 1677.0 1742.6 3.8290 0.001560 1638.6 1716.6 3.7642 0.001503 1609.7 1699.9 3.7149 400 0.001911 1855.0 1931.4 4.1145 0.001731 1787.8 1874.4 4.0029 0.001633 1745.2 1843.2 3.9317 425 0.002538 2097.5 2199.0 4.5044 0.002009 1960.3 2060.7 4.2746 0.001816 1892.9 2001.8 4.1630 450 0.003692 2364.2 2511.8 4.9449 0.002487 2160.3 2284.7 4.5896 0.002086 2055.1 2180.2 4.4140 500 0.005623 2681.6 2906.5 5.4744 0.003890 2528.1 2722.6 5.1762 0.002952 2393.2 2570.3 4.9356 550 0.006985 2875.1 3154.4 5.7857 0.005118 2769.5 3025.4 5.5563 0.003955 2664.6 2901.9 5.3517 600 0.008089 3026.8 3350.4 6.0170 0.006108 2947.1 3252.6 5.8245 0.004833 2866.8 3156.8 5.6527 650 0.009053 3159.5 3521.6 6.2078 0.006957 3095.6 3443.5 6.0373 0.005591 3031.3 3366.8 5.8867 700 0.009930 3282.0 3679.2 6.3740 0.007717 3228.7 3614.6 6.2179 0.006265 3175.4 3551.3 6.0814 800 0.011521 3511.8 3972.6 6.6613 0.009073 3472.2 3925.8 6.5225 0.007456 3432.6 3880.0 6.4033 900 0.012980 3733.3 4252.5 6.9107 0.010296 3702.0 4216.8 6.7819 0.008519 3670.9 4182.1 6.6725 1000 0.014360 3952.9 4527.3 7.1355 0.011441 3927.4 4499.4 7.0131 0.009504 3902.0 4472.2 6.9099 1100 0.015686 4173.7 4801.1 7.3425 0.012534 4152.2 4778.9 7.2244 0.010439 4130.9 4757.3 7.1255 1200 0.016976 4396.9 5075.9 7.5357 0.013590 4378.6 5058.1 7.4207 0.011339 4360.5 5040.8 7.3248 1300 0.018239 4623.3 5352.8 7.7175 0.014620 4607.5 5338.5 7.6048 0.012213 4591.8 5324.5 7.5111 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 921 7/12/11 14:26:01 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 922 TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T v u h s v u h s v u h s °C m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg  K P  5 MPa (263.94 C) P  10 MPa (311.00 C) P  15 MPa (342.16 C) Sat. 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 2.9207 0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9 3.3603 0.0016572 1585.5 1610.3 3.6848 0 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0001 0.0009952 0.12 10.07 0.0003 0.0009928 0.18 15.07 0.0004 20 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.2954 0.0009973 83.31 93.28 0.2943 0.0009951 83.01 97.93 0.2932 40 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.5705 0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685 0.0010013 165.75 180.77 0.5666 60 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.8287 0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260 0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.8234 80 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723 0.0010244 332.69 342.94 1.0691 0.0010221 331.59 346.92 1.0659 100 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 1.3034 0.0010385 416.23 426.62 1.2996 0.0010361 414.85 430.39 1.2958 120 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236 0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191 0.0010522 498.50 514.28 1.5148 140 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344 0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293 0.0010708 582.69 598.75 1.7243 160 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374 0.0010954 670.06 681.01 1.9316 0.0010920 667.63 684.01 1.9259 180 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338 0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271 0.0011160 753.58 770.32 2.1206 200 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 2.3251 0.0011482 844.32 855.80 2.3174 0.0011435 840.84 858.00 2.3100 220 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 2.5127 0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037 0.0011752 929.81 947.43 2.4951 240 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 2.6983 0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3 2.6876 0.0012121 1021.0 1039.2 2.6774 260 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 2.8841 0.0012653 1121.6 1134.3 2.8710 0.0012560 1115.1 1134.0 2.8586 280 0.0013226 1221.8 1235.0 3.0565 0.0013096 1213.4 1233.0 3.0410 300 0.0013980 1329.4 1343.3 3.2488 0.0013783 1317.6 1338.3 3.2279 320 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 3.4263 340 0.0016311 1567.9 1592.4 3.6555 P  20 MPa (365.75 C) P  30 MPa P  50 MPa Sat. 0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6 4.0146 0 0.0009904 0.23 20.03 0.0005 0.0009857 0.29 29.86 0.0003 0.0009767 0.29 49.13 0.0010 20 0.0009929 82.71 102.57 0.2921 0.0009886 82.11 111.77 0.2897 0.0009805 80.93 129.95 0.2845 40 0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.5646 0.0009951 164.05 193.90 0.5607 0.0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528 60 0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.8208 0.0010042 246.14 276.26 0.8156 0.0009962 243.08 292.88 0.8055 80 0.0010199 330.50 350.90 1.0627 0.0010155 328.40 358.86 1.0564 0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442 100 0.0010337 413.50 434.17 1.2920 0.0010290 410.87 441.74 1.2847 0.0010201 405.94 456.94 1.2705 120 0.0010496 496.85 517.84 1.5105 0.0010445 493.66 525.00 1.5020 0.0010349 487.69 539.43 1.4859 140 0.0010679 580.71 602.07 1.7194 0.0010623 576.90 608.76 1.7098 0.0010517 569.77 622.36 1.6916 160 0.0010886 665.28 687.05 1.9203 0.0010823 660.74 693.21 1.9094 0.0010704 652.33 705.85 1.8889 180 0.0011122 750.78 773.02 2.1143 0.0011049 745.40 778.55 2.1020 0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790 200 0.0011390 837.49 860.27 2.3027 0.0011304 831.11 865.02 2.2888 0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628 220 0.0011697 925.77 949.16 2.4867 0.0011595 918.15 952.93 2.4707 0.0011412 904.39 961.45 2.4414 240 0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2 2.6676 0.0011927 1006.9 1042.7 2.6491 0.0011708 990.55 1049.1 2.6156 260 0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0 2.8469 0.0012314 1097.8 1134.7 2.8250 0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4 2.7864 280 0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5 3.0265 0.0012770 1191.5 1229.8 3.0001 0.0012430 1167.7 1229.9 2.9547 300 0.0013611 1307.2 1334.4 3.2091 0.0013322 1288.9 1328.9 3.1761 0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0 3.1218 320 0.0014450 1416.6 1445.5 3.3996 0.0014014 1391.7 1433.7 3.3558 0.0013409 1354.3 1421.4 3.2888 340 0.0015693 1540.2 1571.6 3.6086 0.0014932 1502.4 1547.1 3.5438 0.0014049 1452.9 1523.1 3.4575 360 0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1 3.8787 0.0016276 1626.8 1675.6 3.7499 0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7 3.6301 380 0.0018729 1782.0 1838.2 4.0026 0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5 3.8102 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 922 7/12/11 14:26:01 APÉNDICE 1 923 TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Temp., sat., sat, sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., T °C Psat kPa vi vg ui uig ug hi hig hg si sig sg 0.01 0.61169 0.001091 205.99 333.40 2707.9 2374.5 333.40 2833.9 2500.5 1.2202 10.374 9.154 0 0.61115 0.001091 206.17 333.43 2707.9 2374.5 333.43 2833.9 2500.5 1.2204 10.375 9.154 2 0.51772 0.001091 241.62 337.63 2709.4 2371.8 337.63 2834.5 2496.8 1.2358 10.453 9.218 4 0.43748 0.001090 283.84 341.80 2710.8 2369.0 341.80 2835.0 2493.2 1.2513 10.533 9.282 6 0.36873 0.001090 334.27 345.94 2712.2 2366.2 345.93 2835.4 2489.5 1.2667 10.613 9.347 8 0.30998 0.001090 394.66 350.04 2713.5 2363.5 350.04 2835.8 2485.8 1.2821 10.695 9.413 10 0.25990 0.001089 467.17 354.12 2714.8 2360.7 354.12 2836.2 2482.1 1.2976 10.778 9.480 12 0.21732 0.001089 554.47 358.17 2716.1 2357.9 358.17 2836.6 2478.4 1.3130 10.862 9.549 14 0.18121 0.001088 659.88 362.18 2717.3 2355.2 362.18 2836.9 2474.7 1.3284 10.947 9.618 16 0.15068 0.001088 787.51 366.17 2718.6 2352.4 366.17 2837.2 2471.0 1.3439 11.033 9.689 18 0.12492 0.001088 942.51 370.13 2719.7 2349.6 370.13 2837.5 2467.3 1.3593 11.121 9.761 20 0.10326 0.001087 1131.3 374.06 2720.9 2346.8 374.06 2837.7 2463.6 1.3748 11.209 9.835 22 0.08510 0.001087 1362.0 377.95 2722.0 2344.1 377.95 2837.9 2459.9 1.3903 11.300 9.909 24 0.06991 0.001087 1644.7 381.82 2723.1 2341.3 381.82 2838.1 2456.2 1.4057 11.391 9.985 26 0.05725 0.001087 1992.2 385.66 2724.2 2338.5 385.66 2838.2 2452.5 1.4212 11.484 10.063 28 0.04673 0.001086 2421.0 389.47 2725.2 2335.7 389.47 2838.3 2448.8 1.4367 11.578 10.141 30 0.03802 0.001086 2951.7 393.25 2726.2 2332.9 393.25 2838.4 2445.1 1.4521 11.673 10.221 32 0.03082 0.001086 3610.9 397.00 2727.2 2330.2 397.00 2838.4 2441.4 1.4676 11.770 10.303 34 0.02490 0.001085 4432.4 400.72 2728.1 2327.4 400.72 2838.5 2437.7 1.4831 11.869 10.386 36 0.02004 0.001085 5460.1 404.40 2729.0 2324.6 404.40 2838.4 2434.0 1.4986 11.969 10.470 38 0.01608 0.001085 6750.5 408.07 2729.9 2321.8 408.07 2838.4 2430.3 1.5141 12.071 10.557 40 0.01285 0.001084 8376.7 411.70 2730.7 2319.0 411.70 2838.3 2426.6 1.5296 12.174 10.644 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 923 7/12/11 14:26:01 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 926 TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 40 51.25 0.0007054 0.36081 0.036 207.40 207.37 0.000 225.86 225.86 0.00000 0.96866 0.96866 38 56.86 0.0007083 0.32732 2.475 206.04 208.51 2.515 224.61 227.12 0.01072 0.95511 0.96584 36 62.95 0.0007112 0.29751 4.992 204.67 209.66 5.037 223.35 228.39 0.02138 0.94176 0.96315 34 69.56 0.0007142 0.27090 7.517 203.29 210.81 7.566 222.09 229.65 0.03199 0.92859 0.96058 32 76.71 0.0007172 0.24711 10.05 201.91 211.96 10.10 220.81 230.91 0.04253 0.91560 0.95813 30 84.43 0.0007203 0.22580 12.59 200.52 213.11 12.65 219.52 232.17 0.05301 0.90278 0.95579 28 92.76 0.0007234 0.20666 15.13 199.12 214.25 15.20 218.22 233.43 0.06344 0.89012 0.95356 26 101.73 0.0007265 0.18946 17.69 197.72 215.40 17.76 216.92 234.68 0.07382 0.87762 0.95144 24 111.37 0.0007297 0.17395 20.25 196.30 216.55 20.33 215.59 235.92 0.08414 0.86527 0.94941 22 121.72 0.0007329 0.15995 22.82 194.88 217.70 22.91 214.26 s237.17 0.09441 0.85307 0.94748 20 132.82 0.0007362 0.14729 25.39 193.45 218.84 25.49 212.91 238.41 0.10463 0.84101 0.94564 18 144.69 0.0007396 0.13583 27.98 192.01 219.98 28.09 211.55 239.64 0.11481 0.82908 0.94389 16 157.38 0.0007430 0.12542 30.57 190.56 221.13 30.69 210.18 240.87 0.12493 0.81729 0.94222 14 170.93 0.0007464 0.11597 33.17 189.09 222.27 33.30 208.79 242.09 0.13501 0.80561 0.94063 12 185.37 0.0007499 0.10736 35.78 187.62 223.40 35.92 207.38 243.30 0.14504 0.79406 0.93911 10 200.74 0.0007535 0.099516 38.40 186.14 224.54 38.55 205.96 244.51 0.15504 0.78263 0.93766 8 217.08 0.0007571 0.092352 41.03 184.64 225.67 41.19 204.52 245.72 0.16498 0.77130 0.93629 6 234.44 0.0007608 0.085802 43.66 183.13 226.80 43.84 203.07 246.91 0.17489 0.76008 0.93497 4 252.85 0.0007646 0.079804 46.31 181.61 227.92 46.50 201.60 248.10 0.18476 0.74896 0.93372 2 272.36 0.0007684 0.074304 48.96 180.08 229.04 49.17 200.11 249.28 0.19459 0.73794 0.93253 0 293.01 0.0007723 0.069255 51.63 178.53 230.16 51.86 198.60 250.45 0.20439 0.72701 0.93139 2 314.84 0.0007763 0.064612 54.30 176.97 231.27 54.55 197.07 251.61 0.21415 0.71616 0.93031 4 337.90 0.0007804 0.060338 56.99 175.39 232.38 57.25 195.51 252.77 0.22387 0.70540 0.92927 6 362.23 0.0007845 0.056398 59.68 173.80 233.48 59.97 193.94 253.91 0.23356 0.69471 0.92828 8 387.88 0.0007887 0.052762 62.39 172.19 234.58 62.69 192.35 255.04 0.24323 0.68410 0.92733 10 414.89 0.0007930 0.049403 65.10 170.56 235.67 65.43 190.73 256.16 0.25286 0.67356 0.92641 12 443.31 0.0007975 0.046295 67.83 168.92 236.75 68.18 189.09 257.27 0.26246 0.66308 0.92554 14 473.19 0.0008020 0.043417 70.57 167.26 237.83 70.95 187.42 258.37 0.27204 0.65266 0.92470 16 504.58 0.0008066 0.040748 73.32 165.58 238.90 73.73 185.73 259.46 0.28159 0.64230 0.92389 18 537.52 0.0008113 0.038271 76.08 163.88 239.96 76.52 184.01 260.53 0.29112 0.63198 0.92310 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 926 7/12/11 14:26:02 APÉNDICE 1 927 TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Pres. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 20 572.07 0.0008161 0.035969 78.86 162.16 241.02 79.32 182.27 261.59 0.30063 0.62172 0.92234 22 608.27 0.0008210 0.033828 81.64 160.42 242.06 82.14 180.49 262.64 0.31011 0.61149 0.92160 24 646.18 0.0008261 0.031834 84.44 158.65 243.10 84.98 178.69 263.67 0.31958 0.60130 0.92088 26 685.84 0.0008313 0.029976 87.26 156.87 244.12 87.83 176.85 264.68 0.32903 0.59115 0.92018 28 727.31 0.0008366 0.028242 90.09 155.05 245.14 90.69 174.99 265.68 0.33846 0.58102 0.91948 30 770.64 0.0008421 0.026622 92.93 153.22 246.14 93.58 173.08 266.66 0.34789 0.57091 0.91879 32 815.89 0.0008478 0.025108 95.79 151.35 247.14 96.48 171.14 267.62 0.35730 0.56082 0.91811 34 863.11 0.0008536 0.023691 98.66 149.46 248.12 99.40 169.17 268.57 0.36670 0.55074 0.91743 36 912.35 0.0008595 0.022364 101.55 147.54 249.08 102.33 167.16 269.49 0.37609 0.54066 0.91675 38 963.68 0.0008657 0.021119 104.45 145.58 250.04 105.29 165.10 270.39 0.38548 0.53058 0.91606 40 1017.1 0.0008720 0.019952 107.38 143.60 250.97 108.26 163.00 271.27 0.39486 0.52049 0.91536 42 1072.8 0.0008786 0.018855 110.32 141.58 251.89 111.26 160.86 272.12 0.40425 0.51039 0.91464 44 1130.7 0.0008854 0.017824 113.28 139.52 252.80 114.28 158.67 272.95 0.41363 0.50027 0.91391 46 1191.0 0.0008924 0.016853 116.26 137.42 253.68 117.32 156.43 273.75 0.42302 0.49012 0.91315 48 1253.6 0.0008996 0.015939 119.26 135.29 254.55 120.39 154.14 274.53 0.43242 0.47993 0.91236 52 1386.2 0.0009150 0.014265 125.33 130.88 256.21 126.59 149.39 275.98 0.45126 0.45941 0.91067 56 1529.1 0.0009317 0.012771 131.49 126.28 257.77 132.91 144.38 277.30 0.47018 0.43863 0.90880 60 1682.8 0.0009498 0.011434 137.76 121.46 259.22 139.36 139.10 278.46 0.48920 0.41749 0.90669 65 1891.0 0.0009750 0.009950 145.77 115.05 260.82 147.62 132.02 279.64 0.51320 0.39039 0.90359 70 2118.2 0.0010037 0.008642 154.01 108.14 262.15 156.13 124.32 280.46 0.53755 0.36227 0.89982 75 2365.8 0.0010372 0.007480 162.53 100.60 263.13 164.98 115.85 280.82 0.56241 0.33272 0.89512 80 2635.3 0.0010772 0.006436 171.40 92.23 263.63 174.24 106.35 280.59 0.58800 0.30111 0.88912 85 2928.2 0.0011270 0.005486 180.77 82.67 263.44 184.07 95.44 279.51 0.61473 0.26644 0.88117 90 3246.9 0.0011932 0.004599 190.89 71.29 262.18 194.76 82.35 277.11 0.64336 0.22674 0.87010 95 3594.1 0.0012933 0.003726 202.40 56.47 258.87 207.05 65.21 272.26 0.67578 0.17711 0.85289 100 3975.1 0.0015269 0.002630 218.72 29.19 247.91 224.79 33.58 258.37 0.72217 0.08999 0.81215 Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F). 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 927 7/12/11 14:26:02 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 928 TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, Energía interna, Entalpía, Entropía, m3/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg · K Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P kPa Tsat °C vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 60 36.95 0.0007098 0.31121 3.798 205.32 209.12 3.841 223.95 227.79 0.01634 0.94807 0.96441 70 33.87 0.0007144 0.26929 7.680 203.20 210.88 7.730 222.00 229.73 0.03267 0.92775 0.96042 80 31.13 0.0007185 0.23753 11.15 201.30 212.46 11.21 220.25 231.46 0.04711 0.90999 0.95710 90 28.65 0.0007223 0.21263 14.31 199.57 213.88 14.37 218.65 233.02 0.06008 0.89419 0.95427 100 26.37 0.0007259 0.19254 17.21 197.98 215.19 17.28 217.16 234.44 0.07188 0.87995 0.95183 120 22.32 0.0007324 0.16212 22.40 195.11 217.51 22.49 214.48 236.97 0.09275 0.85503 0.94779 140 18.77 0.0007383 0.14014 26.98 192.57 219.54 27.08 212.08 239.16 0.11087 0.83368 0.94456 160 15.60 0.0007437 0.12348 31.09 190.27 221.35 31.21 209.90 241.11 0.12693 0.81496 0.94190 180 12.73 0.0007487 0.11041 34.83 188.16 222.99 34.97 207.90 242.86 0.14139 0.79826 0.93965 200 10.09 0.0007533 0.099867 38.28 186.21 224.48 38.43 206.03 244.46 0.15457 0.78316 0.93773 240 5.38 0.0007620 0.083897 44.48 182.67 227.14 44.66 202.62 247.28 0.17794 0.75664 0.93458 280 1.25 0.0007699 0.072352 49.97 179.50 229.46 50.18 199.54 249.72 0.19829 0.73381 0.93210 320 2.46 0.0007772 0.063604 54.92 176.61 231.52 55.16 196.71 251.88 0.21637 0.71369 0.93006 360 5.82 0.0007841 0.056738 59.44 173.94 233.38 59.72 194.08 253.81 0.23270 0.69566 0.92836 400 8.91 0.0007907 0.051201 63.62 171.45 235.07 63.94 191.62 255.55 0.24761 0.67929 0.92691 450 12.46 0.0007985 0.045619 68.45 168.54 237.00 68.81 188.71 257.53 0.26465 0.66069 0.92535 500 15.71 0.0008059 0.041118 72.93 165.82 238.75 73.33 185.98 259.30 0.28023 0.64377 0.92400 550 18.73 0.0008130 0.037408 77.10 163.25 240.35 77.54 183.38 260.92 0.29461 0.62821 0.92282 600 21.55 0.0008199 0.034295 81.02 160.81 241.83 81.51 180.90 262.40 0.30799 0.61378 0.92177 650 24.20 0.0008266 0.031646 84.72 158.48 243.20 85.26 178.51 263.77 0.32051 0.60030 0.92081 700 26.69 0.0008331 0.029361 88.24 156.24 244.48 88.82 176.21 265.03 0.33230 0.58763 0.91994 750 29.06 0.0008395 0.027371 91.59 154.08 245.67 92.22 173.98 266.20 0.34345 0.57567 0.91912 800 31.31 0.0008458 0.025621 94.79 152.00 246.79 95.47 171.82 267.29 0.35404 0.56431 0.91835 850 33.45 0.0008520 0.024069 97.87 149.98 247.85 98.60 169.71 268.31 0.36413 0.55349 0.91762 900 35.51 0.0008580 0.022683 100.83 148.01 248.85 101.61 167.66 269.26 0.37377 0.54315 0.91692 950 37.48 0.0008641 0.021438 103.69 146.10 249.79 104.51 165.64 270.15 0.38301 0.53323 0.91624 1000 39.37 0.0008700 0.020313 106.45 144.23 250.68 107.32 163.67 270.99 0.39189 0.52368 0.91558 1200 46.29 0.0008934 0.016715 116.70 137.11 253.81 117.77 156.10 273.87 0.42441 0.48863 0.91303 1400 52.40 0.0009166 0.014107 125.94 130.43 256.37 127.22 148.90 276.12 0.45315 0.45734 0.91050 1600 57.88 0.0009400 0.012123 134.43 124.04 258.47 135.93 141.93 277.86 0.47911 0.42873 0.90784 1800 62.87 0.0009639 0.010559 142.33 117.83 260.17 144.07 135.11 279.17 0.50294 0.40204 0.90498 2000 67.45 0.0009886 0.009288 149.78 111.73 261.51 151.76 128.33 280.09 0.52509 0.37675 0.90184 2500 77.54 0.0010566 0.006936 166.99 96.47 263.45 169.63 111.16 280.79 0.57531 0.31695 0.89226 3000 86.16 0.0011406 0.005275 183.04 80.22 263.26 186.46 92.63 279.09 0.62118 0.25776 0.87894 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 928 7/12/11 14:26:02 APÉNDICE 1 931 20 10 4 1 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.01 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Entalpía, kJ/kg Pr es ió n, M Pa 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 0.2 0.4 2 20 10 4 1 0.1 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.2 R-134a T = 0 T = 0°°CC 2020 –20 –20 –40 –40 –60 –60 4040 6060 8080 100 15 00 0. 64 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 0. 6 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 –4 0 –2 0 0 2 0 40 6 0 80 1 00 12 0 14 0 T = 1 60 °C 18 0 20 0 2. 48 2. 64 2. 72s = 2 .5 6 22 0 24 0 26 0 28 0 30 0 X = 0 .5 0. 72 0. 80 0. 88 0. 96 1. 04 1. 12 1. 20 1. 28 1. 36 1. 44 1. 52 1. 60 1. 68 1. 76 1. 84 1. 92 2. 00 2. 08 2. 24 2. 32 2. 40 2. 48 s = 2. 16 k J/ kg K 14 50 14 00 13 50 13 00 12 50 12 00 k g/ m 3 11 50 11 00 10 50 10 00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0 70 0 600 500 400 300 160 120 90 70 60 50 40 32 24 16 12 8 6 4 3.2 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 T = 0°C 20 –20 –40 –60 40 60 80 –2 0 20 4 0 60 8 0 10 0 12 0 14 0 T = 1 60 °C 18 0 20 0 24 0 26 0 28 0 30 0 va po r sa tu ra do líq ui do s at ur ad o s 2 .1 6 kJ /k g Densidad = 200 kg/m 3 0.4 2 FIGURA A-14 Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a. Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a. Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas. Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 931 7/12/11 14:26:03 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 932 FIGURA A-15 Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert. Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin. 1.00 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R P v — – R T P v — – R T FA C T O R D E C O M PR E SI B IL ID A D , Z = 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 a) Presiones bajas, 0 < PR < 1.0 T R = 1.0 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.60 2.00 3.00 T R = 5.00 0.60 0.60 1.80 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 v R = 0. 7 2.00 2.2 0 2.40 2.60 3 .00 3.50 4 .00 5 .00 6.00 8.00 2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.05 1.10 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.90 0.95Z P R 0.70 30 20 15 12 10 vr R GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT Gráfica núm. 1 VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, P —– Pcr PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R = TR = 2.5 Z 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00 TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, T —– Tcr T R = v ––—––– RTcr / Pcr v R = 1953 NOTA ---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0% GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT Gráfica núm. 2 VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, P —– Pcr PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R = TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, T —– Tcr T R = v —– RTcr / Pcr v R = 1953T R = 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.80 2.00 3.50 2.50 T R = 5.00 v R = 0 .20 0. 25 0.3 0 0 .35 0 .40 0.4 5 v R = 0.5 0 0.6 0 0. 70 0.8 0 0.9 0 1.0 0 1.2 0 1.4 0 1.6 0 3. 00 2.0 0 3. 00 5 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R FA C T O R D E C O M PR E SI B IL ID A D , Z = b) Presiones intermedias, 0 < P R < 7 0.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.51.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 0.750.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.60 0.65 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 932 7/12/11 14:26:03 APÉNDICE 1 933 TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Velocidad Conductivi- Altitud, Temperatura, Presión, Gravedad del sonido, Densidad, Viscosidad dad térmica, m °C kPa g, m/s2 m/s kg/m3 m, kg/m · s W/m · K 0 15.00 101.33 9.807 340.3 1.225 1.789  105 0.0253 200 13.70 98.95 9.806 339.5 1.202 1.783  105 0.0252 400 12.40 96.61 9.805 338.8 1.179 1.777  105 0.0252 600 11.10 94.32 9.805 338.0 1.156 1.771  105 0.0251 800 9.80 92.08 9.804 337.2 1.134 1.764  105 0.0250 1000 8.50 89.88 9.804 336.4 1.112 1.758  105 0.0249 1200 7.20 87.72 9.803 335.7 1.090 1.752  105 0.0248 1400 5.90 85.60 9.802 334.9 1.069 1.745  105 0.0247 1600 4.60 83.53 9.802 334.1 1.048 1.739  105 0.0245 1800 3.30 81.49 9.801 333.3 1.027 1.732  105 0.0244 2000 2.00 79.50 9.800 332.5 1.007 1.726  105 0.0243 2200 0.70 77.55 9.800 331.7 0.987 1.720  105 0.0242 2400 0.59 75.63 9.799 331.0 0.967 1.713  105 0.0241 2600 1.89 73.76 9.799 330.2 0.947 1.707  105 0.0240 2800 3.19 71.92 9.798 329.4 0.928 1.700  105 0.0239 3000 4.49 70.12 9.797 328.6 0.909 1.694  105 0.0238 3200 5.79 68.36 9.797 327.8 0.891 1.687  105 0.0237 3400 7.09 66.63 9.796 327.0 0.872 1.681  105 0.0236 3600 8.39 64.94 9.796 326.2 0.854 1.674  105 0.0235 3800 9.69 63.28 9.795 325.4 0.837 1.668  105 0.0234 4000 10.98 61.66 9.794 324.6 0.819 1.661  105 0.0233 4200 12.3 60.07 9.794 323.8 0.802 1.655  105 0.0232 4400 13.6 58.52 9.793 323.0 0.785 1.648  105 0.0231 4600 14.9 57.00 9.793 322.2 0.769 1.642  105 0.0230 4800 16.2 55.51 9.792 321.4 0.752 1.635  105 0.0229 5000 17.5 54.05 9.791 320.5 0.736 1.628  105 0.0228 5200 18.8 52.62 9.791 319.7 0.721 1.622  105 0.0227 5400 20.1 51.23 9.790 318.9 0.705 1.615  105 0.0226 5600 21.4 49.86 9.789 318.1 0.690 1.608  105 0.0224 5800 22.7 48.52 9.785 317.3 0.675 1.602  105 0.0223 6000 24.0 47.22 9.788 316.5 0.660 1.595  105 0.0222 6200 25.3 45.94 9.788 315.6 0.646 1.588  105 0.0221 6400 26.6 44.69 9.787 314.8 0.631 1.582  105 0.0220 6600 27.9 43.47 9.786 314.0 0.617 1.575  105 0.0219 6800 29.2 42.27 9.785 313.1 0.604 1.568  105 0.0218 7000 30.5 41.11 9.785 312.3 0.590 1.561  105 0.0217 8000 36.9 35.65 9.782 308.1 0.526 1.527  105 0.0212 9000 43.4 30.80 9.779 303.8 0.467 1.493  105 0.0206 10,000 49.9 26.50 9.776 299.5 0.414 1.458  105 0.0201 12,000 56.5 19.40 9.770 295.1 0.312 1.422  105 0.0195 14,000 56.5 14.17 9.764 295.1 0.228 1.422  105 0.0195 16,000 56.5 10.53 9.758 295.1 0.166 1.422  105 0.0195 18,000 56.5 7.57 9.751 295.1 0.122 1.422  105 0.0195 Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m3, g = 9.80665 m2/s . 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 933 7/12/11 14:26:03 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 936 TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 600 17,563 12,574 212.066 220 6,391 4,562 182.639 610 17,864 12,792 212.564 230 6,683 4,770 183.938 620 18,166 13,011 213.055 240 6,975 4,979 185.180 630 18,468 13,230 213.541 250 7,266 5,188 186.370 640 18,772 13,450 214.018 260 7,558 5,396 187.514 650 19,075 13,671 214.489 270 7,849 5,604 188.614 660 19,380 13,892 214.954 280 8,141 5,813 189.673 670 19,685 14,114 215.413 290 8,432 6,021 190.695 680 19,991 14,337 215.866 298 8,669 6,190 191.502 690 20,297 14,560 216.314 300 8,723 6,229 191.682 700 20,604 14,784 216.756 310 9,014 6,437 192.638 710 20,912 15,008 217.192 320 9,306 6,645 193.562 720 21,220 15,234 217.624 330 9,597 6,853 194.459 730 21,529 15,460 218.059 340 9,888 7,061 195.328 740 21,839 15,686 218.472 350 10,180 7,270 196.173 750 22,149 15,913 218.889 360 10,471 7,478 196.995 760 22,460 16,141 219.301 370 10,763 7,687 197.794 770 22,772 16,370 219.709 380 11,055 7,895 198.572 780 23,085 16,599 220.113 390 11,347 8,104 199.331 790 23,398 16,830 220.512 400 11,640 8,314 200.071 800 23,714 17,061 220.907 410 11,932 8,523 200.794 810 24,027 17,292 221.298 420 12,225 8,733 201.499 820 24,342 17,524 221.684 430 12,518 8,943 202.189 830 24,658 17,757 222.067 440 12,811 9,153 202.863 840 24,974 17,990 222.447 450 13,105 9,363 203.523 850 25,292 18,224 222.822 460 13,399 9,574 204.170 860 25,610 18,459 223.194 470 13,693 9,786 204.803 870 25,928 18,695 223.562 480 13,988 9,997 205.424 880 26,248 18,931 223.927 490 14,285 10,210 206.033 890 26,568 19,168 224.288 500 14,581 10,423 206.630 900 26,890 19,407 224.647 510 14,876 10,635 207.216 910 27,210 19,644 225.002 520 15,172 10,848 207.792 920 27,532 19,883 225.353 530 15,469 11,062 208.358 930 27,854 20,122 225.701 540 15,766 11,277 208.914 940 28,178 20,362 226.047 550 16,064 11,492 209.461 950 28,501 20,603 226.389 560 16,363 11,707 209.999 960 28,826 20,844 226.728 570 16,662 11,923 210.528 970 29,151 21,086 227.064 580 16,962 12,139 211.049 980 29,476 21,328 227.398 590 17,262 12,356 211.562 990 29,803 21,571 227.728 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 936 7/12/11 14:26:04 APÉNDICE 1 937 TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 30,129 21,815 228.057 1760 56,227 41,594 247.396 1020 30,784 22,304 228.706 1780 56,938 42,139 247.798 1040 31,442 22,795 229.344 1800 57,651 42,685 248.195 1060 32,101 23,288 229.973 1820 58,363 43,231 248.589 1080 32,762 23,782 230.591 1840 59,075 43,777 248.979 1100 33,426 24,280 231.199 1860 59,790 44,324 249.365 1120 34,092 24,780 231.799 1880 60,504 44,873 249.748 1140 34,760 25,282 232.391 1900 61,220 45,423 250.128 1160 35,430 25,786 232.973 1920 61,936 45,973 250.502 1180 36,104 26,291 233.549 1940 62,654 46,524 250.874 1200 36,777 26,799 234.115 1960 63,381 47,075 251.242 1220 37,452 27,308 234.673 1980 64,090 47,627 251.607 1240 38,129 27,819 235.223 2000 64,810 48,181 251.969 1260 38,807 28,331 235.766 2050 66,612 49,567 252.858 1280 39,488 28,845 236.302 2100 68,417 50,957 253.726 1300 40,170 29,361 236.831 2150 70,226 52,351 254.578 1320 40,853 29,378 237.353 2200 72,040 53,749 255.412 1340 41,539 30,398 237.867 2250 73,856 55,149 256.227 1360 42,227 30,919 238.376 2300 75,676 56,553 257.027 1380 42,915 31,441 238.878 2350 77,496 57,958 257.810 1400 43,605 31,964 239.375 2400 79,320 59,366 258.580 1420 44,295 32,489 239.865 2450 81,149 60,779 259.332 1440 44,988 33,014 240.350 2500 82,981 62,195 260.073 1460 45,682 33,543 240.827 2550 84,814 63,613 260.799 1480 46,377 34,071 241.301 2600 86,650 65,033 261.512 1500 47,073 34,601 241.768 2650 88,488 66,455 262.213 1520 47,771 35,133 242.228 2700 90,328 67,880 262.902 1540 48,470 35,665 242.685 2750 92,171 69,306 263.577 1560 49,168 36,197 243.137 2800 94,014 70,734 264.241 1580 49,869 36,732 243.585 2850 95,859 72,163 264.895 1600 50,571 37,268 244.028 2900 97,705 73,593 265.538 1620 51,275 37,806 244.464 2950 99,556 75,028 266.170 1640 51,980 38,344 244.896 3000 101,407 76,464 266.793 1660 52,686 38,884 245.324 3050 103,260 77,902 267.404 1680 53,393 39,424 245.747 3100 105,115 79,341 268.007 1700 54,099 39,965 246.166 3150 106,972 80,782 268.601 1720 54,807 40,507 246.580 3200 108,830 82,224 269.186 1740 55,516 41,049 246.990 3250 110,690 83,668 269.763 Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 937 7/12/11 14:26:04 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 938 TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 600 17,929 12,940 226.346 220 6,404 4,575 196.171 610 18,250 13,178 226.877 230 6,694 4,782 197.461 620 18,572 13,417 227.400 240 6,984 4,989 198.696 630 18,895 13,657 227.918 250 7,275 5,197 199.885 640 19,219 13,898 228.429 260 7,566 5,405 201.027 650 19,544 14,140 228.932 270 7,858 5,613 202.128 660 19,870 14,383 229.430 280 8,150 5,822 203.191 670 20,197 14,626 229.920 290 8,443 6,032 204.218 680 20,524 14,871 230.405 298 8,682 6,203 205.033 690 20,854 15,116 230.885 300 8,736 6,242 205.213 700 21,184 15,364 231.358 310 9,030 6,453 206.177 710 21,514 15,611 231.827 320 9,325 6,664 207.112 720 21,845 15,859 232.291 330 9,620 6,877 208.020 730 22,177 16,107 232.748 340 9,916 7,090 208.904 740 22,510 16,357 233.201 350 10,213 7,303 209.765 750 22,844 16,607 233.649 360 10,511 7,518 210.604 760 23,178 16,859 234.091 370 10,809 7,733 211.423 770 23,513 17,111 234.528 380 11,109 7,949 212.222 780 23,850 17,364 234.960 390 11,409 8,166 213.002 790 24,186 17,618 235.387 400 11,711 8,384 213.765 800 24,523 17,872 235.810 410 12,012 8,603 214.510 810 24,861 18,126 236.230 420 12,314 8,822 215.241 820 25,199 18,382 236.644 430 12,618 9,043 215.955 830 25,537 18,637 237.055 440 12,923 9,264 216.656 840 25,877 18,893 237.462 450 13,228 9,487 217.342 850 26,218 19,150 237.864 460 13,525 9,710 218.016 860 26,559 19,408 238.264 470 13,842 9,935 218.676 870 26,899 19,666 238.660 480 14,151 10,160 219.326 880 27,242 19,925 239.051 490 14,460 10,386 219.963 890 27,584 20,185 239.439 500 14,770 10,614 220.589 900 27,928 20,445 239.823 510 15,082 10,842 221.206 910 28,272 20,706 240.203 520 15,395 11,071 221.812 920 28,616 20,967 240.580 530 15,708 11,301 222.409 930 28,960 21,228 240.953 540 16,022 11,533 222.997 940 29,306 21,491 241.323 550 16,338 11,765 223.576 950 29,652 21,754 241.689 560 16,654 11,998 224.146 960 29,999 22,017 242.052 570 16,971 12,232 224.708 970 30,345 22,280 242.411 580 17,290 12,467 225.262 980 30,692 22,544 242.768 590 17,609 12,703 225.808 990 31,041 22,809 242.120 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 938 7/12/11 14:26:05 APÉNDICE 1 941 TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 42,769 34,455 269.215 1760 86,420 71,787 301.543 1020 43,859 35,378 270.293 1780 87,612 72,812 302.217 1040 44,953 36,306 271.354 1800 88,806 73,840 302.884 1060 46,051 37,238 272.400 1820 90,000 74,868 303.544 1080 47,153 38,174 273.430 1840 91,196 75,897 304.198 1100 48,258 39,112 274.445 1860 92,394 76,929 304.845 1120 49,369 40,057 275.444 1880 93,593 77,962 305.487 1140 50,484 41,006 276.430 1900 94,793 78,996 306.122 1160 51,602 41,957 277.403 1920 95,995 80,031 306.751 1180 52,724 42,913 278.361 1940 97,197 81,067 307.374 1200 53,848 43,871 297.307 1960 98,401 82,105 307.992 1220 54,977 44,834 280.238 1980 99,606 83,144 308.604 1240 56,108 45,799 281.158 2000 100,804 84,185 309.210 1260 57,244 46,768 282.066 2050 103,835 86,791 310.701 1280 58,381 47,739 282.962 2100 106,864 89,404 312.160 1300 59,522 48,713 283.847 2150 109,898 92,023 313.589 1320 60,666 49,691 284.722 2200 112,939 94,648 314.988 1340 61,813 50,672 285.586 2250 115,984 97,277 316.356 1360 62,963 51,656 286.439 2300 119,035 99,912 317.695 1380 64,116 52,643 287.283 2350 122,091 102,552 319.011 1400 65,271 53,631 288.106 2400 125,152 105,197 320.302 1420 66,427 54,621 288.934 2450 128,219 107,849 321.566 1440 67,586 55,614 289.743 2500 131,290 110,504 322.808 1460 68,748 56,609 290.542 2550 134,368 113,166 324.026 1480 66,911 57,606 291.333 2600 137,449 115,832 325.222 1500 71,078 58,606 292.114 2650 140,533 118,500 326.396 1520 72,246 59,609 292.888 2700 143,620 121,172 327.549 1540 73,417 60,613 292.654 2750 146,713 123,849 328.684 1560 74,590 61,620 294.411 2800 149,808 126,528 329.800 1580 76,767 62,630 295.161 2850 152,908 129,212 330.896 1600 76,944 63,741 295.901 2900 156,009 131,898 331.975 1620 78,123 64,653 296.632 2950 159,117 134,589 333.037 1640 79,303 65,668 297.356 3000 162,226 137,283 334.084 1660 80,486 66,592 298.072 3050 165,341 139,982 335.114 1680 81,670 67,702 298.781 3100 168,456 142,681 336.126 1700 82,856 68,721 299.482 3150 171,576 145,385 337.124 1720 84,043 69,742 300.177 3200 174,695 148,089 338.109 1740 85,231 70,764 300.863 3250 177,822 150,801 339.069 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 941 7/12/11 14:26:05 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 942 TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 600 17,611 12,622 218.204 220 6,391 4,562 188.683 610 17,915 12,843 218.708 230 6,683 4,771 189.980 620 18,221 13,066 219.205 240 6,975 4,979 191.221 630 18,527 13,289 219.695 250 7,266 5,188 192.411 640 18,833 13,512 220.179 260 7,558 5,396 193.554 650 19,141 13,736 220.656 270 7,849 5,604 194.654 660 19,449 13,962 221.127 280 8,140 5,812 195.713 670 19,758 14,187 221.592 290 8,432 6,020 196.735 680 20,068 14,414 222.052 298 8,669 6,190 197.543 690 20,378 14,641 222.505 300 8,723 6,229 197.723 700 20,690 14,870 222.953 310 9,014 6,437 198.678 710 21,002 15,099 223.396 320 9,306 6,645 199.603 720 21,315 15,328 223.833 330 9,597 6,854 200.500 730 21,628 15,558 224.265 340 9,889 7,062 201.371 740 21,943 15,789 224.692 350 10,181 7,271 202.217 750 22,258 16,022 225.115 360 10,473 7,480 203.040 760 22,573 16,255 225.533 370 10,765 7,689 203.842 770 22,890 16,488 225.947 380 11,058 7,899 204.622 780 23,208 16,723 226.357 390 11,351 8,108 205.383 790 23,526 16,957 226.762 400 11,644 8,319 206.125 800 23,844 17,193 227.162 410 11,938 8,529 206.850 810 24,164 17,429 227.559 420 12,232 8,740 207.549 820 24,483 17,665 227.952 430 12,526 8,951 208.252 830 24,803 17,902 228.339 440 12,821 9,163 208.929 840 25,124 18,140 228.724 450 13,116 9,375 209.593 850 25,446 18,379 229.106 460 13,412 9,587 210.243 860 25,768 18,617 229.482 470 13,708 9,800 210.880 870 26,091 18,858 229.856 480 14,005 10,014 211.504 880 26,415 19,099 230.227 490 14,302 10,228 212.117 890 26,740 19,341 230.593 500 14,600 10,443 212.719 900 27,066 19,583 230.957 510 14,898 10,658 213.310 910 27,392 19,826 231.317 520 15,197 10,874 213.890 920 27,719 20,070 231.674 530 15,497 11,090 214.460 930 28,046 20,314 232.028 540 15,797 11,307 215.020 940 28,375 20,559 232.379 550 16,097 11,524 215.572 950 28,703 20,805 232.727 560 16,399 11,743 216.115 960 29,033 21,051 233.072 570 16,701 11,961 216.649 970 29,362 21,298 233.413 580 17,003 12,181 217.175 980 29,693 21,545 233.752 590 17,307 12,401 217.693 990 30,024 21,793 234.088 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 942 7/12/11 14:26:05 APÉNDICE 1 943 TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 30,355 22,041 234.421 1760 56,756 42,123 253.991 1020 31,020 22,540 235.079 1780 57,473 42,673 254.398 1040 31,688 23,041 235.728 1800 58,191 43,225 254.797 1060 32,357 23,544 236.364 1820 58,910 43,778 255.194 1080 33,029 24,049 236.992 1840 59,629 44,331 255.587 1100 33,702 24,557 237.609 1860 60,351 44,886 255.976 1120 34,377 25,065 238.217 1880 61,072 45,441 256.361 1140 35,054 25,575 238.817 1900 61,794 45,997 256.743 1160 35,733 26,088 239.407 1920 62,516 46,552 257.122 1180 36,406 26,602 239.989 1940 63,238 47,108 257.497 1200 37,095 27,118 240.663 1960 63,961 47,665 257.868 1220 37,780 27,637 241.128 1980 64,684 48,221 258.236 1240 38,466 28,426 241.686 2000 65,408 48,780 258.600 1260 39,154 28,678 242.236 2050 67,224 50,179 259.494 1280 39,844 29,201 242.780 2100 69,044 51,584 260.370 1300 40,534 29,725 243.316 2150 70,864 52,988 261.226 1320 41,226 30,251 243.844 2200 72,688 54,396 262.065 1340 41,919 30,778 244.366 2250 74,516 55,809 262.887 1360 42,613 31,306 244.880 2300 76,345 57,222 263.692 1380 43,309 31,836 245.388 2350 78,178 58,640 264.480 1400 44,007 32,367 245.889 2400 80,015 60,060 265.253 1420 44,707 32,900 246.385 2450 81,852 61,482 266.012 1440 45,408 33,434 246.876 2500 83,692 62,906 266.755 1460 46,110 33,971 247.360 2550 85,537 64,335 267.485 1480 46,813 34,508 247.839 2600 87,383 65,766 268.202 1500 47,517 35,046 248.312 2650 89,230 67,197 268.905 1520 48,222 35,584 248.778 2700 91,077 68,628 269.596 1540 48,928 36,124 249.240 2750 92,930 70,066 270.285 1560 49,635 36,665 249.695 2800 94,784 71,504 270.943 1580 50,344 37,207 250.147 2850 96,639 72,945 271.602 1600 51,053 37,750 250.592 2900 98,495 74,383 272.249 1620 51,763 38,293 251.033 2950 100,352 75,825 272.884 1640 52,472 38,837 251.470 3000 102,210 77,267 273.508 1660 53,184 39,382 251.901 3050 104,073 78,715 274.123 1680 53,895 39,927 252.329 3100 105,939 80,164 274.730 1700 54,609 40,474 252.751 3150 107,802 81,612 275.326 1720 55,323 41,023 253.169 3200 109,667 83,061 275.914 1740 56,039 41,572 253.582 3250 111,534 84,513 276.494 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 943 7/12/11 14:26:05 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 946 TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O (conclusión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 1000 35,882 27,568 232.597 1760 70,535 55,902 258.151 1020 36,709 28,228 233.415 1780 71,523 56,723 258.708 1040 37,542 28,895 234.223 1800 72,513 57,547 259.262 1060 38,380 29,567 235.020 1820 73,507 58,375 259.811 1080 39,223 30,243 235.806 1840 74,506 59,207 260.357 1100 40,071 30,925 236.584 1860 75,506 60,042 260.898 1120 40,923 31,611 237.352 1880 76,511 60,880 261.436 1140 41,780 32,301 238.110 1900 77,517 61,720 261.969 1160 42,642 32,997 238.859 1920 78,527 62,564 262.497 1180 43,509 33,698 239.600 1940 79,540 63,411 263.022 1200 44,380 34,403 240.333 1960 80,555 64,259 263.542 1220 45,256 35,112 241.057 1980 81,573 65,111 264.059 1240 46,137 35,827 241.773 2000 82,593 65,965 264.571 1260 47,022 36,546 242.482 2050 85,156 68,111 265.838 1280 47,912 37,270 243.183 2100 87,735 70,275 267.081 1300 48,807 38,000 243.877 2150 90,330 72,454 268.301 1320 49,707 38,732 244.564 2200 92,940 74,649 269.500 1340 50,612 39,470 245.243 2250 95,562 76,855 270.679 1360 51,521 40,213 245.915 2300 98,199 79,076 271.839 1380 52,434 40,960 246.582 2350 100,846 81,308 272.978 1400 53,351 41,711 247.241 2400 103,508 83,553 274.098 1420 54,273 42,466 247.895 2450 106,183 85,811 275.201 1440 55,198 43,226 248.543 2500 108,868 88,082 276.286 1460 56,128 43,989 249.185 2550 111,565 90,364 277.354 1480 57,062 44,756 249.820 2600 114,273 92,656 278.407 1500 57,999 45,528 250.450 2650 116,991 94,958 279.441 1520 58,942 46,304 251.074 2700 119,717 97,269 280.462 1540 59,888 47,084 251.693 2750 122,453 99,588 281.464 1560 60,838 47,868 252.305 2800 125,198 101,917 282.453 1580 61,792 48,655 252.912 2850 127,952 104,256 283.429 1600 62,748 49,445 253.513 2900 130,717 106,605 284.390 1620 63,709 50,240 254.111 2950 133,486 108,959 285.338 1640 64,675 51,039 254.703 3000 136,264 111,321 286.273 1660 65,643 51,841 255.290 3050 139,051 113,692 287.194 1680 66,614 52,646 255.873 3100 141,846 116,072 288.102 1700 67,589 53,455 256.450 3150 144,648 118,458 288.999 1720 68,567 54,267 257.022 3200 147,457 120,851 289.884 1740 69,550 55,083 257.589 3250 150,272 123,250 290.756 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 946 7/12/11 14:26:06 APÉNDICE 1 947 TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 2400 50,894 30,940 204.932 298 6,852 4,373 160.944 2450 51,936 31,566 205.362 300 6,892 4,398 161.079 2500 52,979 32,193 205.783 500 11,197 7,040 172.088 2550 54,021 32,820 206.196 1000 21,713 13,398 186.678 2600 55,064 33,447 206.601 1500 32,150 19,679 195.143 2650 56,108 34,075 206.999 1600 34,234 20,931 196.488 2700 57,152 34,703 207.389 1700 36,317 22,183 197.751 2750 58,196 35,332 207.772 1800 38,400 23,434 198.941 2800 59,241 35,961 208.148 1900 40,482 24,685 200.067 2850 60,286 36,590 208.518 2000 42,564 25,935 201.135 2900 61,332 37,220 208.882 2050 43,605 26,560 201.649 2950 62,378 37,851 209.240 2100 44,646 27,186 202.151 3000 63,425 38,482 209.592 2150 45,687 27,811 202.641 3100 65,520 39,746 210.279 2200 46,728 28,436 203.119 3200 67,619 41,013 210.945 2250 47,769 29,062 203.588 3300 69,720 42,283 211.592 2300 48,811 29,688 204.045 3400 71,824 43,556 212.220 2350 49,852 30,314 204.493 3500 73,932 44,832 212.831 TABLA A-25 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol ·K 0 0 0 0 2400 77,015 57,061 248.628 298 9,188 6,709 183.594 2450 78,801 58,431 249.364 300 9,244 6,749 183.779 2500 80,592 59,806 250.088 500 15,181 11,024 198.955 2550 82,388 61,186 250.799 1000 30,123 21,809 219.624 2600 84,189 62,572 251.499 1500 46,046 33,575 232.506 2650 85,995 63,962 252.187 1600 49,358 36,055 234.642 2700 87,806 65,358 252.864 1700 52,706 38,571 236.672 2750 89,622 66,757 253.530 1800 56,089 41,123 238.606 2800 91,442 68,162 254.186 1900 59,505 43,708 240.453 2850 93,266 69,570 254.832 2000 62,952 46,323 242.221 2900 95,095 70,983 255.468 2050 64,687 47,642 243.077 2950 96,927 72,400 256.094 2100 66,428 48,968 243.917 3000 98,763 73,820 256.712 2150 68,177 50,301 244.740 3100 102,447 76,673 257.919 2200 69,932 51,641 245.547 3200 106,145 79,539 259.093 2250 71,694 52,987 246.338 3300 109,855 82,418 260.235 2300 73,462 54,339 247.116 3400 113,578 85,309 261.347 2350 75,236 55,697 247.879 3500 117,312 88,212 262.429 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 947 7/12/11 14:26:07 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 948 TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm _ hf° _ gf° _ s ° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K Acetileno C2H2(g) +226,730 +209,170 200.85 Agua H2O() 285,830 237,180 69.92 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(g) 235,310 168,570 282.59 Alcohol etílico C2H5OH() 277,690 174,890 160.70 Alcohol metílico CH3OH(g) 200,670 162,000 239.70 Alcohol metílico CH3OH() 238,660 166,360 126.80 Amoniaco NH3(g) 46,190 16,590 192.33 Benceno C6H6(g) +82,930 +129,660 269.20 n-butano C4H10(g) 126,150 15,710 310.12 Carbón C(s) 0 0 5.74 Dióxido de carbono CO2(g) 393,520 394,360 213.80 n-dodecano C12H26(g) 291,010 +50,150 622.83 Etano C2H6(g) 84,680 32,890 229.49 Etileno C2H4(g) +52,280 +68,120 219.83 Hidrógeno H2(g) 0 0 130.68 Hidrógeno H(g) +218,000 +203,290 114.72 Hidroxilo OH(g) +39,460 +34,280 183.70 Metano CH4(g) 74,850 50,790 186.16 Monóxido de carbono CO(g) 110,530 137,150 197.65 Nitrógeno N2(g) 0 0 191.61 Nitrógeno N(g) +472,650 +455,510 153.30 n-octano C8H18(g) 208,450 +16,530 466.73 n-octano C8H18() 249,950 +6,610 360.79 Oxígeno O2(g) 0 0 205.04 Oxígeno O(g) +249,190 +231,770 161.06 Peróxido de hidrógeno H2O2(g) 136,310 105,600 232.63 Propano C3H8(g) 103,850 23,490 269.91 Propileno C3H6(g) +20,410 +62,720 266.94 Vapor de agua H2O(g) 241,820 228,590 188.83 Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 948 7/12/11 14:26:07 APÉNDICE 1 951 T R = 0.9 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.05.0 10 20 30 h i de al – h — — — — – R uT cr D es vi ac ió n de e nt al pí a Z h = = h i de al – h — — — — – R T cr –– –– h i de al – h — — — — – R uT cr D es vi ac ió n de e nt al pí a Z h = = h i de al – h — — — — – R T cr –– –– Presión reducida, P R 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.920.94 0.960.98 1.00 1.0 0 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1. 10 1.15 1.25 1.20 1. 20 1.40 1.60 1.801.70 1.50 1.5 0 1.30 1.3 0 2.80 2.602.40 2.20 2.00 2.00 1.90 3.00 4.00 0.90 0.9 5 T R P R 0.8 0 1.0 0 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 T R = 0.9 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 Va po r s atu ra do Vap or s atur ado Líquido saturado FIGURA A-29 Carta generalizada de desviación de entalpía. Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558, Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig C.5. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 951 7/12/11 14:26:08 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 952 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.05.0 10 20 30 s i de al – s — — — — – R u D es vi ac ió n de e nt ro pí a Z s = = s i de al – s — — — — – R D es vi ac ió n de e nt ro pí a s i de al – s — — — — – R u = s i de al – s — — — — – R Presión reducida, P R 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.800.80 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.0 0 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.0 4 1.06 1.061.08 1.10 1.1 0 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.50 3.00 0. 95 0.90 Tr Líquido saturado R P R 0.8 0 T R = 0 .90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 Va po r s atu rad o Vapor s aturado Z s = FIGURA A-30 Carta generalizada de desviación de entropía. Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 952 7/12/11 14:26:08 APÉNDICE 1 953 Pr ep ar ad o po r el C en tr o de E st ud io s A pl ic ad os d e Te rm od in ám ic a, U ni ve rs id ad d e Id ah o. 1. 0 0. 95 0. 90 0. 85 0. 80 0. 75 0. 70 0. 65 0. 60 0. 55 0. 50 0. 45 0. 40 0. 36 E nt al pí a — — — — — — — — — R el ac ió n de h um ed ad Δh — — Δ = Calor sensible —————– Calor total ΔHS —— ΔHT = 60 50 40 30 20 Te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o se co º C 10 0 70809010 0 11 0 12 0 C al or s en si bl e — — — — — – C al or to ta l ΔH S — — ΔH T = 1. 0 –• –5 .0 –2 .0 0. 0 1. 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4. 0 5. 0 10 .0• 0.1 0.2 0.3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 8 0. 7 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 4. 0 –4 .0 –2 .0 –1 .0 –0 .5 –0.2 • 0 En tal pía (h ) k ilo jou les po r k ilo gr am o d e a ire se co 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 Te mp era tur a d e s atu rac ión ºC 5 10 15 20 25 30 30 0.94 30 20 15 10 5 0 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.78 28 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % 30 % 20 % 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 10 % H um ed ad r el at iv a 25 te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o hú m ed o ºC 0.92 vol ume n m etro cúb ico por kilo gram o de aire sec o Relación de humedad (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco 6 4 2 A SH R A E G rá fi ca p si cr om ét ri ca n úm . 1 Te m pe ra tu ra n or m al Pr es ió n ba ro m ét ri ca 1 01 .3 25 k Pa © 1 99 2 A m er ic an S oc ie ty o f H ea tin g, R ef ri ge ra tin g an d A ir -C on di tio ni ng E ng in ee rs , I nc . N iv el d el m ar FI GU RA A -3 1 C ar ta p si cr om ét ri ca a 1 a tm d e pr es ió n to ta l. R ep ro du ci da c on p er m is o de la A m er ic an S oc ie ty o f H ea ti ng , R ef ri ge ra ti ng a nd A ir -C on di ti on in g E ng in ee rs , I nc ., A tl an ta , G eo rg ia ; us ad a co n pe rm is o. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 953 7/12/11 14:26:08 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 956 TABLA A-34 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k  1.4 Ma T0/T0* P0/P0* T/T* P/P* V/V* 0.0 0.0000 1.2679 0.0000 2.4000 0.0000 0.1 0.0468 1.2591 0.0560 2.3669 0.0237 0.2 0.1736 1.2346 0.2066 2.2727 0.0909 0.3 0.3469 1.1985 0.4089 2.1314 0.1918 0.4 0.5290 1.1566 0.6151 1.9608 0.3137 0.5 0.6914 1.1141 0.7901 1.7778 0.4444 0.6 0.8189 1.0753 0.9167 1.5957 0.5745 0.7 0.9085 1.0431 0.9929 1.4235 0.6975 0.8 0.9639 1.0193 1.0255 1.2658 0.8101 0.9 0.9921 1.0049 1.0245 1.1246 0.9110 1.0 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.2 0.9787 1.0194 0.9118 0.7958 1.1459 1.4 0.9343 1.0777 0.8054 0.6410 1.2564 1.6 0.8842 1.1756 0.7017 0.5236 1.3403 1.8 0.8363 1.3159 0.6089 0.4335 1.4046 2.0 0.7934 1.5031 0.5289 0.3636 1.4545 2.2 0.7561 1.7434 0.4611 0.3086 1.4938 2.4 0.7242 2.0451 0.4038 0.2648 1.5252 2.6 0.6970 2.4177 0.3556 0.2294 1.5505 2.8 0.6738 2.8731 0.3149 0.2004 1.5711 3.0 0.6540 3.4245 0.2803 0.1765 1.5882 P0/P0 T0/T0 T/T* P/P* V/V* 3.5 3.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 Fu nc io ne s de l f lu jo d e R ay le ig h 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 * * V V* * (1 k)Ma2 1 kMa2 P P* 1 k 1 kMa2 T T* Ma(1 k) 1 kMa2 2 P0 P0* k 1 1 kMa2 2 (k 1)Ma2 k 1 k (k 1) T0 T0* (k 1)Ma2[2 (k 1)Ma2] (1 kMa2)2 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 956 7/12/11 14:26:09 Tabla A-1E Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Tabla A-2E Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes Tabla A-3E Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes Tabla A-4E Agua sa tu ra da. Ta bla de tem pe ra tu ras Tabla A-5E Agua sa tu ra da. Ta bla de pre sio nes Tabla A-6E Va por de agua so bre ca len ta do Tabla A-7E Agua lí qui da com pri mi da Tabla A-8E Hie lo sa tu ra do. Va por de agua Figura A-9E Dia gra ma T-s pa ra el agua Figura A-10E Dia gra ma de Mo llier pa ra el agua Tabla A-11E Re fri ge ran te 134a sa tu ra do. Ta bla de tem pe ra tu ra Tabla A-12E Re fri ge ran te 134a sa tu ra do. Ta bla de pre sión Tabla A-13E Re fri ge ran te 134a so bre ca len ta do Figura A-14E Dia gra ma P-h pa ra re fri ge ran te 134a Tabla A-16E Pro pie da des de la at mós fe ra a gran al ti tud Tabla A-17E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del ai re Tabla A-18E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del ni tró ge no, N2 Tabla A-19E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del oxí ge no, O2 Tabla A-20E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del dió xi do de car bo no, CO2 Tabla A-21E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del mo nó xi do de car bo no, CO Tabla A-22E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del hi dró ge no, H2 Tabla A-23E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del va por de agua, H2O Tabla A-26E En tal pía de for ma ción, fun ción de Gibbs de for ma ción y en tro pía ab so lu ta a 77°C, 1 atm Tabla A-27E Pro pie da des de al gu nos com bus ti bles e hi dro car bu ros co mu nes Figura A-31E Grá fi ca psi cro mé tri ca a 1 atm de pre sión to tal APÉNDICE TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURASY DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 2 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 957 7/12/11 14:26:49 TABLA A-1E Ma sa mo lar, cons tan te de gas y pro pie da des del pun to crí ti co Masa Constante de gas, R Propiedades del punto crítico molar, M Btu/ psia · ft3/ Temperatura, Presión, Volumen, Sus tan cia Fór mu la lbm/lbmol lbm · R* lbm · R* R psia ft3/lbmol Agua H2O 18.015 0.1102 0.5956 1164.8 3200 0.90 Ai re — 28.97 0.06855 0.3704 238.5 547 1.41 Al co hol etí li co C2H5OH 46.07 0.04311 0.2329 929.0 926 2.68 Al co hol me tí li co CH3OH 32.042 0.06198 0.3349 923.7 1154 1.89 Amo nia co NH3 17.03 0.1166 0.6301 729.8 1636 1.16 Ar gón Ar 39.948 0.04971 0.2686 272 705 1.20 Ben ce no C6H6 78.115 0.02542 0.1374 1012 714 4.17 Bro mo Br2 159.808 0.01243 0.06714 1052 1500 2.17 n-Bu ta no C4H10 58.124 0.03417 0.1846 765.2 551 4.08 Clo ro Cl2 70.906 0.02801 0.1517 751 1120 1.99 Clo ro for mo CHCl3 119.38 0.01664 0.08988 965.8 794 3.85 Clo ru ro me tí li co CH3Cl 50.488 0.03934 0.2125 749.3 968 2.29 Crip tón Kr 83.80 0.02370 0.1280 376.9 798 1.48 Di clo ro di fluo ro me ta no (R-12) CCl2F2 120.91 0.01643 0.08874 692.4 582 3.49 Di clo ro fluo ro me ta no (R-21) CHCl2F 102.92 0.01930 0.1043 813.0 749 3.16 Dió xi do de car bo no CO2 44.01 0.04513 0.2438 547.5 1071 1.51 Dió xi do de sul fu ro SO2 64.063 0.03100 1.1675 775.2 1143 1.95 Eta no C2H6 30.020 0.06616 0.3574 549.8 708 2.37 Eti le no C2H4 28.054 0.07079 0.3825 508.3 742 1.99 He lio He 4.003 0.4961 2.6809 9.5 33.2 0.926 n-He xa no C6H14 86.178 0.02305 0.1245 914.2 439 5.89 Hi dró ge no (nor mal) H2 2.016 0.9851 5.3224 59.9 188.1 1.04 Me ta no CH4 16.043 0.1238 0.6688 343.9 673 1.59 Mo nó xi do de car bo no CO 28.011 0.07090 0.3831 240 507 1.49 Neón Ne 20.183 0.09840 0.5316 80.1 395 0.668 Ni tró ge no N2 28.013 0.07090 0.3830 227.1 492 1.44 Óxi do ni tro so N2O 44.013 0.04512 0.2438 557.4 1054 1.54 Oxí ge no O2 31.999 0.06206 0.3353 278.6 736 1.25 Pro pa no C3H8 44.097 0.04504 0.2433 665.9 617 3.20 Pro pi le no C3H6 42.081 0.04719 0.2550 656.9 670 2.90 Te tra clo ru ro de car bo no CCl4 153.82 0.01291 0.06976 1001.5 661 4.42 Te tra fluo roe ta no (R-134a) CF3CH2F 102.03 0.01946 0.1052 673.6 588.7 3.19 Tri clo ro fluo ro me ta no (R-11) CCl3F 137.37 0.01446 0.07811 848.1 635 3.97 Xe nón Xe 131.30 0.01513 0.08172 521.55 852 1.90 *Cal cu la da de R = Ru/M, don de Ru = 1.98588 Btu/lb mol · R = 10.7316 psia · ft3/lb mol · R y M es la ma sa mo lar. Fuen te: K. A. Ko be y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Che mi cal Re view 52, 1953, pp. 117-236; y ASH RAE (So cie dad Ame ri ca na de In ge nie ros de Ca le fac ción, Re fri ge ra ción y Acon di cio na mien to de Ai re), Hand book of Fun da men tals, Atlan ta, Geor gia, Ame ri can So ciety of Hea ting, Re fri ge ra tion and Air-Con di tio ning En gi neers, Inc., 1993, pp. 16.4 y 36.1. TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 958 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 958 7/12/11 14:26:49 TABLA A-2E Ca lo res es pe cí fi cos de gas ideal de va rios ga ses co mu nes (con clu sión) c) Co mo una fun ción de la tem pe ra tu ra Rango de % error Sustancia Fórmula a b c d temp., R Máx. Prom. Ace ti le no C2H2 5.21 1.2227  102 0.4812  105 0.7457  109 491-2700 1.46 0.59 Aire — 6.713 0.02609  102 0.03540  105 0.08052  109 491-3240 0.72 0.33 Amo nia co NH3 6.5846 0.34028  102 0.073034  105 0.27402  109 491-2700 0.91 0.36 Azu fre S2 6.499 0.2943  102 0.1200  105 0.1632  109 491-3240 0.99 0.38 Ben ce no C6H6 8.650 6.4322  102 2.327  105 3.179  109 491-2700 0.34 0.20 i-Bu ta no C4H10 1.890 5.520  102 1.696  105 2.044  109 491-2740 0.25 0.13 n-Bu ta no C4H10 0.945 4.929  102 1.352  105 1.433  109 491-2740 0.54 0.24 Clo ru ro de hi dró ge no HCl 7.244 0.1011  102 0.09783  105 0.1776  109 491-2740 0.22 0.08 Dió xi do de azu fre SO2 6.157 0.7689  102 0.2810  105 0.3527  109 491-3240 0.45 0.24 Dió xi do de car bo no CO2 5.316 0.79361  102 0.2581  105 0.3059  109 491-3240 0.67 0.22 Dió xi do de ni tró ge no NO2 5.48 0.7583  102 0.260  105 0.322  109 491-2700 0.46 0.18 Eta no C2H6 1.648 2.291  102 0.4722  105 0.2984  109 491-2740 0.83 0.28 Eta nol C2H6O 4.75 2.781  102 0.7651  105 0.821  109 491-2700 0.40 0.22 Eti le no C2H4 0.944 2.075  102 0.6151  105 0.7326  109 491-2740 0.54 0.13 n-He xa no C6H14 1.657 7.328  102 2.112  105 2.363  109 491-2740 0.72 0.20 Hi dró ge no H2 6.952 0.02542  102 0.02952  105 0.03565  109 491-3240 1.02 0.26 Me ta no CH4 4.750 0.6666  102 0.09352  105 0.4510  109 491-2740 1.33 0.57 Me ta nol CH4O 4.55 1.214  102 0.0898  105 0.329  109 491-1800 0.18 0.08 Mo nó xi do de car bo no CO 6.726 0.02222  102 0.03960  105 0.09100  109 491-3240 0.89 0.37 Ni tró ge no N2 6.903 0.02085  102 0.05957  105 0.1176  109 491-3240 0.59 0.34 Óxi do ní tri co NO 7.008 0.01247  102 0.07185  105 0.1715  109 491-2700 0.97 0.36 Óxi do ni tro so N2O 5.758 0.7780  102 0.2596  105 0.4331  109 491-2700 0.59 0.26 Oxí ge no O2 6.085 0.2017  102 0.05275  105 0.05372  109 491-3240 1.19 0.28 n-Pen ta no C5H12 1.618 6.028  102 1.656  105 1.732  109 491-2740 0.56 0.21 Pro pa no C3H8 0.966 4.044  102 1.159  105 1.300  109 491-2740 0.40 0.12 Pro pi le no C3H6 0.753 3.162  102 0.8981  105 1.008  109 491-2740 0.73 0.17 Trió xi do de azu fre SO3 3.918 1.935  102 0.8256  105 1.328  109 491-2340 0.29 0.13 Va por de agua H2O 7.700 0.02552  102 0.07781  105 0.1472  109 491-3240 0.53 0.24 Fuen te: Che mi cal and Pro cess Ther mody na mics, 3/E por Ky le, B. G., © 2000. Adap ta da con per mi so de Pear son Edu ca tion, Inc., Up per Sadd le Ri ver, Nue va Jer sey.TABLA A-3E (T in R, cp en Btu/lbmol · R) c p a bT cT 2 dT3 APÉNDICE 2 961 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 961 7/12/11 14:26:50 TABLA A-3E Pro pie da des de lí qui dos, só li dos y ali men tos co mu nes a) Lí qui dos Da tos de ebu lli ción a 1 atm Da tos de con ge la ción Pro pie da des de lí qui do Pun to nor mal de Ca lor la ten te Pun to Ca lor la ten te Ca lor ebu lli ción, de va po ri za ción, de conge- de fu sión, Temperatura, Densidad, es pe cí fi co, cp Sus tan cia °F hfg Btu/lbm la ción, °F hif Btu/lbm °F r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R Acei te (li ge ro) — — 77 56.8 0.430 Agua 212 970.1 32 143.5 32 62.4 1.01 90 62.1 1.00 150 61.2 1.00 212 59.8 1.01 Al co hol etí li co 173.5 368 248.8 46.4 68 49.3 0.678 Amo nia co 27.9 24.54 107.9 138.6 27.9 42.6 1.06 0 41.3 1.083 40 39.5 1.103 80 37.5 1.135 Ar gón 302.6 69.5 308.7 12.0 302.6 87.0 0.272 Ben ce no 176.4 169.4 41.9 54.2 68 54.9 0.411 n-Bu ta no 31.1 165.6 217.3 34.5 31.1 37.5 0.552 Dió xi do de car bo no 109.2* 99.6 (a 32°F) 69.8 — 32 57.8 0.583 Etanol 172.8 360.5 173.6 46.9 77 48.9 0.588 Eti lén gli col 388.6 344.0 12.6 77.9 68 69.2 0.678 Gli ce ri na 355.8 419 66.0 86.3 68 78.7 0.554 He lio 452.1 9.80 — — 452.1 9.13 5.45 Hi dró ge no 423.0 191.7 434.5 25.6 423.0 4.41 2.39 Iso bu ta no 10.9 157.8 255.5 45.5 10.9 37.1 0.545 Mer cu rio 674.1 126.7 38.0 4.90 77 847 0.033 Me ta no 258.7 219.6 296.0 25.1 258.7 26.4 0.834 160 20.0 1.074 Me ta nol 148.1 473 143.9 42.7 77 49.1 0.609 Ni tró ge no 320.4 85.4 346.0 10.9 320.4 50.5 0.492 260 38.2 0.643 Oc ta no 256.6 131.7 71.5 77.9 68 43.9 0.502 Oxí ge no 297.3 91.5 361.8 5.9 297.3 71.2 0.408 Pe tró leo — 99-165 68 40.0 0.478 Pro pa no 43.7 184.0 305.8 34.4 43.7 36.3 0.538 32 33.0 0.604 100 29.4 0.673 Sal mue ra (20% de clo ru ro de so dio por ma sa) 219.0 — 0.7 — 68 71.8 0.743 Que ro se no 399-559 108 12.8 — 68 51.2 0.478 Refrigerante 134a 15.0 93.3 141.9 — 40 88.5 0.283 15 86.0 0.294 32 80.9 0.318 90 73.6 0.348 *Tem pe ra tu ra de su bli ma ción. (A pre sio nes por de ba jo de la pre sión de pun to tri ple de 75.1 psia, el dió xi do de car bo no exis te co mo só li do o co mo gas. Tam bién, la tem pe ra tu ra de pun to de con ge la mien to del dió xi do de car bo no es la tem pe ra tu ra de pun to tri ple de –69.8°F.) TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 962 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 962 7/12/11 14:26:51 TABLA A-3E Pro pie da des de lí qui dos, só li dos y ali men tos co mu nes (con ti nua ción) b) Só li dos (los va lo res son pa ra tem pe ra tu ra am bien te, ex cep to que se in di que otra co sa) Ca lor Ca lor Den si dad, es pe cí fi co, cp Den si dad, es pe cí fi co, cp Sus tan cia r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R Sus tan cia r lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm · R Metales No metales Ace ro dul ce 489 0.119 As fal to 132 0.220 Alu mi nio Ar ci lla 62.4 0.220 100°F 0.192 Are na 94.9 32°F 0.212 Cau cho (blan do) 68.7 100°F 170 0.218 Cau cho (du ro) 71.8 200°F 0.224 Con cre to 144 0.156 300°F 0.229 Dia man te 151 0.147 400°F 0.235 Gra fi to 156 0.170 500°F 0.240 Gra ni to 169 0.243 Bron ce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 517 0.0955 Hie lo 2% Al) 50°F 0.424 Co bre 0°F 0.471 60°F 0.0862 20°F 0.491 0°F 0.0893 32°F 57.5 0.502 100°F 555 0.0925 La dri llo co mún 120 0.189 200°F 0.0938 La dri llo re frac ta rio (500 °C) 144 0.229 390°F 0.0963 Ma de ra con tra cha pa da (abe to Dou glas) 34.0 Hie rro 490 0.107 Ma de ras du ras (ma ple, en ci no, etc.) 45.0 La tón ama ri llo (65% Cu, 519 0.0955 Ma de ras sua ves (abe to, pi no, etc.) 32.0 35% Zn) Már mol 162 0.210 Mag ne sio 108 0.239 Pie dra 93.6 Ní quel 555 0.105 Pie dra ca li za 103 0.217 Pla ta 655 0.056 Vi drio pa ra ven ta nas 169 0.191 Plo mo 705 0.030 Vi drio pi rex 139 0.200 Tungs te no 1211 0.031 Ye so o ta bla de ye so 50 0.260 c) Ali men tos Calor específico, Calor específico, Btu/lbm · R Calor Btu/lbm · R Calor Con te ni do Pun to de Por encima Por debajo latente Contenido Pun to de Por encima Por debajo latente de agua, con ge la- del punto de del punto de de fusión de agua con ge la-, del punto de del punto de de fusión Alimentos % (ma sa) ción, °F congelación congelación Btu/lbm Alimentos % (masa) ción °F congelación congelación Btu/lbm Bró co li 90 31 0.921 0.471 129 Man te qui lla 16 — — 0.249 23 Ca ma rón 83 28 0.865 0.450 119 Man za nas 84 30 0.873 0.453 121 Car ne de po llo 74 27 0.793 0.423 106 Maíz dul ce 74 31 0.793 0.423 106 Car ne de res 67 — 0.737 0.402 96 Na ran jas 87 31 0.897 0.462 125 Ce re zas 80 29 0.841 0.441 115 Pa pas 78 31 0.825 0.435 112 Es pi na ca 93 31 0.945 0.481 134 Pa vo 64 — 0.713 0.393 92 Fre sas 90 31 0.921 0.471 129 Plá ta nos 75 31 0.801 0.426 108 He la do 63 22 0.705 0.390 90 Que so sui zo 39 14 0.513 0.318 56 Hue vo en te ro 74 31 0.793 0.423 106 Sal món 64 28 0.713 0.393 92 Le che en te ra 88 31 0.905 0.465 126 San día 93 31 0.945 0.481 134 Le chu ga 95 32 0.961 0.487 136 To ma tes (ma du ros) 94 31 0.953 0.484 135 Fuen te: Los va lo res han si do ob te ni dos de va rios ma nua les y otras fuen tes, o se han cal cu la do. El con te ni do de agua y los da tos de pun to de con ge la ción pa ra ali men tos pro vie nen del ASH RAE, Hand book of Fun da men tals, ver sión I-P, Atlan ta, Geor gia, Ame ri can So ciety of Hea ting, Re fri ge ra ting and Air-Con- di tio ning En gi neers, Inc., 1993, Ca pí tu lo 30, Ta bla 1. El pun to de con ge la ción es la tem pe ra tu ra a la que co mien za la con ge la ción pa ra fru tas y ver du ras, así co mo la tem pe ra tu ra pro me dio de con ge la ción pa ra otros ali men tos. APÉNDICE 2 963 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 963 7/12/11 14:26:51 TABLA A-5E Agua sa tu ra da. Ta bla de pre sio nes Vo lu men es pe cí fi co, Ener gía in ter na, En tal pía, En tro pía, ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P psia Tsat °F vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 1 101.69 0.01614 333.49 69.72 973.99 1043.7 69.72 1035.7 1105.4 0.13262 1.84495 1.9776 2 126.02 0.01623 173.71 94.02 957.45 1051.5 94.02 1021.7 1115.8 0.17499 1.74444 1.9194 3 141.41 0.01630 118.70 109.39 946.90 1056.3 109.40 1012.8 1122.2 0.20090 1.68489 1.8858 4 152.91 0.01636 90.629 120.89 938.97 1059.9 120.90 1006.0 1126.9 0.21985 1.64225 1.8621 5 162.18 0.01641 73.525 130.17 932.53 1062.7 130.18 1000.5 1130.7 0.23488 1.60894 1.8438 6 170.00 0.01645 61.982 138.00 927.08 1065.1 138.02 995.88 1133.9 0.24739 1.58155 1.8289 8 182.81 0.01652 47.347 150.83 918.08 1068.9 150.86 988.15 1139.0 0.26757 1.53800 1.8056 10 193.16 0.01659 38.425 161.22 910.75 1072.0 161.25 981.82 1143.1 0.28362 1.50391 1.7875 14.696 211.95 0.01671 26.805 180.12 897.27 1077.4 180.16 970.12 1150.3 0.31215 1.44441 1.7566 15 212.99 0.01672 26.297 181.16 896.52 1077.7 181.21 969.47 1150.7 0.31370 1.44441 1.7549 20 227.92 0.01683 20.093 196.21 885.63 1081.8 196.27 959.93 1156.2 0.33582 1.39606 1.7319 25 240.03 0.01692 16.307 208.45 876.67 1085.1 208.52 952.03 1160.6 0.35347 1.36060 1.7141 30 250.30 0.01700 13.749 218.84 868.98 1087.8 218.93 945.21 1164.1 0.36821 1.33132 1.6995 35 259.25 0.01708 11.901 227.92 862.19 1090.1 228.03 939.16 1167.2 0.38093 1.30632 1.6872 40 267.22 0.01715 10.501 236.02 856.09 1092.1 236.14 933.69 1169.8 0.39213 1.28448 1.6766 45 274.41 0.01721 9.4028 243.34 850.52 1093.9 243.49 928.68 1172.2 0.40216 1.26506 1.6672 50 280.99 0.01727 8.5175 250.05 845.39 1095.4 250.21 924.03 1174.2 0.41125 1.24756 1.6588 55 287.05 0.01732 7.7882 256.25 840.61 1096.9 256.42 919.70 1176.1 0.41958 1.23162 1.6512 60 292.69 0.01738 7.1766 262.01 836.13 1098.1 262.20 915.61 1177.8 0.42728 1.21697 1.6442 65 297.95 0.01743 6.6560 267.41 831.90 1099.3 267.62 911.75 1179.4 0.43443 1.20341 1.6378 70 302.91 0.01748 6.2075 272.50 827.90 1100.4 272.72 908.08 1180.8 0.44112 1.19078 1.6319 75 307.59 0.01752 5.8167 277.31 824.09 1101.4 277.55 904.58 1182.1 0.44741 1.17895 1.6264 80 312.02 0.01757 5.4733 281.87 820.45 1102.3 282.13 901.22 1183.4 0.45335 1.16783 1.6212 85 316.24 0.01761 5.1689 286.22 816.97 1103.2 286.50 898.00 1184.5 0.45897 1.15732 1.6163 90 320.26 0.01765 4.8972 290.38 813.62 1104.0 290.67 894.89 1185.6 0.46431 1.14737 1.6117 95 324.11 0.01770 4.6532 294.36 810.40 1104.8 294.67 891.89 1186.6 0.46941 1.13791 1.6073 100 327.81 0.01774 4.4327 298.19 807.29 1105.5 298.51 888.99 1187.5 0.47427 1.12888 1.6032 110 334.77 0.01781 4.0410 305.41 801.37 1106.8 305.78 883.44 1189.2 0.48341 1.11201 1.5954 120 341.25 0.01789 3.7289 312.16 795.79 1107.9 312.55 878.20 1190.8 0.49187 1.09646 1.5883 130 347.32 0.01796 3.4557 318.48 790.51 1109.0 318.92 873.21 1192.1 0.49974 1.08204 1.5818 140 353.03 0.01802 3.2202 324.45 785.49 1109.9 324.92 868.45 1193.4 0.50711 1.06858 1.5757 150 358.42 0.01809 3.0150 330.11 780.69 1110.8 330.61 863.88 1194.5 0.51405 1.05595 1.5700 160 363.54 0.01815 2.8347 335.49 776.10 1111.6 336.02 859.49 1195.5 0.52061 1.04405 1.5647 170 368.41 0.01821 2.6749 340.62 771.68 1112.3 341.19 855.25 1196.4 0.52682 1.03279 1.5596 180 373.07 0.01827 2.5322 345.53 767.42 1113.0 346.14 851.16 1197.3 0.53274 1.02210 1.5548 190 377.52 0.01833 2.4040 350.24 763.31 1113.6 350.89 847.19 1198.1 0.53839 1.01191 1.5503 200 381.80 0.01839 2.2882 354.78 759.32 1114.1 355.46 843.33 1198.8 0.54379 1.00219 1.5460 250 400.97 0.01865 1.8440 375.23 741.02 1116.3 376.09 825.47 1201.6 0.56784 0.95912 1.5270 300 417.35 0.01890 1.5435 392.89 724.77 1117.7 393.94 809.41 1203.3 0.58818 0.92289 1.5111 350 431.74 0.01912 1.3263 408.55 709.98 1118.5 409.79 794.65 1204.4 0.60590 0.89143 1.4973 400 444.62 0.01934 1.1617 422.70 696.31 1119.0 424.13 780.87 1205.0 0.62168 0.86350 1.4852 450 456.31 0.01955 1.0324 435.67 683.52 1119.2 437.30 767.86 1205.2 0.63595 0.83828 1.4742 500 467.04 0.01975 0.92819 447.68 671.42 1119.1 449.51 755.48 1205.0 0.64900 0.81521 1.4642 550 476.97 0.01995 0.84228 458.90 659.91 1118.8 460.93 743.60 1204.5 0.66107 0.79388 1.4550 600 486.24 0.02014 0.77020 469.46 648.88 1118.3 471.70 732.15 1203.9 0.67231 0.77400 1.4463 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 966 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 966 7/12/11 14:26:52 TABLA A-5E Agua sa tu ra da. Ta bla de pre sio nes (con clu sión) Vo lu men es pe cí fi co, Ener gía in ter na, En tal pía, En tro pía, ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P psia Tsat °F vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 700 503.13 0.02051 0.65589 488.96 627.98 1116.9 491.62 710.29 1201.9 0.69279 0.73771 1.4305 800 518.27 0.02087 0.56920 506.74 608.30 1115.0 509.83 689.48 1199.3 0.71117 0.70502 1.4162 900 532.02 0.02124 0.50107 523.19 589.54 1112.7 526.73 669.46 1196.2 0.72793 0.67505 1.4030 1000 544.65 0.02159 0.44604 538.58 571.49 1110.1 542.57 650.03 1192.6 0.74341 0.64722 1.3906 1200 567.26 0.02232 0.36241 566.89 536.87 1103.8 571.85 612.39 1184.2 0.77143 0.59632 1.3677 1400 587.14 0.02307 0.30161 592.79 503.50 1096.3 598.76 575.66 1174.4 0.79658 0.54991 1.3465 1600 604.93 0.02386 0.25516 616.99 470.69 1087.7 624.06 539.18 1163.2 0.81972 0.50645 1.3262 1800 621.07 0.02470 0.21831 640.03 437.86 1077.9 648.26 502.35 1150.6 0.84144 0.46482 1.3063 2000 635.85 0.02563 0.18815 662.33 404.46 1066.8 671.82 464.60 1136.4 0.86224 0.42409 1.2863 2500 668.17 0.02860 0.13076 717.67 313.53 1031.2 730.90 360.79 1091.7 0.91311 0.31988 1.2330 3000 695.41 0.03433 0.08460 783.39 186.41 969.8 802.45 214.32 1016.8 0.97321 0.18554 1.1587 3200.1 705.10 0.04975 0.04975 866.61 0 866.6 896.07 0 896.1 1.05257 0 1.0526 APÉNDICE 2 967 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 967 7/12/11 14:26:52 TABLA A-6E Va por de agua so bre ca len ta do s s s T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ °F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P  1.0 psia (101.69°F)* P  5.0 psia (162.18°F) P  10 psia (193.16°F) Sat.† 333.49 1043.7 1105.4 1.9776 73.525 1062.7 1130.7 1.8438 38.425 1072.0 1143.1 1.7875 200 392.53 1077.5 1150.1 2.0509 78.153 1076.2 1148.5 1.8716 38.849 1074.5 1146.4 1.7926 240 416.44 1091.2 1168.3 2.0777 83.009 1090.3 1167.1 1.8989 41.326 1089.1 1165.5 1.8207 280 440.33 1105.0 1186.5 2.1030 87.838 1104.3 1185.6 1.9246 43.774 1103.4 1184.4 1.8469 320 464.20 1118.9 1204.8 2.1271 92.650 1118.4 1204.1 1.9490 46.205 1117.6 1203.1 1.8716 360 488.07 1132.9 1223.3 2.1502 97.452 1132.5 1222.6 1.9722 48.624 1131.9 1221.8 1.8950 400 511.92 1147.1 1241.8 2.1722 102.25 1146.7 1241.3 1.9944 51.035 1146.2 1240.6 1.9174 440 535.77 1161.3 1260.4 2.1934 107.03 1160.9 1260.0 2.0156 53.441 1160.5 1259.4 1.9388 500 571.54 1182.8 1288.6 2.2237 114.21 1182.6 1288.2 2.0461 57.041 1182.2 1287.8 1.9693 600 631.14 1219.4 1336.2 2.2709 126.15 1219.2 1335.9 2.0933 63.029 1219.0 1335.6 2.0167 700 690.73 1256.8 1384.6 2.3146 138.09 1256.7 1384.4 2.1371 69.007 1256.5 1384.2 2.0605 800 750.31 1295.1 1433.9 2.3553 150.02 1294.9 1433.7 2.1778 74.980 1294.8 1433.5 2.1013 1000 869.47 1374.2 1535.1 2.4299 173.86 1374.2 1535.0 2.2524 86.913 1374.1 1534.9 2.1760 1200 988.62 1457.1 1640.0 2.4972 197.70 1457.0 1640.0 2.3198 98.840 1457.0 1639.9 2.2433 1400 1107.8 1543.7 1748.7 2.5590 221.54 1543.7 1748.7 2.3816 110.762 1543.6 1748.6 2.3052 P  15 psia (212.99°F) P  20 psia (227.92°F) P  40 psia (267.22°F) Sat. 26.297 1077.7 1150.7 1.7549 20.093 1081.8 1156.2 1.7319 10.501 1092.1 1169.8 1.6766 240 27.429 1087.8 1163.9 1.7742 20.478 1086.5 1162.3 1.7406 280 29.085 1102.4 1183.2 1.8010 21.739 1101.4 1181.9 1.7679 10.713 1097.3 1176.6 1.6858 320 30.722 1116.9 1202.2 1.8260 22.980 1116.1 1201.2 1.7933 11.363 1112.9 1197.1 1.7128 360 32.348 1131.3 1221.1 1.8496 24.209 1130.7 1220.2 1.8171 11.999 1128.1 1216.9 1.7376 400 33.965 1145.7 1239.9 1.8721 25.429 1145.1 1239.3 1.8398 12.625 1143.1 1236.5 1.7610 440 35.576 1160.1 1258.8 1.8936 26.644 1159.7 1258.3 1.8614 13.244 1157.9 1256.0 1.7831 500 37.986 1181.9 1287.3 1.9243 28.458 1181.6 1286.9 1.8922 14.165 1180.2 1285.0 1.8143 600 41.988 1218.7 1335.3 1.9718 31.467 1218.5 1334.9 1.9398 15.686 1217.5 1333.6 1.8625 700 45.981 1256.3 1383.9 2.0156 34.467 1256.1 1383.7 1.9837 17.197 1255.3 1382.6 1.9067 800 49.967 1294.6 1433.3 2.0565 37.461 1294.5 1433.1 2.0247 18.702 1293.9 1432.3 1.9478 1000 57.930 1374.0 1534.8 2.1312 43.438 1373.8 1534.6 2.0994 21.700 1373.4 1534.1 2.0227 1200 65.885 1456.9 1639.8 2.1986 49.407 1456.8 1639.7 2.1668 24.691 1456.5 1639.3 2.0902 1400 73.836 1543.6 1748.5 2.2604 55.373 1543.5 1748.4 2.2287 27.678 1543.3 1748.1 2.1522 1600 81.784 1634.0 1861.0 2.3178 61.335 1633.9 1860.9 2.2861 30.662 1633.7 1860.7 2.2096 P  60 psia (292.69°F) P  80 psia (312.02°F) P  100 psia (327.81°F) Sat. 7.1766 1098.1 1177.8 1.6442 5.4733 1102.3 1183.4 1.6212 4.4327 1105.5 1187.5 1.6032 320 7.4863 1109.6 1192.7 1.6636 5.5440 1105.9 1187.9 1.6271 360 7.9259 1125.5 1213.5 1.6897 5.8876 1122.7 1209.9 1.6545 4.6628 1119.8 1206.1 1.6263 400 8.3548 1140.9 1233.7 1.7138 6.2187 1138.7 1230.8 1.6794 4.9359 1136.4 1227.8 1.6521 440 8.7766 1156.1 1253.6 1.7364 6.5420 1154.3 1251.2 1.7026 5.2006 1152.4 1248.7 1.6759 500 9.4005 1178.8 1283.1 1.7682 7.0177 1177.3 1281.2 1.7350 5.5876 1175.9 1279.3 1.7088 600 10.4256 1216.5 1332.2 1.8168 7.7951 1215.4 1330.8 1.7841 6.2167 1214.4 1329.4 1.7586 700 11.4401 1254.5 1381.6 1.8613 8.5616 1253.8 1380.5 1.8289 6.8344 1253.0 1379.5 1.8037 800 12.4484 1293.3 1431.5 1.9026 9.3218 1292.6 1430.6 1.8704 7.4457 1292.0 1429.8 1.8453 1000 14.4543 1373.0 1533.5 1.9777 10.8313 1372.6 1532.9 1.9457 8.6575 1372.2 1532.4 1.9208 1200 16.4525 1456.2 1638.9 2.0454 12.3331 1455.9 1638.5 2.0135 9.8615 1455.6 1638.1 1.9887 1400 18.4464 1543.0 1747.8 2.1073 13.8306 1542.8 1747.5 2.0755 11.0612 1542.6 1747.2 2.0508 1600 20.438 1633.5 1860.5 2.1648 15.3257 1633.3 1860.2 2.1330 12.2584 1633.2 1860.0 2.1083 1800 22.428 1727.6 1976.6 2.2187 16.8192 1727.5 1976.5 2.1869 13.4541 1727.3 1976.3 2.1622 2000 24.417 1825.2 2096.3 2.2694 18.3117 1825.0 2096.1 2.2376 14.6487 1824.9 2096.0 2.2130 * La tem pe ra tu ra en tre pa rén te sis es la tem pe ra tu ra de sa tu ra ción a la pre sión es pe ci fi ca da. † Pro pie da des del va por sa tu ra do a la pre sión es pe ci fi ca da. TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 968 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 968 7/12/11 14:26:52 TABLA A-6E Va por de agua so bre ca len ta do (con clu sión) s s s T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ °F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm ·R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm ·R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm ·R P  1500 psia (596.26°F) P  1750 psia (617.17°F) P  2000 psia (635.85°F) Sat. 0.27695 1092.1 1169.0 1.3362 0.22681 1080.5 1153.9 1.3112 0.18815 1066.8 1136.4 1.2863 600 0.28189 1097.2 1175.4 1.3423 650 0.33310 1147.2 1239.7 1.4016 0.26292 1122.8 1207.9 1.3607 0.20586 1091.4 1167.6 1.3146 700 0.37198 1183.6 1286.9 1.4433 0.30252 1166.8 1264.7 1.4108 0.24894 1147.6 1239.8 1.3783 750 0.40535 1214.4 1326.9 1.4771 0.33455 1201.5 1309.8 1.4489 0.28074 1187.4 1291.3 1.4218 800 0.43550 1242.2 1363.1 1.5064 0.36266 1231.7 1349.1 1.4807 0.30763 1220.5 1334.3 1.4567 850 0.46356 1268.2 1396.9 1.5328 0.38835 1259.3 1385.1 1.5088 0.33169 1250.0 1372.8 1.4867 900 0.49015 1293.1 1429.2 1.5569 0.41238 1285.4 1419.0 1.5341 0.35390 1277.5 1408.5 1.5134 1000 0.54031 1340.9 1490.8 1.6007 0.45719 1334.9 1482.9 1.5796 0.39479 1328.7 1474.9 1.5606 1100 0.58781 1387.3 1550.5 1.6402 0.49917 1382.4 1544.1 1.6201 0.43266 1377.5 1537.6 1.6021 1200 0.63355 1433.3 1609.2 1.6767 0.53932 1429.2 1603.9 1.6572 0.46864 1425.1 1598.5 1.6400 1400 0.72172 1525.7 1726.0 1.7432 0.61621 1522.6 1722.1 1.7245 0.53708 1519.5 1718.3 1.7081 1600 0.80714 1619.8 1843.8 1.8033 0.69031 1617.4 1840.9 1.7852 0.60269 1615.0 1838.0 1.7693 1800 0.89090 1716.4 1963.7 1.8589 0.76273 1714.5 1961.5 1.8410 0.66660 1712.5 1959.2 1.8255 2000 0.97358 1815.9 2086.1 1.9108 0.83406 1814.2 2084.3 1.8931 0.72942 1812.6 2082.6 1.8778 P  2500 psia (668.17°F) P  3000 psia (695.41°F) P  3500 psia Sat. 0.13076 1031.2 1091.7 1.2330 0.08460 969.8 1016.8 1.1587 650 0.02492 663.7 679.9 0.8632 700 0.16849 1098.4 1176.3 1.3072 0.09838 1005.3 1059.9 1.1960 0.03065 760.0 779.9 0.9511 750 0.20327 1154.9 1249.0 1.3686 0.14840 1114.1 1196.5 1.3118 0.10460 1057.6 1125.4 1.2434 800 0.22949 1195.9 1302.0 1.4116 0.17601 1167.5 1265.3 1.3676 0.13639 1134.3 1222.6 1.3224 850 0.25174 1230.1 1346.6 1.4463 0.19771 1208.2 1317.9 1.4086 0.15847 1183.8 1286.5 1.3721 900 0.27165 1260.7 1386.4 1.4761 0.21640 1242.8 1362.9 1.4423 0.17659 1223.4 1337.8 1.4106 950 0.29001 1289.1 1423.3 1.5028 0.23321 1273.9 1403.3 1.4716 0.19245 1257.8 1382.4 1.4428 1000 0.30726 1316.1 1458.2 1.5271 0.24876 1302.8 1440.9 1.4978 0.20687 1289.0 1423.0 1.4711 1100 0.33949 1367.3 1524.4 1.5710 0.27732 1356.8 1510.8 1.5441 0.23289 1346.1 1496.9 1.5201 1200 0.36966 1416.6 1587.6 1.6103 0.30367 1408.0 1576.6 1.5850 0.25654 1399.3 1565.4 1.5627 1400 0.42631 1513.3 1710.5 1.6802 0.35249 1507.0 1702.7 1.6567 0.29978 1500.7 1694.8 1.6364 1600 0.48004 1610.1 1832.2 1.7424 0.39830 1605.3 1826.4 1.7199 0.33994 1600.4 1820.5 1.7006 1800 0.53205 1708.6 1954.8 1.7991 0.44237 1704.7 1950.3 1.7773 0.37833 1700.8 1945.8 1.7586 2000 0.58295 1809.4 2079.1 1.8518 0.48532 1806.1 2075.6 1.8304 0.41561 1802.9 2072.1 1.8121 P  4000 psia P  5000 psia P  6000 psia 650 0.02448 657.9 676.1 0.8577 0.02379 648.3 670.3 0.8485 0.02325 640.3 666.1 0.8408 700 0.02871 742.3 763.6 0.9347 0.02678 721.8 746.6 0.9156 0.02564 708.1 736.5 0.9028 750 0.06370 962.1 1009.2 1.1410 0.03373 821.8 853.0 1.0054 0.02981 788.7 821.8 0.9747 800 0.10520 1094.2 1172.1 1.2734 0.05937 986.9 1041.8 1.1581 0.03949 897.1 941.0 1.0711 850 0.12848 1156.7 1251.8 1.3355 0.08551 1092.4 1171.5 1.2593 0.05815 1018.6 1083.1 1.1819 900 0.14647 1202.5 1310.9 1.3799 0.10390 1155.9 1252.1 1.3198 0.07584 1103.5 1187.7 1.2603 950 0.16176 1240.7 1360.5 1.4157 0.11863 1203.9 1313.6 1.3643 0.09010 1163.7 1263.7 1.3153 1000 0.17538 1274.6 1404.4 1.4463 0.13128 1244.0 1365.5 1.4004 0.10208 1211.4 1324.7 1.3578 1100 0.19957 1335.1 1482.8 1.4983 0.15298 1312.2 1453.8 1.4590 0.12211 1288.4 1424.0 1.4237 1200 0.22121 1390.3 1554.1 1.5426 0.17185 1372.1 1531.1 1.5070 0.13911 1353.4 1507.8 1.4758 1300 0.24128 1443.0 1621.6 1.5821 0.18902 1427.8 1602.7 1.5490 0.15434 1412.5 1583.8 1.5203 1400 0.26028 1494.3 1687.0 1.6182 0.20508 1481.4 1671.1 1.5868 0.16841 1468.4 1655.4 1.5598 1600 0.29620 1595.5 1814.7 1.6835 0.23505 1585.6 1803.1 1.6542 0.19438 1575.7 1791.5 1.6294 1800 0.33033 1696.8 1941.4 1.7422 0.26320 1689.0 1932.5 1.7142 0.21853 1681.1 1923.7 1.6907 2000 0.36335 1799.7 2068.6 1.7961 0.29023 1793.2 2061.7 1.7689 0.24155 1786.7 2054.9 1.7463 APÉNDICE 2 971 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 971 7/12/11 14:26:53 TABLA A-7E Agua lí qui da com pri mi da T v u h s v u h s v u h s °F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm·R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm·R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm·R P  500 psia (467.04°F) P  1000 psia (544.65°F) P  1500 psia (596.26°F) Sat. 0.019750 447.68 449.51 0.64900 0.021595 538.58 542.57 0.74341 0.023456 605.07 611.58 0.80836 32 0.015994 0.01 1.49 0.00001 0.015966 0.03 2.99 0.00005 0.015939 0.05 4.48 0.00008 50 0.015998 18.03 19.51 0.03601 0.015972 17.99 20.95 0.03593 0.015946 17.95 22.38 0.03584 100 0.016107 67.86 69.35 0.12930 0.016083 67.69 70.67 0.12899 0.016059 67.53 71.98 0.12869 150 0.016317 117.70 119.21 0.21462 0.016292 117.42 120.43 0.21416 0.016267 117.14 121.66 0.21369 200 0.016607 167.70 169.24 0.29349 0.016580 167.31 170.38 0.29289 0.016553 166.92 171.52 0.29229 250 0.016972 218.04 219.61 0.36708 0.016941 217.51 220.65 0.36634 0.016911 217.00 221.69 0.36560 300 0.017417 268.92 270.53 0.43641 0.017380 268.24 271.46 0.43551 0.017345 267.57 272.39 0.43463 350 0.017954 320.64 322.30 0.50240 0.017910 319.77 323.08 0.50132 0.017866 318.91 323.87 0.50025 400 0.018609 373.61 375.33 0.56595 0.018552 372.48 375.91 0.56463 0.018496 371.37 376.51 0.56333 450 0.019425 428.44 430.24 0.62802 0.019347 426.93 430.51 0.62635 0.019271 425.47 430.82 0.62472 500 0.020368 484.03 487.80 0.68764 0.020258 482.01 487.63 0.68550 550 0.021595 542.50 548.50 0.74731 P  2000 psia (635.85°F) P  3000 psia (695.41°F) P  5000 psia Sat. 0.025634 662.33 671.82 0.86224 0.034335 783.39 802.45 0.97321 32 0.015912 0.07 5.96 0.00010 0.015859 0.10 8.90 0.00011 0.015756 0.13 14.71 0.00002 50 0.015921 17.91 23.80 0.03574 0.015870 17.83 26.64 0.03554 0.015773 17.65 32.25 0.03505 100 0.016035 67.36 73.30 0.12838 0.015988 67.04 75.91 0.12776 0.015897 66.41 81.12 0.12652 200 0.016527 166.54 172.66 0.29170 0.016475 165.79 174.94 0.29053 0.016375 164.36 179.51 0.28824 300 0.017310 266.92 273.33 0.43376 0.017242 265.65 275.22 0.43204 0.017112 263.24 279.07 0.42874 400 0.018442 370.30 377.12 0.56205 0.018338 368.22 378.41 0.55959 0.018145 364.35 381.14 0.55492 450 0.019199 424.06 431.16 0.62314 0.019062 421.36 431.94 0.62010 0.018812 416.40 433.80 0.61445 500 0.020154 480.08 487.54 0.68346 0.019960 476.45 487.53 0.67958 0.019620 469.94 488.10 0.67254 560 0.021739 552.21 560.26 0.75692 0.021405 546.59 558.47 0.75126 0.020862 537.08 556.38 0.74154 600 0.023317 605.77 614.40 0.80898 0.022759 597.42 610.06 0.80086 0.021943 584.42 604.72 0.78803 640 0.024765 654.52 668.27 0.85476 0.023358 634.95 656.56 0.83603 680 0.028821 728.63 744.64 0.92288 0.025366 690.67 714.14 0.88745 700 0.026777 721.78 746.56 0.91564 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 972 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 972 7/12/11 14:26:53 TABLA A-8E Hie lo sa tu ra do. Va por de agua Vo lu men es pe cí fi co, Ener gía in ter na, En tal pía, En tro pía, Pres. ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/Ibm · R sat., Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Hielo Vapor Temp., Psat sat., sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., sat., Subl., sat., T °F psia vi vg ui uig ug hi hig hg si sig sg 32.018 0.08871 0.01747 3299.6 143.34 1164.2 1020.9 143.34 1218.3 1075.0 0.29146 2.4779 2.1864 32 0.08864 0.01747 3302.6 143.35 1164.2 1020.9 143.35 1218.4 1075.0 0.29148 2.4779 2.1865 30 0.08086 0.01747 3605.8 144.35 1164.6 1020.2 144.35 1218.5 1074.2 0.29353 2.4883 2.1948 25 0.06405 0.01746 4505.8 146.85 1165.4 1018.6 146.85 1218.8 1072.0 0.29865 2.5146 2.2160 20 0.05049 0.01746 5657.6 149.32 1166.2 1016.9 149.32 1219.1 1069.8 0.30377 2.5414 2.2376 15 0.03960 0.01745 7138.9 151.76 1167.0 1015.2 151.76 1219.3 1067.6 0.30889 2.5687 2.2598 10 0.03089 0.01744 9054.0 154.18 1167.8 1013.6 154.18 1219.5 1065.4 0.31401 2.5965 2.2825 5 0.02397 0.01743 11,543 156.57 1168.5 1011.9 156.57 1219.7 1063.1 0.31913 2.6248 2.3057 0 0.01850 0.01743 14,797 158.94 1169.2 1010.3 158.94 1219.9 1060.9 0.32426 2.6537 2.3295 5 0.01420 0.01742 19,075 161.28 1169.9 1008.6 161.28 1220.0 1058.7 0.32938 2.6832 2.3538 10 0.01083 0.01741 24,731 163.60 1170.6 1007.0 163.60 1220.1 1056.5 0.33451 2.7133 2.3788 15 0.00821 0.01740 32,257 165.90 1171.2 1005.3 165.90 1220.2 1054.3 0.33964 2.7440 2.4044 20 0.00619 0.01740 42,335 168.16 1171.8 1003.6 168.16 1220.3 1052.1 0.34478 2.7754 2.4306 25 0.00463 0.01739 55,917 170.41 1172.4 1002.0 170.41 1220.3 1049.9 0.34991 2.8074 2.4575 30 0.00344 0.01738 74,345 172.63 1173.0 1000.3 172.63 1220.3 1047.7 0.35505 2.8401 2.4850 35 0.00254 0.01738 99,526 174.83 1173.5 998.7 174.83 1220.3 1045.5 0.36019 2.8735 2.5133 40 0.00186 0.01737 134,182 177.00 1174.0 997.0 177.00 1220.3 1043.3 0.36534 2.9076 2.5423 APÉNDICE 2 973 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 973 7/12/11 14:26:54 TABLA A-11E Re fri ge ran te 134a sa tu ra do. Ta bla de tem pe ra tu ra Vo lu men es pe cí fi co, Ener gía in ter na, En tal pía, En tro pía, ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm ·R Pres. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Temp., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., T °F Psat psia vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 40 7.432 0.01130 5.7796 0.016 89.167 89.15 0.000 97.100 97.10 0.00000 0.23135 0.23135 35 8.581 0.01136 5.0509 1.484 88.352 89.84 1.502 96.354 97.86 0.00355 0.22687 0.23043 30 9.869 0.01143 4.4300 2.990 87.532 90.52 3.011 95.601 98.61 0.00708 0.22248 0.22956 25 11.306 0.01150 3.8988 4.502 86.706 91.21 4.526 94.839 99.36 0.01058 0.21817 0.22875 20 12.906 0.01156 3.4426 6.019 85.874 91.89 6.047 94.068 100.12 0.01405 0.21394 0.22798 15 14.680 0.01163 3.0494 7.543 85.036 92.58 7.574 93.288 100.86 0.01749 0.20978 0.22727 10 16.642 0.01171 2.7091 9.073 84.191 93.26 9.109 92.498 101.61 0.02092 0.20569 0.22660 5 18.806 0.01178 2.4137 10.609 83.339 93.95 10.650 91.698 102.35 0.02431 0.20166 0.22598 0 21.185 0.01185 2.1564 12.152 82.479 94.63 12.199 90.886 103.08 0.02769 0.19770 0.22539 5 23.793 0.01193 1.9316 13.702 81.610 95.31 13.755 90.062 103.82 0.03104 0.19380 0.22485 10 26.646 0.01201 1.7345 15.259 80.733 95.99 15.318 89.226 104.54 0.03438 0.18996 0.22434 15 29.759 0.01209 1.5612 16.823 79.846 96.67 16.889 88.377 105.27 0.03769 0.18617 0.22386 20 33.147 0.01217 1.4084 18.394 78.950 97.34 18.469 87.514 105.98 0.04098 0.18243 0.22341 25 36.826 0.01225 1.2732 19.973 78.043 98.02 20.056 86.636 106.69 0.04426 0.17874 0.22300 30 40.813 0.01234 1.1534 21.560 77.124 98.68 21.653 85.742 107.40 0.04752 0.17509 0.22260 35 45.124 0.01242 1.0470 23.154 76.195 99.35 23.258 84.833 108.09 0.05076 0.17148 0.22224 40 49.776 0.01251 0.95205 24.757 75.253 100.01 24.873 83.907 108.78 0.05398 0.16791 0.22189 45 54.787 0.01261 0.86727 26.369 74.298 100.67 26.497 82.963 109.46 0.05720 0.16437 0.22157 50 60.175 0.01270 0.79136 27.990 73.329 101.32 28.131 82.000 110.13 0.06039 0.16087 0.22127 55 65.957 0.01280 0.72323 29.619 72.346 101.97 29.775 81.017 110.79 0.06358 0.15740 0.22098 60 72.152 0.01290 0.66195 31.258 71.347 102.61 31.431 80.013 111.44 0.06675 0.15396 0.22070 65 78.780 0.01301 0.60671 32.908 70.333 103.24 33.097 78.988 112.09 0.06991 0.15053 0.22044 70 85.858 0.01312 0.55681 34.567 69.301 103.87 34.776 77.939 112.71 0.07306 0.14713 0.22019 75 93.408 0.01323 0.51165 36.237 68.251 104.49 36.466 76.866 113.33 0.07620 0.14375 0.21995 80 101.45 0.01334 0.47069 37.919 67.181 105.10 38.169 75.767 113.94 0.07934 0.14038 0.21972 85 110.00 0.01347 0.43348 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949 90 119.08 0.01359 0.39959 41.317 64.979 106.30 41.617 73.485 115.10 0.08559 0.13368 0.21926 95 128.72 0.01372 0.36869 43.036 63.844 106.88 43.363 72.299 115.66 0.08870 0.13033 0.21904 100 138.93 0.01386 0.34045 44.768 62.683 107.45 45.124 71.080 116.20 0.09182 0.12699 0.21881 105 149.73 0.01400 0.31460 46.514 61.496 108.01 46.902 69.825 116.73 0.09493 0.12365 0.21858 110 161.16 0.01415 0.29090 48.276 60.279 108.56 48.698 68.533 117.23 0.09804 0.12029 0.21834 115 173.23 0.01430 0.26913 50.054 59.031 109.08 50.512 67.200 117.71 0.10116 0.11693 0.21809 120 185.96 0.01446 0.24909 51.849 57.749 109.60 52.346 65.823 118.17 0.10428 0.11354 0.21782 130 213.53 0.01482 0.21356 55.495 55.071 110.57 56.080 62.924 119.00 0.11054 0.10670 0.21724 140 244.06 0.01521 0.18315 59.226 52.216 111.44 59.913 59.801 119.71 0.11684 0.09971 0.21655 150 277.79 0.01567 0.15692 63.059 49.144 112.20 63.864 56.405 120.27 0.12321 0.09251 0.21572 160 314.94 0.01619 0.13410 67.014 45.799 112.81 67.958 52.671 120.63 0.12970 0.08499 0.21469 170 355.80 0.01681 0.11405 71.126 42.097 113.22 72.233 48.499 120.73 0.13634 0.07701 0.21335 180 400.66 0.01759 0.09618 75.448 37.899 113.35 76.752 43.726 120.48 0.14323 0.06835 0.21158 190 449.90 0.01860 0.07990 80.082 32.950 113.03 81.631 38.053 119.68 0.15055 0.05857 0.20911 200 504.00 0.02009 0.06441 85.267 26.651 111.92 87.140 30.785 117.93 0.15867 0.04666 0.20533 210 563.76 0.02309 0.04722 91.986 16.498 108.48 94.395 19.015 113.41 0.16922 0.02839 0.19761 Fuen te: Las ta blas A-11E a A-13E se ge ne ra ron uti li zan do el pro gra ma pa ra re sol ver ecua cio nes de in ge nie ría (EES) de sa rro lla do por S. A. Klein y F. L. Al va ra do. La ru ti na uti li za da en los cál cu los es el R134a, el cual es tá ba sa do en la ecua ción fun da men tal de es ta do de sa rro lla da por R. Till ner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An In ter na tio nal Stan dard For mu la tion for the Ther mody na mic Pro per ties de 1,1,1,2-Te tra fluo re ta no (HFC-134a) for tem pe ra tu res from 170 K to 455 K and pres su res up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Da ta, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los va lo res de en tal pía y en tro pía pa ra el lí qui do sa tu ra do son ce ro a –40°C (y –40°F). TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 976 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 976 7/12/11 14:26:54 TABLA A-12E Re fri ge ran te 134a sa tu ra do. Ta bla de pre sión Vo lu men es pe cí fi co, Ener gía in ter na, Entalpía, En tro pía, ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R Temp. Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Líq. Vapor Pres., sat., sat., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., sat., Evap., sat., P psia T °F vf vg uf ufg ug hf hfg hg sf sfg sg 5 53.09 0.01113 8.3785 3.918 91.280 87.36 3.907 99.022 95.11 0.00945 0.24353 0.23408 10 29.52 0.01144 4.3753 3.135 87.453 90.59 3.156 95.528 98.68 0.00742 0.22206 0.22948 15 14.15 0.01165 2.9880 7.803 84.893 92.70 7.835 93.155 100.99 0.01808 0.20908 0.22715 20 2.43 0.01182 2.2772 11.401 82.898 94.30 11.445 91.282 102.73 0.02605 0.19962 0.22567 25 7.17 0.01196 1.8429 14.377 81.231 95.61 14.432 89.701 104.13 0.03249 0.19213 0.22462 30 15.37 0.01209 1.5492 16.939 79.780 96.72 17.006 88.313 105.32 0.03793 0.18589 0.22383 35 22.57 0.01221 1.3369 19.205 78.485 97.69 19.284 87.064 106.35 0.04267 0.18053 0.22319 40 29.01 0.01232 1.1760 21.246 77.307 98.55 21.337 85.920 107.26 0.04688 0.17580 0.22268 45 34.86 0.01242 1.0497 23.110 76.221 99.33 23.214 84.858 108.07 0.05067 0.17158 0.22225 50 40.23 0.01252 0.94791 24.832 75.209 100.04 24.948 83.863 108.81 0.05413 0.16774 0.22188 55 45.20 0.01261 0.86400 26.435 74.258 100.69 26.564 82.924 109.49 0.05733 0.16423 0.22156 60 49.84 0.01270 0.79361 27.939 73.360 101.30 28.080 82.030 110.11 0.06029 0.16098 0.22127 65 54.20 0.01279 0.73370 29.357 72.505 101.86 29.510 81.176 110.69 0.06307 0.15796 0.22102 70 58.30 0.01287 0.68205 30.700 71.688 102.39 30.867 80.357 111.22 0.06567 0.15512 0.22080 75 62.19 0.01295 0.63706 31.979 70.905 102.88 32.159 79.567 111.73 0.06813 0.15245 0.22059 80 65.89 0.01303 0.59750 33.201 70.151 103.35 33.394 78.804 112.20 0.07047 0.14993 0.22040 85 69.41 0.01310 0.56244 34.371 69.424 103.79 34.577 78.064 112.64 0.07269 0.14753 0.22022 90 72.78 0.01318 0.53113 35.495 68.719 104.21 35.715 77.345 113.06 0.07481 0.14525 0.22006 95 76.02 0.01325 0.50301 36.578 68.035 104.61 36.811 76.645 113.46 0.07684 0.14307 0.21991 100 79.12 0.01332 0.47760 37.623 67.371 104.99 37.869 75.962 113.83 0.07879 0.14097 0.21976 110 85.00 0.01347 0.43347 39.612 66.091 105.70 39.886 74.641 114.53 0.08246 0.13703 0.21949 120 90.49 0.01360 0.39644 41.485 64.869 106.35 41.787 73.371 115.16 0.08589 0.13335 0.21924 130 95.64 0.01374 0.36491 43.258 63.696 106.95 43.589 72.144 115.73 0.08911 0.12990 0.21901 140 100.51 0.01387 0.33771 44.945 62.564 107.51 45.304 70.954 116.26 0.09214 0.12665 0.21879 150 105.12 0.01400 0.31401 46.556 61.467 108.02 46.945 69.795 116.74 0.09501 0.12357 0.21857 160 109.50 0.01413 0.29316 48.101 60.401 108.50 48.519 68.662 117.18 0.09774 0.12062 0.21836 170 113.69 0.01426 0.27466 49.586 59.362 108.95 50.035 67.553 117.59 0.10034 0.11781 0.21815 180 117.69 0.01439 0.25813 51.018 58.345 109.36 51.497 66.464 117.96 0.10284 0.11511 0.21795 190 121.53 0.01452 0.24327 52.402 57.349 109.75 52.912 65.392 118.30 0.10524 0.11250 0.21774 200 125.22 0.01464 0.22983 53.743 56.371 110.11 54.285 64.335 118.62 0.10754 0.10998 0.21753 220 132.21 0.01490 0.20645 56.310 54.458 110.77 56.917 62.256 119.17 0.11192 0.10517 0.21710 240 138.73 0.01516 0.18677 58.746 52.591 111.34 59.419 60.213 119.63 0.11603 0.10061 0.21665 260 144.85 0.01543 0.16996 61.071 50.757 111.83 61.813 58.192 120.00 0.11992 0.09625 0.21617 280 150.62 0.01570 0.15541 63.301 48.945 112.25 64.115 56.184 120.30 0.12362 0.09205 0.21567 300 156.09 0.01598 0.14266 65.452 47.143 112.60 66.339 54.176 120.52 0.12715 0.08797 0.21512 350 168.64 0.01672 0.11664 70.554 42.627 113.18 71.638 49.099 120.74 0.13542 0.07814 0.21356 400 179.86 0.01757 0.09642 75.385 37.963 113.35 76.686 43.798 120.48 0.14314 0.06848 0.21161 450 190.02 0.01860 0.07987 80.092 32.939 113.03 81.641 38.041 119.68 0.15056 0.05854 0.20911 500 199.29 0.01995 0.06551 84.871 27.168 112.04 86.718 31.382 118.10 0.15805 0.04762 0.20566 APÉNDICE 2 977 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 977 7/12/11 14:26:54 TABLA A-13E Re fri ge ran te 134a so bre ca len ta do s s s T v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ v u h Btu/ °F ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R ft3/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm ·R P  10 psia (Tsat  29.52°F) P  15 psia (Tsat  14.15°F) P  20 psia (Tsat  2.43°F) Sat. 4.3753 90.59 98.68 0.22948 2.9880 92.70 100.99 0.22715 2.2772 94.30 102.73 0.22567 20 4.4856 92.13 100.43 0.23350 0 4.7135 95.41 104.14 0.24174 3.1001 95.08 103.68 0.23310 2.2922 94.72 103.20 0.22671 20 4.9380 98.77 107.91 0.24976 3.2551 98.48 107.52 0.24127 2.4130 98.19 107.12 0.23504 40 5.1600 102.20 111.75 0.25761 3.4074 101.95 111.41 0.24922 2.5306 101.70 111.07 0.24311 60 5.3802 105.72 115.67 0.26531 3.5577 105.50 115.38 0.25700 2.6461 105.28 115.07 0.25097 80 5.5989 109.32 119.68 0.27288 3.7064 109.13 119.42 0.26463 2.7600 108.93 119.15 0.25866 100 5.8165 113.01 123.78 0.28033 3.8540 112.84 123.54 0.27212 2.8726 112.66 123.29 0.26621 120 6.0331 116.79 127.96 0.28767 4.0006 116.63 127.74 0.27950 2.9842 116.47 127.52 0.27363 140 6.2490 120.66 132.22 0.29490 4.1464 120.51 132.02 0.28677 3.0950 120.37 131.82 0.28093 160 6.4642 124.61 136.57 0.30203 4.2915 124.48 136.39 0.29393 3.2051 124.35 136.21 0.28812 180 6.6789 128.65 141.01 0.30908 4.4361 128.53 140.84 0.30100 3.3146 128.41 140.67 0.29521 200 6.8930 132.77 145.53 0.31604 4.5802 132.66 145.37 0.30798 3.4237 132.55 145.22 0.30221 220 7.1068 136.98 150.13 0.32292 4.7239 136.88 149.99 0.31487 3.5324 136.78 149.85 0.30912 P  30 psia (Tsat  15.37°F) P  40 psia (Tsat  29.01°F) P  50 psia (Tsat  40.23°F) Sat. 1.5492 96.72 105.32 0.22383 1.1760 98.55 107.26 0.22268 0.9479 100.04 108.81 0.22188 20 1.5691 97.56 106.27 0.22581 40 1.6528 101.17 110.35 0.23414 1.2126 100.61 109.58 0.22738 60 1.7338 104.82 114.45 0.24219 1.2768 104.34 113.79 0.23565 1.0019 103.84 113.11 0.23031 80 1.8130 108.53 118.59 0.25002 1.3389 108.11 118.02 0.24363 1.0540 107.68 117.43 0.23847 100 1.8908 112.30 122.80 0.25767 1.3995 111.93 122.29 0.25140 1.1043 111.55 121.77 0.24637 120 1.9675 116.15 127.07 0.26517 1.4588 115.82 126.62 0.25900 1.1534 115.48 126.16 0.25406 140 2.0434 120.08 131.42 0.27254 1.5173 119.78 131.01 0.26644 1.2015 119.47 130.59 0.26159 160 2.1185 124.08 135.84 0.27979 1.5750 123.81 135.47 0.27375 1.2488 123.53 135.09 0.26896 180 2.1931 128.16 140.34 0.28693 1.6321 127.91 140.00 0.28095 1.2955 127.66 139.65 0.27621 200 2.2671 132.32 144.91 0.29398 1.6887 132.10 144.60 0.28803 1.3416 131.87 144.28 0.28333 220 2.3408 136.57 149.56 0.30092 1.7449 136.36 149.27 0.29501 1.3873 136.15 148.98 0.29036 240 2.4141 140.89 154.29 0.30778 1.8007 140.70 154.03 0.30190 1.4326 140.50 153.76 0.29728 260 2.4871 145.30 159.10 0.31456 1.8562 145.12 158.86 0.30871 1.4776 144.93 158.60 0.30411 280 2.5598 149.78 163.99 0.32126 1.9114 149.61 163.76 0.31543 1.5223 149.44 163.53 0.31086 P  60 psia (Tsat  49.84°F) P  70 psia (Tsat  58.30°F) P  80 psia (Tsat  65.89°F) Sat. 0.7936 101.30 110.11 0.22127 0.6821 102.39 111.22 0.22080 0.59750 103.35 112.20 0.22040 60 0.8179 103.31 112.39 0.22570 0.6857 102.73 111.62 0.22155 80 0.8636 107.23 116.82 0.23407 0.7271 106.76 116.18 0.23016 0.62430 106.26 115.51 0.22661 100 0.9072 111.16 121.24 0.24211 0.7662 110.76 120.68 0.23836 0.66009 110.34 120.11 0.23499 120 0.9495 115.14 125.68 0.24991 0.8037 114.78 125.19 0.24628 0.69415 114.42 124.69 0.24304 140 0.9908 119.16 130.16 0.25751 0.8401 118.85 129.73 0.25398 0.72698 118.52 129.29 0.25083 160 1.0312 123.25 134.70 0.26496 0.8756 122.97 134.31 0.26149 0.75888 122.68 133.91 0.25841 180 1.0709 127.41 139.30 0.27226 0.9105 127.15 138.94 0.26885 0.79003 126.89 138.58 0.26583 200 1.1101 131.63 143.96 0.27943 0.9447 131.40 143.63 0.27607 0.82059 131.16 143.31 0.27310 220 1.1489 135.93 148.69 0.28649 0.9785 135.71 148.39 0.28317 0.85065 135.49 148.09 0.28024 240 1.1872 140.30 153.48 0.29344 1.0118 140.10 153.21 0.29015 0.88030 139.90 152.93 0.28726 260 1.2252 144.75 158.35 0.30030 1.0449 144.56 158.10 0.29704 0.90961 144.37 157.84 0.29418 280 1.2629 149.27 163.29 0.30707 1.0776 149.10 163.06 0.30384 0.93861 148.92 162.82 0.30100 300 1.3004 153.87 168.31 0.31376 1.1101 153.71 168.09 0.31055 0.96737 153.54 167.86 0.30773 320 1.3377 158.54 173.39 0.32037 1.1424 158.39 173.19 0.31718 0.99590 158.24 172.98 0.31438 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 978 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 978 7/12/11 14:26:55 TABLA A-16E Pro pie da des de la at mós fe ra a gran al ti tud Ve lo ci dad Con duc ti vi dad Al ti tud, Tem pe ra tu ra, Pre sión, Gra ve dad, del so ni do, Den si dad, Vis co si dad tér mi ca, ft °F psia g, ft/s2 ft/s lbm/ft3 m, lbm/ft · s Btu/h · ft · R 0 59.00 14.7 32.174 1116 0.07647 1.202  105 0.0146 500 57.22 14.4 32.173 1115 0.07536 1.199  105 0.0146 1000 55.43 14.2 32.171 1113 0.07426 1.196  105 0.0146 1500 53.65 13.9 32.169 1111 0.07317 1.193  105 0.0145 2000 51.87 13.7 32.168 1109 0.07210 1.190  105 0.0145 2500 50.09 13.4 32.166 1107 0.07104 1.186  105 0.0144 3000 48.30 13.2 32.165 1105 0.06998 1.183  105 0.0144 3500 46.52 12.9 32.163 1103 0.06985 1.180  105 0.0143 4000 44.74 12.7 32.162 1101 0.06792 1.177  105 0.0143 4500 42.96 12.5 32.160 1099 0.06690 1.173  105 0.0142 5000 41.17 12.2 32.159 1097 0.06590 1.170  105 0.0142 5500 39.39 12.0 32.157 1095 0.06491 1.167  105 0.0141 6000 37.61 11.8 32.156 1093 0.06393 1.164  105 0.0141 6500 35.83 11.6 32.154 1091 0.06296 1.160  105 0.0141 7000 34.05 11.3 32.152 1089 0.06200 1.157  105 0.0140 7500 32.26 11.1 32.151 1087 0.06105 1.154  105 0.0140 8000 30.48 10.9 32.149 1085 0.06012 1.150  105 0.0139 8500 28.70 10.7 32.148 1083 0.05919 1.147  105 0.0139 9000 26.92 10.5 32.146 1081 0.05828 1.144  105 0.0138 9500 25.14 10.3 32.145 1079 0.05738 1.140  105 0.0138 10,000 23.36 10.1 32.145 1077 0.05648 1.137  105 0.0137 11,000 19.79 9.72 32.140 1073 0.05473 1.130  105 0.0136 12,000 16.23 9.34 32.137 1069 0.05302 1.124  105 0.0136 13,000 12.67 8.99 32.134 1065 0.05135 1.117  105 0.0135 14,000 9.12 8.63 32.131 1061 0.04973 1.110  105 0.0134 15,000 5.55 8.29 32.128 1057 0.04814 1.104  105 0.0133 16,000 1.99 7.97 32.125 1053 0.04659 1.097  105 0.0132 17,000 1.58 7.65 32.122 1049 0.04508 1.090  105 0.0132 18,000 5.14 7.34 32.119 1045 0.04361 1.083  105 0.0130 19,000 8.70 7.05 32.115 1041 0.04217 1.076  105 0.0129 20,000 12.2 6.76 32.112 1037 0.04077 1.070  105 0.0128 22,000 19.4 6.21 32.106 1029 0.03808 1.056  105 0.0126 24,000 26.5 5.70 32.100 1020 0.03553 1.042  105 0.0124 26,000 33.6 5.22 32.094 1012 0.03311 1.028  105 0.0122 28,000 40.7 4.78 32.088 1003 0.03082 1.014  105 0.0121 30,000 47.8 4.37 32.082 995 0.02866 1.000  105 0.0119 32,000 54.9 3.99 32.08 987 0.02661 0.986  105 0.0117 34,000 62.0 3.63 32.07 978 0.02468 0.971  105 0.0115 36,000 69.2 3.30 32.06 969 0.02285 0.956  105 0.0113 38,000 69.7 3.05 32.06 968 0.02079 0.955  105 0.0113 40,000 69.7 2.73 32.05 968 0.01890 0.955  105 0.0113 45,000 69.7 2.148 32.04 968 0.01487 0.955  105 0.0113 50,000 69.7 1.691 32.02 968 0.01171 0.955  105 0.0113 55,000 69.7 1.332 32.00 968 0.00922 0.955  105 0.0113 60,000 69.7 1.048 31.99 968 0.00726 0.955  105 0.0113 Fuen te: U.S. Stan dard At mosp he re Sup ple ments. Ofi ci na de Im pre sio nes del Go bier no de Es ta dos Uni dos, 1966. Ba sa das en las con di cio nes me dias anua les a una la ti tud de 45° y una va ria ción de acuer do con la épo ca del año y con los pa tro nes del cli ma. Las con di cio nes al ni vel del mar (z = 0) se con si de ran co mo P = 14.696 psia, T = 59 °F, r = 0.076474 lbm /ft3, g = 32.1741 ft2/s. APÉNDICE 2 981 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 981 7/12/11 14:26:55 TABLA A-17E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del ai re T h u s° T h u s° R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R 360 85.97 0.3363 61.29 396.6 0.50369 1600 395.74 71.13 286.06 8.263 0.87130 380 90.75 0.4061 64.70 346.6 0.51663 1650 409.13 80.89 296.03 7.556 0.87954 400 95.53 0.4858 68.11 305.0 0.52890 1700 422.59 90.95 306.06 6.924 0.88758 420 100.32 0.5760 71.52 270.1 0.54058 1750 436.12 101.98 316.16 6.357 0.89542 440 105.11 0.6776 74.93 240.6 0.55172 1800 449.71 114.0 326.32 5.847 0.90308 460 109.90 0.7913 78.36 215.33 0.56235 1850 463.37 127.2 336.55 5.388 0.91056 480 114.69 0.9182 81.77 193.65 0.57255 1900 477.09 141.5 346.85 4.974 0.91788 500 119.48 1.0590 85.20 174.90 0.58233 1950 490.88 157.1 357.20 4.598 0.92504 520 124.27 1.2147 88.62 158.58 0.59173 2000 504.71 174.0 367.61 4.258 0.93205 537 128.10 1.3593 91.53 146.34 0.59945 2050 518.71 192.3 378.08 3.949 0.93891 540 129.06 1.3860 92.04 144.32 0.60078 2100 532.55 212.1 388.60 3.667 0.94564 560 133.86 1.5742 95.47 131.78 0.60950 2150 546.54 223.5 399.17 3.410 0.95222 580 138.66 1.7800 98.90 120.70 0.61793 2200 560.59 256.6 409.78 3.176 0.95919 600 143.47 2.005 102.34 110.88 0.62607 2250 574.69 281.4 420.46 2.961 0.96501 620 148.28 2.249 105.78 102.12 0.63395 2300 588.82 308.1 431.16 2.765 0.97123 640 153.09 2.514 109.21 94.30 0.64159 2350 603.00 336.8 441.91 2.585 0.97732 660 157.92 2.801 112.67 87.27 0.64902 2400 617.22 367.6 452.70 2.419 0.98331 680 162.73 3.111 116.12 80.96 0.65621 2450 631.48 400.5 463.54 2.266 0.98919 700 167.56 3.446 119.58 75.25 0.66321 2500 645.78 435.7 474.40 2.125 0.99497 720 172.39 3.806 123.04 70.07 0.67002 2550 660.12 473.3 485.31 1.996 1.00064 740 177.23 4.193 126.51 65.38 0.67665 2600 674.49 513.5 496.26 1.876 1.00623 760 182.08 4.607 129.99 61.10 0.68312 2650 688.90 556.3 507.25 1.765 1.01172 780 186.94 5.051 133.47 57.20 0.68942 2700 703.35 601.9 518.26 1.662 1.01712 800 191.81 5.526 136.97 53.63 0.69558 2750 717.83 650.4 529.31 1.566 1.02244 820 196.69 6.033 140.47 50.35 0.70160 2800 732.33 702.0 540.40 1.478 1.02767 840 201.56 6.573 143.98 47.34 0.70747 2850 746.88 756.7 551.52 1.395 1.03282 860 206.46 7.149 147.50 44.57 0.71323 2900 761.45 814.8 562.66 1.318 1.03788 880 211.35 7.761 151.02 42.01 0.71886 2950 776.05 876.4 573.84 1.247 1.04288 900 216.26 8.411 154.57 39.64 0.72438 3000 790.68 941.4 585.04 1.180 1.04779 920 221.18 9.102 158.12 37.44 0.72979 3050 805.34 1011 596.28 1.118 1.05264 940 226.11 9.834 161.68 35.41 0.73509 3100 820.03 1083 607.53 1.060 1.05741 960 231.06 10.61 165.26 33.52 0.74030 3150 834.75 1161 618.82 1.006 1.06212 980 236.02 11.43 168.83 31.76 0.74540 3200 849.48 1242 630.12 0.955 1.06676 1000 240.98 12.30 172.43 30.12 0.75042 3250 864.24 1328 641.46 0.907 1.07134 1040 250.95 14.18 179.66 27.17 0.76019 3300 879.02 1418 652.81 0.8621 1.07585 1080 260.97 16.28 186.93 24.58 0.76964 3350 893.83 1513 664.20 0.8202 1.08031 1120 271.03 18.60 194.25 22.30 0.77880 3400 908.66 1613 675.60 0.7807 1.08470 1160 281.14 21.18 201.63 20.29 0.78767 3450 923.52 1719 687.04 0.7436 1.08904 1200 291.30 24.01 209.05 18.51 0.79628 3500 938.40 1829 698.48 0.7087 1.09332 1240 301.52 27.13 216.53 16.93 0.80466 3550 953.30 1946 709.95 0.6759 1.09755 1280 311.79 30.55 224.05 15.52 0.81280 3600 968.21 2068 721.44 0.6449 1.10172 1320 322.11 34.31 231.63 14.25 0.82075 3650 983.15 2196 732.95 0.6157 1.10584 1360 332.48 38.41 239.25 13.12 0.82848 3700 998.11 2330 744.48 0.5882 1.10991 1400 342.90 42.88 246.93 12.10 0.83604 3750 1013.1 2471 756.04 0.5621 1.11393 1440 353.37 47.75 254.66 11.17 0.84341 3800 1028.1 2618 767.60 0.5376 1.11791 1480 363.89 53.04 262.44 10.34 0.85062 3850 1043.1 2773 779.19 0.5143 1.12183 1520 374.47 58.78 270.26 9.578 0.85767 3900 1058.1 2934 790.80 0.4923 1.12571 1560 385.08 65.00 278.13 8.890 0.86456 3950 1073.2 3103 802.43 0.4715 1.12955 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 982 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 982 7/12/11 14:26:56 TABLA A-17E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del ai re (con clu sión) T h u s° T h u s° R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R R Btu/lbm Pr Btu/lbm vr Btu/lbm · R 4000 1088.3 3280 814.06 0.4518 1.13334 4600 1270.4 6089 955.04 0.2799 1.17575 4050 1103.4 3464 825.72 0.4331 1.13709 4700 1300.9 6701 978.73 0.2598 1.18232 4100 1118.5 3656 837.40 0.4154 1.14079 4800 1331.5 7362 1002.5 0.2415 1.18876 4150 1133.6 3858 849.09 0.3985 1.14446 4900 1362.2 8073 1026.3 0.2248 1.19508 4200 1148.7 4067 860.81 0.3826 1.14809 5000 1392.9 8837 1050.1 0.2096 1.20129 4300 1179.0 4513 884.28 0.3529 1.15522 5100 1423.6 9658 1074.0 0.1956 1.20738 4400 1209.4 4997 907.81 0.3262 1.16221 5200 1454.4 10,539 1098.0 0.1828 1.21336 4500 1239.9 5521 931.39 0.3019 1.16905 5300 1485.3 11,481 1122.0 0.1710 1.21923 No ta: Las pro pie da des Pr (pre sión re la ti va) y vr (vo lu men es pe cí fi co re la ti vo) son can ti da des adi men sio na les uti li za das en el aná li sis de pro ce sos isen tró pi- cos y no de be con fun dir se con las pro pie da des de pre sión y vo lu men es pe cí fi co. Fuen te: Ken neth Wark, Ther mody na mics, 4a. ed., Nue va York, Mc Graw-Hill, 1983, pp. 832-833, Ta bla A-5. Pu bli ca da ori gi nal men te en J. H. Kee nan y J. Ka ye, Gas Ta bles, Nue va York, John Wi ley & Sons, 1948. APÉNDICE 2 983 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 983 7/12/11 14:26:56 TABLA A-19E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del oxí ge no, O2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 300 2,073.5 1,477.8 44.927 1080 7,696.8 5,552.1 54.064 320 2,212.6 1,577.1 45.375 1100 7,850.4 5,665.9 54.204 340 2,351.7 1,676.5 45.797 1120 8,004.5 5,780.3 54.343 360 2,490.8 1,775.9 46.195 1140 8,159.1 5,895.2 54.480 380 2,630.0 1,875.3 46.571 1160 8,314.2 6,010.6 54.614 400 2,769.1 1,974.8 46.927 1180 8,469.8 6,126.5 54.748 420 2,908.3 2,074.3 47.267 1200 8,625.8 6,242.8 54.879 440 3,047.5 2,173.8 47.591 1220 8,782.4 6,359.6 55.008 460 3,186.9 2,273.4 47.900 1240 8,939.4 6,476.9 55.136 480 3,326.5 2,373.3 48.198 1260 9,096.7 6,594.5 55.262 500 3,466.2 2,473.2 48.483 1280 9,254.6 6,712.7 55.386 520 3,606.1 2,573.4 48.757 1300 9,412.9 6,831.3 55.508 537 3,725.1 2,658.7 48.982 1320 9,571.9 6,950.2 55.630 540 3,746.2 2,673.8 49.021 1340 9,730.7 7,069.6 55.750 560 3,886.6 2,774.5 49.276 1360 9,890.2 7,189.4 55.867 580 4,027.3 2,875.5 49.522 1380 10,050.1 7,309.6 55.984 600 4,168.3 2,976.8 49.762 1400 10,210.4 7,430.1 56.099 620 4,309.7 3,078.4 49.993 1420 10,371.0 7,551.1 56.213 640 4,451.4 3,180.4 50.218 1440 10,532.0 7,672.4 56.326 660 4,593.5 3,282.9 50.437 1460 10,693.3 7,793.9 56.437 680 4,736.2 3,385.8 50.650 1480 10,855.1 7,916.0 56.547 700 4,879.3 3,489.2 50.858 1500 11,017.1 8,038.3 56.656 720 5,022.9 3,593.1 51.059 1520 11,179.6 8,161.1 56.763 740 5,167.0 3,697.4 51.257 1540 11,342.4 8,284.2 56.869 760 5,311.4 3,802.4 51.450 1560 11,505.4 8,407.4 56.975 780 5,456.4 3,907.5 51.638 1580 11,668.8 8,531.1 57.079 800 5,602.0 4,013.3 51.821 1600 11,832.5 8,655.1 57.182 820 5,748.1 4,119.7 52.002 1620 11,996.6 8,779.5 57.284 840 5,894.8 4,226.6 52.179 1640 12,160.9 8,904.1 57.385 860 6,041.9 4,334.1 52.352 1660 12,325.5 9,029.0 57.484 880 6,189.6 4,442.0 52.522 1680 12,490.4 9,154.1 57.582 900 6,337.9 4,550.6 52.688 1700 12,655.6 9,279.6 57.680 920 6,486.7 4,659.7 52.852 1720 12,821.1 9,405.4 57.777 940 6,636.1 4,769.4 53.012 1740 12,986.9 9,531.5 57.873 960 6,786.0 4,879.5 53.170 1760 13,153.0 9,657.9 57.968 980 6,936.4 4,990.3 53.326 1780 13,319.2 9,784.4 58.062 1000 7,087.5 5,101.6 53.477 1800 13,485.8 9,911.2 58.155 1020 7,238.9 5,213.3 53.628 1820 13,652.5 10,038.2 58.247 1040 7,391.0 5,325.7 53.775 1840 13,819.6 10,165.6 58.339 1060 7,543.6 5,438.6 53.921 1860 13,986.8 10,293.1 58.428 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 986 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 986 7/12/11 14:26:56 TABLA A-19E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del oxí ge no, O2 (con clu sión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 1900 14,322 10,549 58.607 3500 28,273 21,323 63.914 1940 14,658 10,806 58.782 3540 28,633 21,603 64.016 1980 14,995 11,063 58.954 3580 28,994 21,884 64.114 2020 15,333 11,321 59.123 3620 29,354 22,165 64.217 2060 15,672 11,581 59.289 3660 29,716 22,447 64.316 2100 16,011 11,841 59.451 3700 30,078 22,730 64.415 2140 16,351 12,101 59.612 3740 30,440 23,013 64.512 2180 16,692 12,363 59.770 3780 30,803 23,296 64.609 2220 17,036 12,625 59.926 3820 31,166 23,580 64.704 2260 17,376 12,888 60.077 3860 31,529 23,864 64.800 2300 17,719 13,151 60.228 3900 31,894 24,149 64.893 2340 18,062 13,416 60.376 3940 32,258 24,434 64.986 2380 18,407 13,680 60.522 3980 32,623 24,720 65.078 2420 18,572 13,946 60.666 4020 32,989 25,006 65.169 2460 19,097 14,212 60.808 4060 33,355 25,292 65.260 2500 19,443 14,479 60.946 4100 33,722 25,580 65.350 2540 19,790 14,746 61.084 4140 34,089 25,867 64.439 2580 20,138 15,014 61.220 4180 34,456 26,155 65.527 2620 20,485 15,282 61.354 4220 34,824 26,144 65.615 2660 20,834 15,551 61.486 4260 35,192 26,733 65.702 2700 21,183 15,821 61.616 4300 35,561 27,022 65.788 2740 21,533 16,091 61.744 4340 35,930 27,312 65.873 2780 21,883 16,362 61.871 4380 36,300 27,602 65.958 2820 22,232 16,633 61.996 4420 36,670 27,823 66.042 2860 22,584 16,905 62.120 4460 37,041 28,184 66.125 2900 22,936 17,177 62.242 4500 37,412 28,475 66.208 2940 23,288 17,450 62.363 4540 37,783 28,768 66.290 2980 23,641 17,723 62.483 4580 38,155 29,060 66.372 3020 23,994 17,997 62.599 4620 38,528 29,353 66.453 3060 24,348 18,271 62.716 4660 38,900 29,646 66.533 3100 24,703 18,546 62.831 4700 39,274 29,940 66.613 3140 25,057 18,822 62.945 4740 39,647 30,234 66.691 3180 25,413 19,098 63.057 4780 40,021 30,529 66.770 3220 25,769 19,374 63.169 4820 40,396 30,824 66.848 3260 26,175 19,651 63.279 4860 40,771 31,120 66.925 3300 26,412 19,928 63.386 4900 41,146 31,415 67.003 3340 26,839 20,206 63.494 5000 42,086 32,157 67.193 3380 27,197 20,485 63.601 5100 43,021 32,901 67.380 3420 27,555 20,763 63.706 5200 43,974 33,648 67.562 3460 27,914 21,043 63.811 5300 44,922 34,397 67.743 APÉNDICE 2 987 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 987 7/12/11 14:26:56 TABLA A-20E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del dió xi do de car bo no, CO2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 300 2,108.2 1,512.4 46.353 1080 9,575.8 7,431.1 58.072 320 2,256.6 1,621.1 46.832 1100 9,802.6 7,618.1 58.281 340 2,407.3 1,732.1 47.289 1120 10,030.6 7,806.4 58.485 360 2,560.5 1,845.6 47.728 1140 10,260.1 7,996.2 58.689 380 2,716.4 1,961.8 48.148 1160 10,490.6 8,187.0 58.889 400 2,874.7 2,080.4 48.555 1180 10,722.3 8,379.0 59.088 420 3,035.7 2,201.7 48.947 1200 10,955.3 8,572.3 59.283 440 3,199.4 2,325.6 49.329 1220 11,189.4 8,766.6 59.477 460 3,365.7 2,452.2 49.698 1240 11,424.6 8,962.1 59.668 480 3,534.7 2,581.5 50.058 1260 11,661.0 9,158.8 59.858 500 3,706.2 2,713.3 50.408 1280 11,898.4 9,356.5 60.044 520 3,880.3 2,847.7 50.750 1300 12,136.9 9,555.3 60.229 537 4,027.5 2,963.8 51.032 1320 12,376.4 9,755.0 60.412 540 4,056.8 2,984.4 51.082 1340 12,617.0 9,955.9 60.593 560 4,235.8 3,123.7 51.408 1360 12,858.5 10,157.7 60.772 580 4,417.2 3,265.4 51.726 1380 13,101.0 10,360.5 60.949 600 4,600.9 3,409.4 52.038 1400 13,344.7 10,564.5 61.124 620 4,786.6 3,555.6 52.343 1420 13,589.1 10,769.2 61.298 640 4,974.9 3,704.0 52.641 1440 13,834.5 10,974.8 61.469 660 5,165.2 3,854.6 52.934 1460 14,080.8 11,181.4 61.639 680 5,357.6 4,007.2 53.225 1480 14,328.0 11,388.9 61.800 700 5,552.0 4,161.9 53.503 1500 14,576.0 11,597.2 61.974 720 5,748.4 4,318.6 53.780 1520 14,824.9 11,806.4 62.138 740 5,946.8 4,477.3 54.051 1540 15,074.7 12,016.5 62.302 760 6,147.0 4,637.9 54.319 1560 15,325.3 12,227.3 62.464 780 6,349.1 4,800.1 54.582 1580 15,576.7 12,439.0 62.624 800 6,552.9 4,964.2 54.839 1600 15,829.0 12,651.6 62.783 820 6,758.3 5,129.9 55.093 1620 16,081.9 12,864.8 62.939 840 6,965.7 5,297.6 55.343 1640 16,335.7 13,078.9 63.095 860 7,174.7 5,466.9 55.589 1660 16,590.2 13,293.7 63.250 880 7,385.3 5,637.7 55.831 1680 16,845.5 13,509.2 63.403 900 7,597.6 5,810.3 56.070 1700 17,101.4 13,725.4 63.555 920 7,811.4 5,984.4 56.305 1720 17,358.1 13,942.4 63.704 940 8,026.8 6,160.1 56.536 1740 17,615.5 14,160.1 63.853 960 8,243.8 6,337.4 56.765 1760 17,873.5 14,378.4 64.001 980 8,462.2 6,516.1 56.990 1780 18,132.2 14,597.4 64.147 1000 8,682.1 6,696.2 57.212 1800 18,391.5 14,816.9 64.292 1020 8,903.4 6,877.8 57.432 1820 18,651.5 15,037.2 64.435 1040 9,126.2 7,060.9 57.647 1840 18,912.2 15,258.2 64.578 1060 9,350.3 7,245.3 57.861 1860 19,173.4 15,479.7 64.719 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 988 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 988 7/12/11 14:26:57 TABLA A-21E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del mo nó xi do de car bo no, CO (con clu sión) T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 1900 13,850 10,077 56.509 3500 27,262 20,311 61.612 1940 14,170 10,318 56.677 3540 27,608 20,576 61.710 1980 14,492 10,560 56.841 3580 27,954 20,844 61.807 2020 14,815 10,803 57.007 3620 28,300 21,111 61.903 2060 15,139 11,048 57.161 3660 28,647 21,378 61.998 2100 15,463 11,293 57.317 3700 28,994 21,646 62.093 2140 15,789 11,539 57.470 3740 29,341 21,914 62.186 2180 16,116 11,787 57.621 3780 29,688 22,182 62.279 2220 16,443 12,035 57.770 3820 30,036 22,450 62.370 2260 16,722 12,284 57.917 3860 30,384 22,719 62.461 2300 17,101 12,534 58.062 3900 30,733 22,988 62.511 2340 17,431 12,784 58.204 3940 31,082 23,257 62.640 2380 17,762 13,035 58.344 3980 31,431 23,527 62.728 2420 18,093 13,287 58.482 4020 31,780 23,797 62.816 2460 18,426 13,541 58.619 4060 32,129 24,067 62.902 2500 18,759 13,794 58.754 4100 32,479 24,337 62.988 2540 19,093 14,048 58.885 4140 32,829 24,608 63.072 2580 19,427 14,303 59.016 4180 33,179 24,878 63.156 2620 19,762 14,559 59.145 4220 33,530 25,149 63.240 2660 20,098 14,815 59.272 4260 33,880 25,421 63.323 2700 20,434 15,072 59.398 4300 34,231 25,692 63.405 2740 20,771 15,330 59.521 4340 34,582 25,934 63.486 2780 21,108 15,588 59.644 4380 34,934 26,235 63.567 2820 21,446 15,846 59.765 4420 35,285 26,508 63.647 2860 21,785 16,105 59.884 4460 35,637 26,780 63.726 2900 22,124 16,365 60.002 4500 35,989 27,052 63.805 2940 22,463 16,225 60.118 4540 36,341 27,325 63.883 2980 22,803 16,885 60.232 4580 36,693 27,598 63.960 3020 23,144 17,146 60.346 4620 37,046 27,871 64.036 3060 23,485 17,408 60.458 4660 37,398 28,144 64.113 3100 23,826 17,670 60.569 4700 37,751 28,417 64.188 3140 24,168 17,932 60.679 4740 38,104 28,691 64.263 3180 24,510 18,195 60.787 4780 38,457 28,965 64.337 3220 24,853 18,458 60.894 4820 38,811 29,239 64.411 3260 25,196 18,722 61.000 4860 39,164 29,513 64.484 3300 25,539 18,986 61.105 4900 39,518 29,787 64.556 3340 25,883 19,250 61.209 5000 40,403 30,473 64.735 3380 26,227 19,515 61.311 5100 41,289 31,161 64.910 3420 26,572 19,780 61.412 5200 42,176 31,849 65.082 3460 26,917 20,045 61.513 5300 43,063 32,538 65.252 APÉNDICE 2 991 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 991 7/12/11 14:26:57 TABLA A-22E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del hi dró ge no, H2 T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 300 2,063.5 1,467.7 27.337 1400 9,673.8 6,893.6 37.883 320 2,189.4 1,553.9 27.742 1500 10,381.5 7,402.7 38.372 340 2,317.2 1,642.0 28.130 1600 11,092.5 7,915.1 38.830 360 2,446.8 1,731.9 28.501 1700 11,807.4 8,431.4 39.264 380 2,577.8 1,823.2 28.856 1800 12,526.8 8,952.2 39.675 400 2,710.2 1,915.8 29.195 1900 13,250.9 9,477.8 40.067 420 2,843.7 2,009.6 29.520 2000 13,980.1 10,008.4 40.441 440 2,978.1 2,104.3 29.833 2100 14,714.5 10,544.2 40.799 460 3,113.5 2,200.0 30.133 2200 15,454.4 11,085.5 41.143 480 3,249.4 2,296.2 20.424 2300 16,199.8 11,632.3 41.475 500 3,386.1 2,393.2 30.703 2400 16,950.6 12,184.5 41.794 520 3,523.2 2,490.6 30.972 2500 17,707.3 12,742.6 42.104 537 3,640.3 2,573.9 31.194 2600 18,469.7 13,306.4 42.403 540 3,660.9 2,588.5 31.232 2700 19,237.8 13,876.0 42.692 560 3,798.8 2,686.7 31.482 2800 20,011.8 14,451.4 42.973 580 3,937.1 2,785.3 31.724 2900 20,791.5 15,032.5 43.247 600 4,075.6 2,884.1 31.959 3000 21,576.9 15,619.3 43.514 620 4,214.3 2,983.1 32.187 3100 22,367.7 16,211.5 43.773 640 4,353.1 3,082.1 32.407 3200 23,164.1 16,809.3 44.026 660 4,492.1 3,181.4 32.621 3300 23,965.5 17,412.1 44.273 680 4,631.1 3,280.7 32.829 3400 24,771.9 18,019.9 44.513 700 4,770.2 3,380.1 33.031 3500 25,582.9 18,632.4 44.748 720 4,909.5 3,479.6 33.226 3600 26,398.5 19,249.4 44.978 740 5,048.8 3,579.2 33.417 3700 27,218.5 19,870.8 45.203 760 5,188.1 3,678.8 33.603 3800 28,042.8 20,496.5 45.423 780 5,327.6 3,778.6 33.784 3900 28,871.1 21,126.2 45.638 800 5,467.1 3,878.4 33.961 4000 29,703.5 21,760.0 45.849 820 5,606.7 3,978.3 34.134 4100 30,539.8 22,397.7 46.056 840 5,746.3 4,078.2 34.302 4200 31,379.8 23,039.2 46.257 860 5,885.9 4,178.0 34.466 4300 32,223.5 23,684.3 46.456 880 6,025.6 4,278.0 34.627 4400 33,070.9 24,333.1 46.651 900 6,165.3 4,378.0 34.784 4500 33,921.6 24,985.2 46.842 920 6,305.1 4,478.1 34.938 4600 34,775.7 25,640.7 47.030 940 6,444.9 4,578.1 35.087 4700 35,633.0 26,299.4 47.215 960 6,584.7 4,678.3 35.235 4800 36,493.4 26,961.2 47.396 980 6,724.6 4,778.4 35.379 4900 35,356.9 27,626.1 47.574 1000 6,864.5 4,878.6 35.520 5000 38,223.3 28,294.0 47.749 1100 7,564.6 5,380.1 36.188 5100 39,092.8 28,964.9 47.921 1200 8,265.8 5,882.8 36.798 5200 39,965.1 29,638.6 48.090 1300 8,968.7 6,387.1 37.360 5300 40,840.2 30,315.1 48.257 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 992 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 992 7/12/11 14:26:57 TABLA A-23E Pro pie da des de gas ideal del va por de agua, H2O T _ h _ u _ s ° T _ h _ u _ s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol ·R 300 2,367.6 1,771.8 40.439 1080 8,768.2 6,623.5 50.854 320 2,526.8 1,891.3 40.952 1100 8,942.0 6,757.5 51.013 340 2,686.0 2,010.8 41.435 1120 9,116.4 6,892.2 51.171 360 2,845.1 2,130.2 41.889 1140 9,291.4 7,027.5 51.325 380 3,004.4 2,249.8 42.320 1160 9,467.1 7,163.5 51.478 400 3,163.8 2,369.4 42.728 1180 9,643.4 7,300.1 51.360 420 3,323.2 2,489.1 43.117 1200 9,820.4 7,437.4 51.777 440 3,482.7 2,608.9 43.487 1220 9,998.0 7,575.2 51.925 460 3,642.3 2,728.8 43.841 1240 10,176.1 7,713.6 52.070 480 3,802.0 2,848.8 44.182 1260 10,354.9 7,852.7 52.212 500 3,962.0 2,969.1 44.508 1280 10,534.4 7,992.5 52.354 520 4,122.0 3,089.4 44.821 1300 10,714.5 8,132.9 52.494 537 4,258.0 3,191.9 45.079 1320 10,895.3 8,274.0 52.631 540 4,282.4 3,210.0 45.124 1340 11,076.6 8,415.5 52.768 560 4,442.8 3,330.7 45.415 1360 11,258.7 8,557.9 52.903 580 4,603.7 3,451.9 45.696 1380 11,441.4 8,700.9 53.037 600 4,764.7 3,573.2 45.970 1400 11,624.8 8,844.6 53.168 620 4,926.1 3,694.9 46.235 1420 11,808.8 8,988.9 53.299 640 5,087.8 3,816.8 46.492 1440 11,993.4 9,133.8 53.428 660 5,250.0 3,939.3 46.741 1460 12,178.8 9,279.4 53.556 680 5,412.5 4,062.1 46.984 1480 12,364.8 9,425.7 53.682 700 5,575.4 4,185.3 47.219 1500 12,551.4 9,572.7 53.808 720 5,738.8 4,309.0 47.450 1520 12,738.8 9,720.3 53.932 740 5,902.6 4,433.1 47.673 1540 12,926.8 9,868.6 54.055 760 6,066.9 4,557.6 47.893 1560 13,115.6 10,017.6 54.117 780 6,231.7 4,682.7 48.106 1580 13,305.0 10,167.3 54.298 800 6,396.9 4,808.2 48.316 1600 13,494.4 10,317.6 54.418 820 6,562.6 4,934.2 48.520 1620 13,685.7 10,468.6 54.535 840 6,728.9 5,060.8 48.721 1640 13,877.0 10,620.2 54.653 860 6,895.6 5,187.8 48.916 1660 14,069.2 10,772.7 54.770 880 7,062.9 5,315.3 49.109 1680 14,261.9 10,925.6 54.886 900 7,230.9 5,443.6 49.298 1700 14,455.4 11,079.4 54.999 920 7,399.4 5,572.4 49.483 1720 14,649.5 11,233.8 55.113 940 7,568.4 5,701.7 49.665 1740 14,844.3 11,388.9 55.226 960 7,738.0 5,831.6 49.843 1760 15,039.8 11,544.7 55.339 980 7,908.2 5,962.0 50.019 1780 15,236.1 11,701.2 55.449 1000 8,078.2 6,093.0 50.191 1800 15,433.0 11,858.4 55.559 1020 8,250.4 6,224.8 50.360 1820 15,630.6 12,016.3 55.668 1040 8,422.4 6,357.1 50.528 1840 15,828.7 12,174.7 55.777 1060 8,595.0 6,490.0 50.693 1860 16,027.6 12,333.9 55.884 APÉNDICE 2 993 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 993 7/12/11 14:26:58 TABLA A-27E Pro pie da des de al gu nos com bus ti bles e hi dro car bu ros co mu nes Ca lor es pe- Po der Po der Ma sa En tal pía de cí fi co,1 cp ca lo rí fi co ca lo rí fi co mo lar, Den si dad,1 va po ri za ción,2 Btu/ su pe rior,3 in fe rior,3 Com bus ti ble (fa se) Fór mu la lbm/lbmol lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm lbm · °F Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Ace ti le no (g) C2H2 26.038 — — 0.404 21,490 20,760 Ben ce no () C6H6 78.114 54.7 186 0.411 17,970 17,240 Bu ta no () C4H10 58.123 36.1 156 0.578 21,130 19,510 Car bo no (s) C 12.011 125 — 0.169 14,100 14,100 De ca no () C10H22 142.285 45.6 155 0.528 20,490 19,020 Die sel li ge ro () CnH1.8n 170 49-52 116 0.53 19,800 18,600 Die sel pe sa do () CnH1.7n 200 51-55 99 0.45 19,600 18,400 Eta no (g) C2H6 30.070 — 74 0.418 22,320 20,430 Eta nol () C2H6O 46.069 49.3 395 0.583 12,760 11,530 Gas na tu ral (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n 18 — — 0.48 21,500 19,400 Gasolina () CnH1.87n 100-110 45-49 151 0.57 20,300 18,900 Hep ta no () C7H16 100.204 42.7 157 0.535 20,680 19,180 He xa no () C6H12 84.161 42.0 169 0.439 20,430 19,090 He xe no () C6H14 86.177 41.2 157 0.542 20,770 19,240 Hi dró ge no (g) H2 2.016 — — 3.44 60,970 51,600 Iso pen ta no () C5H12 72.150 39.1 — 0.554 20,890 19,310 Me ta no (g) CH4 16.043 — 219 0.525 23,880 21,520 Me ta nol () CH4O 32.042 49.3 502 0.604 9,740 8,570 Mo nó xi do de car bo no (g) CO 28.013 — — 0.251 4,340 4,340 Oc ta no () C8H18 114.231 43.9 156 0.533 20,590 19,100 1-Pen te no () C5H10 70.134 40.0 156 0.525 20,540 19,190 Pro pa no () C3H8 44.097 31.2 144 0.662 21,640 19,930 To lue no () C7H8 92.141 54.1 177 0.408 18,230 17,420 1A 1 atm y 68°F. 2A 77°F pa ra com bus ti bles lí qui dos, y 1 atm y tem pe ra tu ra nor mal de ebu lli ción pa ra com bus ti bles ga seo sos. 3A 77°F. Mul ti pli que por la ma sa mo lar pa ra ob te ner los va lo res ca lo rí fi cos en Btu/lb mol. TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) 996 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 996 7/12/11 14:26:58 G rá fi ca p si cr om ét ri ca A SH R A E N úm . 1 Te m pe ra tu ra n or m al Pr es ió n ba ro m ét ri ca : 2 9. 92 1 pu lg ad as d e m er cu ri o © 19 92 A m er ic an S oc ie ty o f H ea tin g, R ef ri ge ra tin g an d A ir -C on di tio ni ng E ng in ee rs , I nc . N iv el d el m ar Pr ep ar ad o po r el C en tr o de E st ud io s A pl ic ad os d e Te rm od in ám ic a, U ni ve rs id ad d e Id ah o 10 15 20 25 Te m pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o se co , º F 30354045505560 En tal pí a, B tu po r l ib ra de ai re se co 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 55 .0 28 .0 26 .0 24 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 Vol ume n pi es c úbic os por lbm de aire sec o .0 22 .0 20 .0 18 .0 16 .0 14 Relación de humedad, lbm de humedad por lbm de aire seco .0 12 .0 10 .0 08 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 10 % H um ed ad r el at iv a .0 06 .0 04 .0 02 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100Temperatura de bulbo seco ºF 105 110 115 120 35 3 0 25 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 ºF T em pe ra tu ra d e bu lb o hú m ed o 90 30 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Te mp era tur a d e s atu rac ión ºF E nt al pí a — — — — — — — — — R el ac ió n de h um ed ad Δh — — Δ = C al or s en si bl e — — — — — – C al or to ta l Q S — — Q T = 1. 0 –• –1000 0 50 0 10 00 15 00 200 0 30005000 2. 0 4. 0 • –4 .0 –2 .0 –1 .0 –0 .5 –0. 4 –0. 3 –0.2 –0.1 1. 0 • 0 0. 8 0. 6 0. 5 0 .4 0.3 0.2 0.1 FI GU RA A -3 1E G rá fi ca p si cr o m é t ri ca a 1 a tm d e pr e s ió n to ta l. R e p ro du ci da c on p er m i s o de la A m e r i c an S o c ie ty o f H ea ti ng , R e f ri ge ra ti ng a nd A ir -C on di ti o n in g E n g i n ee rs , I nc ., A tl an ta , G eo r g ia . U sa da c on p er m i s o. APÉNDICE 2 997 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 997 7/12/11 14:26:58 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 998 7/12/11 14:26:59 Combustible, 79, 534-541, 772-776, 790-793, 802, 949, 996 aire-combustible (AC), relación de, 775-776, 802 alternativos, 772-773 automóviles, consumo de, 534-541 combustión y, 772-776, 783-784, 790-793, 802 eficiencia anual de utilización de (EAUC), 79 flama adiabática, temperatura de, 771, 790-793, 803 hidrocarburos, 772, 949, 996 ignición, temperatura de, 774 poder calorífico de, 79, 784, 802 tablas de propiedades, 949, 996 Combustión, procesos de, 79, 771-785 aire porcentual para, 777, 802 analizador de gas Orsat, 777 cantidad de aire para, 776-780, 802 combustibles para, 772-776, 784-785, 802 eficiencia, 79 entalpía (h) de, 782-785, 802 entalpía de combustión (hC), 783, 802 entalpía de formación (hf), 783, 802 entalpía de reacción (hR), 783, 802 estequiométrico, 776-779, 802 exceso de aire, 777, 802 externa, 491 incompleta, 776 interna, máquinas de, 491 poder calorífico (HV), 784-785, 802 relación de equivalencia, 777 temperatura de ignición, 774 temperatura de la flama adiabática, 790-793, 803 teórica, 776-779, 802 Compresibilidad, factor de, 111, 139-144, 153 carta de compresibilidad generalizada, 141-144 gas ideal, desviación del comportamiento del, 139-143 presión reducida (PR), 141-142 principios de estados correspondientes, 141 temperatura reducida (TR), 141-142 volumen específico seudorreducido, 143 Compresibilidad isotérmica (α), 681, 691 Compresión de vapor, ciclo ideal de refrigeración por, 618-622, 649 Compresión en etapas múltiples, 367-368, 521-522, 636-637 Compresión, procesos de, 300-301, 618-624, 639-640 adiabáticos reversibles, 300 Carnot, ciclo de, 299-300 compresión de vapor, ciclo de, 618-622, 641-642 isotérmicos reversibles, 300 refrigeración de propósito múltiple, sistemas de, 638-639 Compresión, relación de (r), 497, 500 Compresores, 236-237, 363-370, 373-374, 390-400, 618-619, 625 eficiencias isentrópicas, 373-374, 401 energía, análisis de, 236-237 enfriamiento, 366-367 entropía (S) y, 362-370, 373-374, 390-400 etapas múltiples en, 367-369 interenfriamiento, 367-370 refrigeración por compresión de vapor, ciclo, 618-619, 625 trabajo reversible (W), 362-366, 368 Condensadores, 568-569, 618-619, 625 incrementar presión, 568-569 refrigeración por compresión de vapor, ciclo, 618-619, 625 Conducción, 62, 92-93 conductividad térmica, 92 ley de Fourier, 92 transferencia de calor, 62, 92-93 Conductividad térmica, 92 Conferencia General de Pesos y Medidas (CGPM), 5, 20 Congelación, diagramas y, 121-122 Conservación de la energía, 2, 52, 197-199. Véase también Balance de energía; Primera ley de la termodinámica dietas y, 197-199 principio de, 2, 52 Conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254. Véase también Balance de masa flujo estacionario, procesos de, 223-224 flujo incompresible, 221-224 flujo másico, 220-223, 254 flujo volumétrico, 221, 254 principios, 222-223 velocidad promedio (Vprom), 221 volumen de control y, 220-222, 254 Constante de gas (R), 183, 700, 908, 958 de Henry (H), 833-834, 838 de Stefan-Boltzmann, 94 dimensional, 6 universal de los gases (Ru), 183 Continuo, 12 Contrapresión, 860-869, 897 Convección, 62, 92-93 forzada, 93 ley de enfriamiento de Newton, 93 natural (libre), 93 transferencia de calor por, 62, 93-94 Convención de signo formal, interacciones de calor y trabajo, 63 Conversión de energía, 78-86. Véase también Trabajo de flujo; Eficiencia anual de utilización de combustible (EAUC) ambiente, efectos en el, 81, 86-91, 97 desempeño salida/entrada, 78-79 eficiencia y, 78-86, 97 Corriente eléctrica, unidad de, 5 Cuasiequilibrio (cuasiestático), proceso, 15-16, 39, 166-168 Curva de saturación de líquido-vapor, 116 D Dalton, ley de presiones aditivas, 702-703, 726 Densidad ( ρ), 13-14, 39 gravedad específica, 13 peso específico, 14 volumen específico, 13, 39 Densidad relativa, véase Gravedad específica (GE) Derivadas de una función, 668-669 Derivadas parciales, 667-672, 690 ecuaciones de Gibbs, 672, 690 relaciones de Maxwell, 672-674, 690 Desalinización, procesos de, 722-725 Desempeño entrada/salida, 78-79. Véase también Eficiencia Deshumidificación de acondicionamiento de aire, proceso de, 749, 752-754 Desplazamiento de volumen, 487 Diagrama h-s (Mollier), 345, 870-871, 894, 925, 975 Diagramas de fases, 124 Diagramas P-h, 931, 980 Diagramas, propiedades de, 118-126, 344-346, 493-494, 512-513, 560-561, 870-872, 924-925, 974-975, 980 línea de Fanno, 870-872 línea de Rayleigh, 870- 872 línea de Wilson, 894 Mollier (h-s), 127, 345, 925, 975 P-h, 931, 980 P-T, 123-124 P-v, 120-121, 504 P-v-T superficie, 125-126 T-s, 344, 367, 493-494, 560-561, 886-887, 924, 974 T-v, 118-120 Diesel, ciclo, 504-507, 542 Diferencial total (d), 669-670 Diferenciales (δ ), exactas e inexactas, 63 Diferenciales parciales, 669-670 Difusores, 233-234 Dígitos significativos, 38 Dimensiones, 3-10 conversión de unidades, 9-10 derivadas (secundarias), 3 fundamentales (primarias), 3, 5 unidades y, 3-10 Disminución de exergía, principios de, 447-449, 474 Disponibilidad, véase Exergía Dispositivo isentálpico, 239 Dispositivos de medición, 17-18, 26-33, 738-739, 777 E Ebullición, definición, 151 Ecuación de estado, 111, 137-139, 144-148, 153 Beattie-Bridgeman, 145, 147-148, 153 Benedict-Webb-Rubin, 145, 147-148, 153 gas ideal, 111, 137-139, 702 porcentaje de error relacionado con, 140 Van der Waals, 144-145, 147-148, 153 virial, 145 Ecuación de Gibbs (T ds), 350-351, 672 Ecuación de la energía, 231-232, 247, 251-254, 885 conservación de la energía, 251-254 flujo de Rayleigh, 885 flujo estacionario, proceso de, 231-232, 254 flujo no estacionario, procesos de, 246-248, 254 transferencia de calor, 232-234, 247, 253-254 transferencia de trabajo, 231, 247, 253-254 volumen de control, 231-232, 246-247, 252-254 Ecuación de la masa para flujo de Rayleigh, 885 Ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES), resolver, 36-37 Efectividad (P), 519-520, 542 Efecto invernadero, 89-91 Peltier, 648 Seebeck, 647-648 Eficiencia (η), 78-86, 97, 283-292, 295, 301-303, 315, 436-439, 462-463, 472, 492, 494-496, 526, 535-541 adiabática, 370-371 ÍNDICE ANALÍTICO 1001 20Index.indd 1001 7/12/11 14:28:57 ambiente, 81 aparato para cocinar, 80-82 bomba, 83-84 bombas de calor, 289-292, 315 calentador de agua, 79 Carnot, 305-308 ciclos de potencia, 491, 494-496, 534-541 coeficiente de desempeño (COP), 288-292, 308-309, 315 combustión, 79 consumo de combustible de automóviles, 535-541 conversión de energía y, 78-86, 97 desempeño salida/entrada, 78-79 dispositivos de flujo estacionario (ηII), 365-366, 462-463 eléctrica, 82-86 energía de desecho, 284-285 exergía y, 436-439, 461-462 generador, 80, 84 global (combinada), 80, 84 iluminación, eficacia de, 80 índice estacional de eficiencia energética (SEER), 290-291 índice de eficiencia de la energía (EER), 290-292 máquina térmica, 282-286, 305-308 mecánica, 82-86, 97 motor, 84 poder calorífico de combustible, 79 proceso reversible, 296, 300-301, 365 propulsión, 526, 542 refrigeradores, 287-289 segunda ley (ηII), 436-439, 462-463, 472-473 segunda ley de la termodinámica, 281-287, 297, 305-308, 315 térmica (ηter), 283-285, 305-308, 315, 492, 494-495, 541 trabajo de flecha, 82-84 trabajo neto (Wneto), 283-286 transferencia neta de calor, 283-286 turbina, 83-85 Eficiencia anual de utilización de combustible (EAUC), 79-80 Eficiencia de la segunda ley (ηII) y, 395, 436-438, 462-473, 471-472 ciclo de refrigeración de compresión por vapor, 618-620 exergía (x) y, 439-440, 460-461, 470-471 mezcla de gases, 715-716 proceso de flujo estacionario, 458-459 volumen de control (VC), 460-461 Eficiencia térmica (ηtér), 283-284, 305-306, 315, 492, 494-496, 510-513, 521-523, 568-570 ciclo Brayton, 511-513, 521-525 ciclo de Carnot, 305-308, 494-496 compresión en etapas múltiples, 521 Eficiencias isentrópicas, 370-377, 401, 517, 542, 566 bombas, 373 ciclos de potencia de vapor, 565-568 ciclos de potencia del gas, 517-518, 541 compresores, 373-375, 401 dispositivos de flujo estacionario, 370-377, 401 toberas, 224, 233-236, 375-377, 401 turbinas, 371-372 Émbolo, 497 Empuje (F), 526, 542 Energía (E), 2-3, 7-8, 39, 51-111, 194-198, 279-282. Véase también Trabajo de flujo; Máquinas térmicas; Energía térmica; Trabajo ambiente y, 86-91 balance, 2, 71-72, 74, 97 calidad, 2, 39, 280 cambio de un sistema, 72 cinética (EC), 53-55, 97 conservación de, 2, 52-53, 197-199 conversión, 78-91, 97 desecho, 285 dietas y, 197-199 eficiencia de, 78-86, 97 en forma de tasa, balance de, 54, 74, 97, 173, 222-224 flujo. Véase Trabajo de flujo flujo másico, 54, 96 flujo volumétrico relacionado, 54, 96 formas de, 51, 53-59 formas macroscópicas de, 53-54. Véase también Energía cinética (EC) formas microscópicas de, 53. Véase también Energía interna (U) interna (U), 53-54, 96 latente, 55 mecánica, 58-59, 97 nuclear, 55-58 potencia, 7-8 potencial (EP), 54, 97, 232 primera ley de la termodinámica para la conservación de, 2, 39, 70-78, 97 química, 55-56 requerimientos de alimentos, 194-195 segunda ley de la termodinámica por calidad de, 2, 39, 279-281 sensible, 55 sistemas estacionarios, 54, 72 sistemas y transferencia de, 51, 56, 72-73, 97 térmica, 52, 56, 60, 281 termodinámica y, 2-3, 39 total, 53, 70-71, 96 trabajo como, 7, 51, 62-70, 97 transferencia, 51, 56, 58-65, 73-78 transferencia de calor, 51, 60-62, 92-97 unidades de, 7-8, 61-62 Energía, análisis de, 165-218, 219-277, 562-565 balance de energía, 165, 173-178, 200, 231-232, 247-248, 254 balance de masa, 222-226, 254 calores específicos, 165, 178-180, 201 cámaras de mezclado, 240-241 compresores, 236-238 conservación de la energía, 251-254 conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254 corriente única, sistemas de flujo estacionario de, 224 difusores, 233-234 ecuación de la energía, 231-232, 247, 251-254 energía cinética, cambios en, 232, 254 energía interna cambios (Δu), 180-182, 188-192 energía potencial (Δep), cambios de, 232, 254 entalpía, cambio en la (Δh), 180-182, 189-190, 232, 254 flujo en ductos, 244-245 flujo en tuberías, 244-245 flujo estacionario, procesos de, 223-224, 230-233, 254 flujo no estacionario, procesos de, 246-251, 254 flujo uniforme, procesos de, 247-250, 254 gases ideales, 180-188, 200 intercambiadores de calor, 242-244 primera ley de la termodinámica y, 174, 200, 251-254 proceso politrópico, 171-172, 200 Rankine, ciclo, 561-565 sistemas cerrados, 165-218 sustancia incompresible, 189-192, 201, 224-226 toberas, 224, 233-236 trabajo de flujo, 226-230, 254 trabajo de frontera móvil, 165-173, 200 transferencia de calor, 231-232, 247, 253 transferencia de trabajo, 231-232, 252-254 turbinas, 232, 236-238 válvulas de estrangulamiento, 239-240 volúmenes de control, 220-277 Energía cinética (EC), 53-55, 97, 232, 254, 429-431 cambios (Δec), 232 energía interna como, 53-55, 96 exergía (xec) de, 429-431 volumen de control, 232, 254 Energía interna (U), 53, 55-56, 96, 179-192, 203, 677-678, 687, 691, 707 calor específico y, 178-180 cambio (Δu o du), 179-187, 203, 677, 687, 691 energía latente, 55 energía nuclear, 55-56 energía química, 55 energía sensible, 55 fuerzas moleculares, 55 gas ideal, cambio de,180-188 gases reales, cambios de, 681, 691 mezcla de gases, 707-709, 726 simple compresible, sistema, 677, 690 sustancias incompresibles, 189-192, 201 trabajo y, 56 transferencia de calor, 56 Energía térmica, 52, 56, 60, 281 capacidad, 281 depósitos, 281 energía interna, 53, 56, 60 Energía total, 53, 70-71, 96, 227-228 Enfriador por rociado o baño de agua, 754-755 Enfriamiento evaporativo, 148, 754-755 Entalpía (h), 126-127, 254, 707-708, 716, 738- 739, 759, 802, 848, 896, 948, 951, 995 combustión (hC), 783, 802 combustión, procesos y, 782-785, 802 estancamiento (h0), 848, 896 formación, 783-784, 802, 948, 995 mezcla de gas, 707-715, 716, 726 reacción (hR), 783, 802 tablas de propiedades, 948, 951, 995 termodinámica, propiedades de, 127 volumen de control, 232, 254 Entalpía, cambios de (Δh o dh), 180-193, 232, 674-679, 686-687, 690 calores específicos y, 178-180, 201 Clapeyron, ecuación de, 674-677, 690 gases ideales, 160-188, 200 gases reales, 685-686, 691 ÍNDICE ANALÍTICO 1002 20Index.indd 1002 7/12/11 14:28:57 sistema simple compresible, 677-678, 690 sustancia incompresible, 189-192, 200 Entropía (S), 126, 280, 331-425, 707-708, 716-717, 793-794, 803, 948, 852, 995. Véase también Balance de entropía; Cambios de entropía (ΔS o ds); Eficiencias isentrópicas absoluta, 347, 794, 803, 948, 995 adiabático, proceso, 343-345 Boltzmann, relación de, 347 compresión, 362-370, 373-375, 390-400 desigualdades de Clausius, 331-333 desorden molecular (aleatoriedad molecular), 346-348 diagrama de propiedades que involucran, 344-345 eficiencia y, 370-377, 401 eficiencias isentrópicas, 370-377, 401 flujo estacionario, procesos de, 362-366, 401 gases ideales, 354-356, 400 generación (Sgen), 336-337, 348-350, 380-389, 400 Gibbs, ecuación de, 350-351 internamente reversible, procesos, 334-335, 344, 400 isotérmicos, procesos de, 334-335, 345 mezclas de gases, 707-708, 717, 726 Molier, diagrama de, 345 procesos isentrópicos, 331, 343-344, 358-362, 370-377, 400 propiedad que no se conserva, 331, 338 reacción química, sistemas de, 793-794, 802 relaciones T ds, 350-351 reversible, procesos, 332-335, 343, 362-366, 400 segunda ley de la termodinámica y, 280, 331-425 sustancias incompresibles, 351-354, 400 sustancias puras, 339-343, 400 tablas de propiedades, 948, 952, 995 tercera ley de la termodinámica y, 347-348, 794, 803 total, 334 trabajo (W) y, 362-364, 401 transferencia de calor, 334-335, 344, 378 vida diaria y, 348-350 Eólica, energía mecánica, 59 Equilibrio, 14-15, 39, 149-151, 815-846, 950 condiciones atmosféricas y, 149-151 constante (Kp), 818-821, 837, 950 cuasiequilibrio, proceso de, 15-16, 39 estado de un sistema y, 14-15, 39, 815 fase, 15, 149-151, 815, 830-837 fases para un sistema multicomponente, 832-837 función de Gibbs, 817-818, 830-831, 837 ley cero de la termodinámica, 17-21, 39 mecánico, 14, 815 mezcla de gases ideales, 818-824, 838 presión de vapor, 149-151 propiedades independientes, 15 químico, 14, 815-829, 837 reacciones simultáneas, 826-828 sistema aislado, 815, 837 sistema compresible simple, 15 tabla de propiedades, 950 térmico, 14, 17, 815 termodinámico, 15, 39 Equilibrio químico, 14, 815-830, 837 coeficientes estequiométricos (v), 817-818, 837 constante de equilibrio (Kp), 818-821, 837 criterio para, 816-818, 837, función de Gibbs en estado estándar, cambio de la, 819, 837 función de Gibbs (g) para, 817-819 gas ideal, mezclas de, 818-821, 838 reacciones simultáneas para, 826-828 van’t Hoff, ecuación de, 829, 838 Equilibrio termodinámico, véase Equilibrio Equivalencia, relación de, 777 Ericsson, ciclo, 507-511, 542 Escala de temperatura internacional de 1990 (ITS-90), 20-21 de temperatura del gas ideal, 18-20 Kelvin (K), 18-21, 304-305 termodinámica de temperatura, 18, 303-305, 316 Esfuerzo normal, 22 Esmog, 87-88 Estacionario, definición, 16 Estado de estancamiento isentrópico, 849 de un sistema, 14-15, 39, 135 muerto, 428-429 Estados de equilibrios, 14, 149-151, 815, 828-837 constante de Henry, 833, 838 ley de Henry, 833, 838 ley de Raoult, 834, 838 regla de fases de Gibbs, 831, 838 Estanque de enfriamiento, 758 rociado, 758 Evaporación, 151 Exceso de aire, combustión, 777, 802 Exergía, 427-489, 532-534, 542, 584-586, 625-627 balance, 449-460, 473 calor, transferencia por (Xcalor), 445-446, 473 desperdiciado (perdido), potencial de trabajo, 427, 433, 473 destruida (Xdestruida), 448-449, 461, 472-473, 532-534, 542, 584-585, 624-625 energía cinética y, 429-431 energía mecánica y, 430 energía potencial (xep), 429-430 en forma de tasa, balance de, 449-450, 461, 474 estado muerto, 428-429, 473 flujo (corriente), 442-444, 473 flujo estacionario, sistemas de, 462-468 irreversibilidad, 427, 431-436, 473 masa, transferencia por, 447, 473 potencia de vapor, ciclos de, 584-586 principio de disminución de, 447-449, 474 refrigeración por compresión de vapor, ciclo de, 624-629 reversible, proceso, 429, 473 segunda ley de la termodinámica y, 427-429, 469 segunda ley, eficiencia según la, 436-439, 462-463, 472-473, 625 sin flujo (sistema cerrado), 439-441, 473 sistema, cambio de, 439-444 sistema cerrado, 439-441, 449-460 termomecánica, 439-444 trabajo de los alrededores (Walrededores), 432 trabajo reversible (Wrev), 427, 431-436, 462, 473 trabajo, transferencia por (Xtrabajo), 446, 473 transferencia, 445-447, 473 vapor (flujo), 438-442 vida diaria, 469-470 volúmenes de control, 460-468 Expansión dispositivo de, 618, 625 sustancias de, 121-122, 125, 153 Expansividad volumétrica (β ), 681, 691 F Factor de utilización (∈u), 588 Fahrenheit (°F), escala, 18-21, 39 Fisión, energía nuclear, 56-58 Fluidos, 23-26, 58-59, 219-277, 847-905 análisis de energía, 219-277 compresible, 847-905 compresión de flujo, 880 conservación de la masa, 220-226, 254 energía de flujo, 226-229, 254 energía total de un, 227-228 estancamiento, propiedades de, 847-851, 896 flujo adiabático, 873 flujo de simetría rotacional, 878-879 flujo de trabajo, 58, 226-229, 254 flujo estacionario, procesos de, 223-224, 230-246, 254 flujo hipersónico, 853 flujo isentrópico, 853-869, 897 flujo másico, 54, 220-221, 254 flujos expansivos, 880 flujo sónico, 853, 896 flujo subsónico, 853, 856-858, 896 flujo supersónico, 853, 856-858, 896 flujo transónico, 853 flujo volumétrico, 54, 221, 254 Pascal, ley de, 25-26 presión de reposo, 23-26 procesos de flujo no estacionario, 246-251, 254 procesos de flujo uniforme, 247-250, 255 variación de la velocidad del, 856-858 volúmenes de control, 219-277 Flujo de aire, 755 de Rayleigh ahogado, 891 de simetría rotacional, 878 en tuberías, análisis de energía, 244-246 estacionario, proceso de, 237 hipersónico, 853 másico, tasa de, 54, 96, 220-222, 253 sónico, 853, 879-880, 896 subsónico, 853, 856-858 supersónico, 853, 856-858, 873, 879, 896 transónico, 853 volumétrico, 54, 96, 254 Flujo compresible, 847-905 aire, 849-851 choque normal, 867-875, 897 choque oblicuo, 868, 876-880, 897 contrapresión, 860-869, 897 flujo adiabático reversible, 884 flujo de Rayleigh, 884-893, 897 flujo en un ducto, 853-858, 884-893 flujo isentrópico, 853-869, 897 flujo sónico, 853 flujo subsónico, 853, 856-858, 862, 879, 896 flujo supersónico, 853, 857-858, 873, 879, 896 gas ideal, 849-850, 858-860, 885-893, 896 número de Mach (Ma), 847, 852-853, 855, 861-863, 870-872, 876-882, 897 ondas de choque, 847, 868-881 ondas expansivas de Prandtl-Meyer, 880-884 ÍNDICE ANALÍTICO 1003 20Index.indd 1003 7/12/11 14:28:58