Theories in Developmental Psychology: Piaget, Vygotsky, Information Processing, and Ecolog, Apuntes de Desarrollo Cognitivo

¡Descarga Theories in Developmental Psychology: Piaget, Vygotsky, Information Processing, and Ecolog y más Apuntes en PDF de Desarrollo Cognitivo solo en Docsity! Lesson 2: Main theories in developmental psychology  Piaget’s perspective - Piaget’s view of intelligence and intellectual growth - Cognitive approach - He ignored social and cultural influences on development - 4 concepts: Equilibrium-Assimilation-Accommodation-Organization - 4 stages: Sensorimotor-Preoperational-concrete operations-Formal thinking  Sociocultural influences: Lev Vygotsky’s Viewpoint - Focused on how culture –beliefs, values, traditions, skills– is transmitted from generation to generation - Rather than saw children as independent explorers who make critical discovered, he viewed cognitive growth as a socially mediated activity. - Rejected that all the children progress through the same stages of cognitive growth. The new skills children master are often specific to culture rather than universal cognitive structures.  Information processing - The human mind is like a computer into which information flows, is operated on and is converted to output, that is answers, inferences or solutions to problems - Cognitive development as the age-related changes that occur in the mind’s hardware (peripheral nervous system) and software (mental processes such as attention, perception, memory and problem-solving) - Biological maturation is an important contributor to cognitive growth, like Piaget - Maturation of brain and NS enables children and adolescents to process info faster, unlike Piaget (who was vague about connections btw biological and cognitive devel.) - Developing children become better at sustaining attention, at recognizing and storing task-relevant info and at executing mental programs - Biggest break with Piaget: cognitive development is a continuous process not stage like - Strategies to store and operate info evolve gradually over the course of life - So, this perspective involves small quantitative rather than large qualitative changes.  Bronfenbrenner and the ecological systems theory - Development reflects the influence of several environmental systems - This theory identifies 5 environmental systems that an individual interacts with: 1. Microsystem: - The setting in which a person lives in, includes family, peers group, neighborhood, media and school life, this system helps shape a person’s development through direct contact. - The nature is that individuals who have direct contact with the agent will aid in the construction of the setting of this system. 2. Mesosystem: - Relationship btw microsystems. - Microsystems interrelate with each other and this can be seen with the relationship btw school life, the neighborhood and family. 3. Exosystem: - Individual has no active role in determining the settings but them have direct influence on him - E.g.: father layed off from work low income lack of basic needs 4. Macrosystem: - Caused by the ideology in the society or the culture of the society, this influences the individual directly but he has less in determining his settings. - E.g.: Democracy, capitalism, religion... 5. Chronosystem: - Result of a person experience in his life, this includes environmental events and transitions in an individual’s life - Also includes the history of an individual and the events of daily life.