Reported and Direct Speech: Tenses, Verbs, and Adverbs, Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Inglés

¡Descarga Reported and Direct Speech: Tenses, Verbs, and Adverbs y más Esquemas y mapas conceptuales en PDF de Inglés solo en Docsity! REPORTED SPEECH - Saying what another person said before not using the exact words. - When the introductory verb (say, tell, ask, announce...) is in Present, the verb inside the quotation does not change (but the adverbs or pronouns do) Alicia says: “I am tired all the time” - Alicia says that she is tired all the time - When the sentence is a general truth, the verb doesn’t change. The President said: “Crime is punished by law” - The President said that crime is punished by law. Time reference DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH PRESENT SIMPLE He said: " I like apples" PAST SIMPLE He said he liked apples. PRESENT CONTINUOUS He said: " It is raining" PAST CONTINUOUS He said it was raining. PRESENT PERFECT They said: "We've bought a dog" PAST PERFECT They said they had bought a dog. PAST SIMPLE She said: " I didn't recognise you" PAST PERFECT She said she hadn't recognised me. PAST PERFECT You said: " I hadn't seen her" PAST PERFECT You said you hadn't seen her. PAST CONTINUOUS He said: " I was playing tennis" PAST CONTINUOUS (or Past perfect cont.) He said he was playing tennis He said he had been playing tennis.. FUTURE (shall / will) I said: "We will be late" CONDITIONAL I said we would be late. CAN / COULD She said: " I can swim now" She said: " I couldn't swim when I was five" COULD She said she could swim then. She said she couldn't swim when she was five MUST Peter said: " I must go home now" HAD TO Peter said he had to go home then. SHOULD / OUGHT TO She said: "You should read more books" SHOULD / OUGHT TO She said we should read more books. MAY They said: "It may rain" MIGHT They said it might rain. WOULD Henry said: “I would go to Paris this summer” WOULD Henry said he would go to Paris this summer. Adverbs and pronouns here  there now  then this  that / the today  that day tomorrow  the next day yesterday  the day before the previous day this week  that week last week  the week before the previous week next week the following week Statements S + reporting verb + (that) + S + verb in a different tense + rest of sentence SAID / TOLD e.g. She said, ‘I have been late’  She said (that) she had been late. She said to us.... I told you, ‘I will be late’  I told you (that) I would be late /  I told I would be late - SAY is not always followed by an indirect object pronoun, but if it is, always with TO. - TELL is always followed by an indirect object pronoun without a preposition. Verbs used to report statements add admit agree announce answer apologise boast claim complain declare deny(ING) explain find out inform sb insist let sb know mention offer promise (TO) refuse (TO) remind reply report say shout state suggest tell warn whisper Questions Note: Reported questions use normal word order and do not have question marks. a) Yes/no questions S + asked + IF / WHETHER + S + verb in a different tense + rest of sentence e.g. The taxi driver said: "Do you want to go to the city centre?" The taxi driver asked me if / whether I wanted to go to the city centre. b) ‘Wh-’ questions S + asked + WH- WORD + S + verb in a different tense + rest of sentence e.g. She said: "What have you done this morning?" She asked what I had done that morning. Verbs to report questions ask enquire wonder want to know inquire try to find out Orders & Requests S + told / ordered / asked (for requests) + object + TO INFINITIVE + rest of sentence e.g. "Leave here", said Mary.  Mary told us to leave there. "Don't shout", I said to Jim.  I told Jim not to shout. Ann asked me, "Can you open it?"  Ann asked me to open the window. (also possible) Ann asked me if I could open the window.