¡Descarga Task 1 Questions on Reading 1 “An overview of applied linguistics” y más Ejercicios en PDF de Idioma Inglés solo en Docsity! Task 1 Questions on Reading 1:1 “An overview of applied linguistics” (Schmitt & Celce-Murcia 2000: 1-16) 1. What are the ‘traditional’ areas that applied linguistics covers? L2 acquisition theory, L2 pedagogy and the interface between the two (theory and pedagogy). 2. What is the current interest of applied linguistics? Choose three “non-traditional” areas that Carter & Nunan (2001: 2) include as sub-disciplines of applied linguistics and find out what they study by checking encyclopaedias or using the Internet. Be ready to explain it in class with some examples. The ones mentioned by Carter and Nunan are: literacy, speech pathology, deaf education, interpreting and translating, communication practices, lexicography and L1 acquisition. The ones not mentioned by Carter and Nunan are: mother tongue education, language planning, bilingualism/ multilingualism, forensic linguistics and authorship identification. Deaf education is the education of students with any manner of hearing impairment which addresses their differences and individual needs. This process involves individually-planned, systematically-monitored teaching methods, adaptive materials, accessible settings and other interventions designed to help students achieve a higher level of self-sufficiency and success in the school and community than they would achieve with a typical classroom education. A number of countries focus on training teachers to teach deaf students with a variety of approaches and have organizations to aid deaf students. General lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of general dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that provide a description of the language in general use. Such a dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP dictionary (Language for General Purpose). Specialized lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g. legal lexicography. Such a dictionary is usually called a specialized dictionary or Language for specific purposes dictionary and following Nielsen 1994, specialized dictionaries are either multi-field, single-field or sub-field dictionaries. First Language Acquisition is the process of gaining the capacity to use human language, where previously no such capacities existed. L1s are acquired automatically, without conscious effort. L1s are learned before puberty, typically during infancy. An acquired L1 is known at native proficiency. According to J. Joseph Lee’s Article The Native Speaker, An Applied linguistics (unit 1). EMC 1 Based on a previous worksheet created by Drs. Dafouz and Núñez Perucha (Department of Filología Inglesa I, UCM) Achievable Model?, published in the Asian EFL journal, native speakers have proficiency represented by an “internalized knowledge” of several areas of language, including: • Appropriate use of idiomatic expressions • Correctness of language form • Natural pronunciation • Cultural context including “response cries”, swear words, and interjections • Above average sized vocabulary, collocations and other phraseological items • Metaphors • Frozen syntax, such as binomials or bi-verbials • Nonverbal cultural features 3. In the section entitled “Applied linguistics during the Twentieth Century” there are a number of movements that need special attention due to their influence on language learning and teaching. Look for the following teaching methods and explain them briefly: Grammar-translation method, Direct method, Reading method. Grammar-translation method: according to this approach, a lesson would typically have one or two new grammar rules, a list of vocabulary items, and some practice examples to translate from L1 into L2, or viceversa. Direct method: emphasised exposure to oral language, with listening and speaking as primary skills. Meaning was related directly to the target language, without the step of translation. Reading method: promotes reading skills through vocabulary management. In his method, Michael West substituted low frequency literary words by more frequent items. It was part of a greater approach called ‘the Vocabulary Control Movement’. 4. Behaviourism and Chomsky’s Cognitivism are two opposite views of the process of language acquisition. Can you explain briefly how they oppose each other? Behaviourism focused on the idea of ‘habit-formation’ (conditioned by the environment). In Chomsky’s cognitivism, language was seen as governed by cognitive factors, in particular a set of abstract rules assumed to be innate 5. In what way does Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar differ from Chomsky’s approach? And what are the three types of functions that Halliday identifies in language? In Halliday’s approach (alternative to Chomsly’s), language was not seen as something exclusively internal to a learner, but as a means of Applied linguistics (unit 1). EMC
