Télécharge 10 SUJETS TYPES DE BFEM CORRIGES ET COMMENTES et plus Lectures au format PDF de Mathématiques sur Docsity uniquement!
M.CARRE
MATHEMATIQUES
LES AUTOROUTES DU BREVET
2006
REUSSIR VITE ET BIEN
10 SUJETS TYPES DE BFEM CORRIGES ET COMMENTES
Illustrations nettes et précises.
!"#$ %& '("( )*# ( '+' #$ %& '(( )*# , '! '-'(#$ %& '(( )*# , + '!#$ %& '((! )*# ! "# ! $ , - .(#$ %& '((. )*# , + '#$ %& '((" )*#% ! $ !"#$ %& '((( )*# ! " & $ ' ( + !#$ %& ++ )*# $ "# # " ! - /' 0 1 .!'#$ %& ++!/' 0 1 )*# ! " & $( "# ! ! /0 1 !!!#$ %& ++!/0 1 )*# ! '"% !-2 34 4* !.$ 3 4 !" 5 4 !() 4 -+) 4 3 ! B< :C 6!!!#=< : =#% D$$' 'GH ) 33 = 45 4 4 45 :IF(J+, :IF(J+ ;3 :IF( ⇔ :IJ( 45 ⇔ ( & = /:1/:K1J+, ⇔ L L & &= = − 2∅ : M = − : M = − ∉ − ∉ ∈ − ∈ ∈ − ∈ GH 33 45 4 4 , / 1 / 4 / 1 / 4 / 1 ⇔ :N ⇔ :N / 1 ⇔ : ⇔ : / 4 ⇔ :N ⇔ :N / 4 ⇔ : ⇔ : ∞ K∞ ∞ K∞ ∞ K∞ ∞ K∞ M −∞ M +∞ M −∞ − M − +∞ GH 4 4 4 4 1 45 4 4 45 :I(+, :I(+ ⇔ /:F1/:K1 :F+ /'1 :F+ /1 ⇔:K+/1C :K+ / 1 5 :I(+3 > :9* 5, 5 4 4 9*J'∩ , - 5 4 4 9*J∩ , 5 4 4 45 :I(+J∪ J/'∩ 1∪ /∩ 1 J M −∞ − ∪ M +∞ D$$# 'GH;4;3 ; ;# : & − $434 =44:=4 ; 4MM+M!, ;/1J ' '× − = = ;/1J' ;/1J / 1 (× − − = − ;/15: ;/+1J + × − = − ;/+15: ;/!1J ! .× − = ;/!1J . 2 4 ; ; ; ; :FO+, 23; ; :O , ; ;;J M +∞ GH1$434 /√1I/K√1I / 1IJI/1 K J. / 1IJ. /K 1IJIK/1 K J.K /K 1IJ.K 12 4 3 13 4; 45%5 # 5J . − %5J . + 5J . − J / 1− $ 34 , = P+ 343 43 , = − N+ /1IJ P4 P / 1IJ 5Q P+ 334# / 1− J 5J %5J . + J / 1 + = + %5J + ,0 ), 4* . 24 5 * /== 1= 4/M1%/M1, 'GH) 4343443 $ 49 3 43 2 4 4 3 %$, $/:$M9$12/:2M921 /1J$4 J$, /1:$ J $ 9$ :$J J$⇔ $ 9$J %$/1J24 %$J2, :$:% K %$ %$ %$ 9$9%K + :2::2K 2 2 929 92 :2KJ :2J %$J2⇔ ⇔ 2 92J+92J G1 4 4/=2=$=%1 34 %$J24 /=2=$=%1 444 , %%$ :# :%:K + % % % 9%9 - + / -1 + + + +× + − × = + = 3%%$ :, /=2=$=%1 444 /=2=$=%1 34 %%$ : G1) 44 3 343 33 34/ / πJ=' 1, J) π× * 3 343 33 44 4 34, $4344 4$ 34, / 1 / 1" " " & & = − + − 7%#3434 $44 * 9 4 4 34%$, / 1 / 1 '- - ! '" = + + − − = + = = * " π= × '+ D 72C%& 72'(( $0 !"!3 * :;349S; ; # ;/:1J:I:/:1J'F:, 'G1$434 4 4 'J;/ " 1 J/ 1 ;/ " 1J / "1 " " " " − = − = − ' " = − / 1J'√ J'√ G1H$434 4 4 J;/ " 1K/ 1, J 'K /" 1= − K/' 1 ( = − ( = − H2 3 54 +=+'3#'= ' N N'= '!, '= ' N N'= '! ×'= '!N × N ×'= ' 4543 !=--N N!=-!- 44 (!=--N( N(!=-!- ;, = N( N= = N N=!4 J=!F= J+=+' G14 4J ' , 53 4; ( 3∈T ∈ J /" 1/' 1" ' ' " .' − +− = = = − − −− = − J J !"!#3 * 4;349S ; # /:1J/:√1IK/:√1/'K√1K/'K√1I 'GH /:143 549S, /:1J/: 1IK/: 1/'K 1K/'K 1I JV/: 1K/'K 1WI J/: K'K 1I J/:K'1I /:1J/:K'1I GH =45 / 1 . + & − = # / 1 . + & − = ⇔ ' . +& + − = ⇔ ' .& + = ⇔:K'J.:K'J. '' ⇔:J-:J" ⇔:J:J GHB4;3 ; #B/:1J / 1 ' & − H 44 =B44;34 U H 44 =B;3;;U B/:1J / 1 ' & − / 1 ' '- & &= + − :K'O+#B/:1J:K'F' :O ' − #B/:1J:4 =B;34 , B;34 :∈4: +∞−∈ M ' :K'X+#B/:1J:'F' :X ' − #B/:1J:F4 =B;3;;, B;3;; :∈4: −∞−∈ ' M 3H B * /==<1 ' $ !"! 'G1$ 4 4 34= 4 4 # %J"3$J-3, 3 : 34 , 434%4 =%J"34$4$J-3, G1$434 %$3%$ %$IJ%IK$I 3%$J +" + J "=+ '+ " = %$IJ- K- %$IJ'++ %$J'+%$J'+33%$J+=" G143 4 4 J ' %, G1 44*4>/%$1 3/$17, 4 [ ]+ 4, /6 !(1 1$ 4 % + , " , = %4 3 =7$4 3 4 % + J , " /) * )4*1, /%$1HH/ 71 1 7J ' $ J ' % 3 % + J ' '! D 72C%& F72'(( 4 !"! '13 45: ' .!( " () '( 4; '* ( M : 45 , 1$434 4 4 45: # ' & & & & − − − +,- '. !"! : 449* :> :3 *$/$01' 1$/$*' 2 4 4 434/M'14 39*, 43 39* 4 4 I49* .*$/$01' (/' C4 > * /+==<1 43 344=%=$ 4 3 %.022 %02.2%3024 44 V%W, $434 4 3%M$%$ 4 4%$ 34, Y4 <3 4 4 / $434 %YM$YMY/4 4 4 4 4 34,1 1%5$5 3 4 < : %$ 45: /+=<1, 1*5!-5 +/ +" 6 Z Z Z + 0 + " # 1 3 345334 Y >45:/=1, '- D 72C%& 72'(( $0 !"! '13 45: ' .!( " () '( 4; '* ( ,/ : 45 1, .! ! ! = × = 7!,8+,9 )0246:# " '- = × = )0' !× '( - " = × = 4' × ' ! × ( × () " × :' -× ''+ ('- (!- '" *'41' 1$434 4 4 45: # ' & & & & − − − +,- '. # :J #$J / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 − − − − − − − ( ) ( ) - '-! ' '- +− − = ×− −+××− = − −− =" ' - '-! +− − !"! : 449* :> :3 # *$/$01' 1$/$*' 2 4 4 434/M'14 39*, 34/M'14 9*4 =# *($01' 43: 9 ' 1($*' 4 :, 4 39*# *($01'⇔% × *($01'⇔ *($01' 1($*'/ × $*((1'.*((31' < > = # .K J+ ⇔1'.) 4[ 45 9*# *($01' ⇔*((0×)' ⇔*(3' ⇔*'.3 '. ⇔ *'.: 43 39* 4 4 I49* .*$/$01' (/' 4[ 4 4 =49* # '":F9K!J+⇔4$/'.0 (/' (/' < > 3 := # /'"K '. ⇔' '" + − 434 4 : 45 9# '" × + − (/' ⇔/'. '" × + − ⇔/' '" ! + ++ ⇔ /' '" !! + + '1C4 > * /==<1, 43 344=%$ 4 3 %.022 %02.2%3024 44 % $ 343 4 % '=! '=! + / 1 + + + & & + − + = = + + − = = 234 3 /+M+14 % 25Q44 % + D 72C%& F72'((! 4 ;< !"!%+69 'GH3 * [%] 4= 4= ( ', GH%$ 4=54:Y4=(= (='# 4=4 [%]= Y [$], ,15>8# %)+69 3S 4 43 34 3 9J, 34>, 'G1$434 ;3 4 4 3S, G1) 3 43 34M3434 =44 = 454 ), G17\3 3 43 34 , $434 ;3 4 445 4 49 4* 7\, ;< !"!%+69 4 49*/1 ; # ./$'% %$/('% .(/(:'% ,4 > * 4 /==@1, ,15>8%3+69 3 * 4: # /:1J/'!:K'+1/:K!1F/':K"1/.:K1F!/(:IK-:1 %/:1J/.:K'"1I/:K'1I 'G1&3 /:1%/:1 G13 * 45: /:1 ; /:1J / 1 / 1 & + & , G14; 45: /:1, G1 4 #/:1J+M?%' ' # $434 4 4 :3 / 1/ 34 1, 4 3>'+ ; / 13'< <0# ' D 72C%& 72'((! $0 ;< !"!%+69 'GH3 * [%] 4= 4= ( ', 4 [%]4 J%,J% K %J KK K%/4 $41K%J+ J K/K%1 J K %J GH%$ 4=54:Y4=(= (='# 4=4 [%]= Y [$], 4 [%]4 YKY%JY, =(= (=' ⇔YKY$JY$JYK$ ⇔YKYK$JYKYJY ⇔YK$J ⇔ YJ$ ⇔ YJ$ 234=Y$4 3 , 25QY∈[$], ,15>8# %)+69 3S 4 43 34 3 9 J, 34>, 'G1$434 ;3 4 4 3S, 4 4 3S, L L ( / × = L L ( π= × π π× × = = * / = π = * G1) 3 43 34M3434 =44 = 454 ), ) 3 34= 3)J, $4344 )53?), ) 4 34=4 ) 0 0 = , ) ' = = J+=! 5: 4 4 # += ""N)N+=! + -GN)N.G 23)J-G>'G * ;, G17\3 3 43 34, $434 ;3 4 445 4 49 4* 7\ \ \ 7J 7 7 4 4 49 7\, L L ( / × = L L ( = × = × = = / = = 45 4 49 4* 7\, L L L ( = + L ,$ × = × 4 !G -G .G "G += -- += "" +=! + +=! ! 4; /:1=3 34 4 : 444/:15 ;,$ 4 34444 , 4 3445/":K'.1/-:K'(1J+, /":K'.1/-:K'(1J+ ⇔":K'.J+-:K'(J+ ⇔ '. " & = − '( - & = − '. " & ≠ − '( - & ≠ − # / 1 - '( & & & + = + 1 4 #/:1J+M?%' ' # /:1J+⇔ + - '( & & + = + /:1J ' ⇔ ' - '( & & + = + '. " & ≠ − '( - & ≠ − # + - '( & & + = + ' - '( & & + = + ⇔:KJ+⇔/:K1J-:K'( ⇔:J − ⇔-:K J-:K'( ⇔+:J'! 4 4 1$434 4 4 :3 / 1/ 34 1, 4 3>'+ ; / 13'< <0# / 1 - '( + = + 44 # / 1/- '(1 - !. ' " / 1 . -'/- '(1/- '(1 + − − + − = = −+ − ! / 1 "( + = 3 / 1>'+ *# '= ' N N'= '! -=-N ! N-=-.! -!=-NK ! N-!=-.! +=.+N ! "( + N+=. +=.N/ 1N+=" ! ! / 1 "( "( − − + = = − - ?% ')A . + >9+* B7C*-6 4 3 53 3# '1 3 3 34 1 3453 '-+++& 4 4 M # G1 44 G1 : 4 4, %$ 4 344%J"3$J 3, $434 %$; ; , '1 Y4 < 4 /%$1 % J%Y:%$$ J$Y:%$, $434 %Y,$YY, 1 44*4>4 /Y1 $3/%1,$434 $, 1 $434 ,; ; 34* /==@1 * 4=4/ M 1=%/(M-1M$/'M'12/-M(1, '1 2 43 3 %$4 4%$, 1 \444 4* %$2U@; 4 , 1 4/M"19 >/%$1, $ 3 04 3 4 ] 4 3 +] +] !] !] . ::) 7D7E*5 . D 72C%& 72'((. $0 4 3 53 3# $ 3 04 3 4 ] 4 3 +] +] !] !] '1 3 3 34 # "*E *8898".!" !-5*" 13453 '-+++& 4 4 = # 1 44 $ 3 04 3 4 )4 ] 4 3 +] +] !] !] '++] 3 4 ! G .G !G (G '"+G + %$2 444 4 %$24, %J%$ 1 4/M"19 >/%$1, $434$%, !!'! ''1-"/1(/ !!+ ('1'"/1'/ ==+=+−++= ==+=+−+−= + " $J$4 $ >4 3 VW/%$14 3 VW %J%4 % >4 3 VW 5Q49 >/%$1, 9 3 33_++++&,4 3 9 4 ! 344 ,54 4 3=44 .+& ;;3 4 3, $434 4 3 33, '1 J '' '' K - "' ,3 4; K /= 3 4;1, 1 %/:1J: F'K/:K.1/:F1 1 &3 %/:1 1 2 4 = = %/:1 %/:1 1 45: /:1J /:'1/:K.1 1 4 43 5:3 /:144; 1 $434 /:1 :J :J' 4 # , /%$21 *8 34 V%WV2$W4%J-3= 2$J 32J3,$434 45 3 *8 , C9 4 *8%$2 J "3,& ; 3 4 %3434 %,$434 % 3, C4349 %$2 44*4> %$2> ' /> 13 3 43VW=V%W=V$W V2W=@=R '1 $4 ; 3 4 43@R . ::4 7D7E*5 ' 1 1 + = @, 1 $434 4 4 49 /%$21, 4 4 49 /@R1, D 72C%& 72'((" $0 9 3 33_++++&,4 3 9 4 ! 344 ,54 4 3=44 .+& ;;3 4 3, $434 4 3 33, :4 3 , 9 3 9;3 :4 #9J , ! & :K , ! & J++++.+ ( '."+ ! & = :J '."+ ! (-++ ( × = :J(-++& 9J(-++ .-"+ ! × = 9J.-"+& J '' '' K - "' , '13 4; K /= 3 4;1, J '' '' K - "' , J''F: . K . F( J! . J J!3J. 1%/:1J: F'K/:K.1/:F1 1&3 %/:1 %/:1J: F'K/:K.1/:F1 :FJ/:F'1 %/:1J/:F'1/:K'1K/:K.1/:F'1 :I'J/:F'1/:K'1 %/:1J/:F'1/:K'1K/:K.1 /:K.1 %/:1J/:F'1/:K'!1 :K'!J/:K!1 %/:1J/:F'1/:K!1 12 4 = = %/:1 %/:1J/:F'1/:K'!14 44;34 %/:1J:IK'!:F:F'! > 4; ;3 , %/:1J:IK':F'! 145: /:1J / 1 / '1/ .1 + & & &− + 1 4 43 5:3 /:144; $ 5:3# /:1: /:'1/:K.1≠ + 4 45/:'1/:K.1J+ 4 4 444/:15 , 4 4 444/:1:, /:'1/:K.1J+ ⇔:F'J+:K.J+ ⇔:J':J. /:1:4 :≠ ':≠ . 4;3# :≠ ':≠ .# / !1 / 1 . & & & + = + 1$434 /:1 :J :J' :J # / !1 / 1 . + = + ( 1!/ 1.1/./ 1.1/!/ . 1!/ 1/ − −− = −+ −+ = + + = . ((- . ((- 1/ + = − −− = :J'# / ' !1 ' / '1 ' . - − + − = = = − + / '1 − = 4 # '1/%$21 *8 34 V%WV2$W4%J-3= 2$J 32J3,$434 45 3 *8 5 *8 4; 4# L L ( × ( ) / 1 + )" ) +") + × = ( ) '! I +") = ( ) /- 1 '! +") + × = = ! 1 45 4 4 3 = 34 4* , 1 4 4>= 4 4* 4, /%14 3 3 454 7, . ::: 3 * 4: # /:1J/:F1/:K!1F/F:1/F:1K: F %/:1J: F :K F/:F-1 '1 &3 /:1%/:1, /:1J/:F1/:K!1F/F:1/F:1K: F /F:1JK/:F1 /:1J/:F1/:K!1K/:F1/F:1K/:1/:K1 /:1J/:F1V/:K!1K/F:1K/:K1W /:1J/:F1/:K'+1/:1J/:F1/:K'+1 %/:1J: F :K F/:F-1 %/:1J/:F1/:F1F/:F1 %/:1J/:1V/:F1W %/:1J/:F1/:F!1 %/:1J/:F1/:F!1 12 4 /:1%/:1, /:1J/:F1/:K'+1 /:1J:IK'+:F:F+ /:1J:IK":F+ /:1J:IK":F+ %/:1J/:F1/:F!1 %/:1J:I!:F:K'+ %/:1J:IF.:K'+%/:1J:IF.:K'+ 1 $434 /+1/√1, /+1J+IK":+F+ /+1J+ /+1J+ / 1J ( ) " ++ − - / 1J " + '. " + − = − + / 1J '. " − + 1 /:14 ; /:1J / 1 / 1 & + & , 44 4 :=/:15 U /:15 %/:1J+, %/:1J+ ⇔/:F1/:F!1J+ ⇔:FJ+:F!J+ ⇔:J:J! /:15 :J:J!, !12 3 4; /:1, /:1J / 1/ '1 / 1/ !1 & & & & − + − − & ≠ !& ≠ #/:1J '+ ! & & + − /:1J '+ ! & & + − 4; =%J'"MYJ'M$%J ! ,/Y14 34 > /%$1, '1 $434 4 4 :3 $ %$/%$J%YKY$1 $%J / " $J ' ' ! '! ! / "+ × = = = $Y% $J'! %YIJ%IYI Y$IJ$IYI %YIJ'"I'I Y$IJ'!I'I %YIJ'"+ Y$IJ"' %YJ- ! Y$J( %$J%YKY$J(K- ! %$J(K- ! 1 44*4>/%$1 4 V%W4%J-=3/$1&, 3434 & & . $Y% 44 * )4*# =%4 =&$44 = " + = /&1HH/%$1 " + = 3&J " + × &J ' '! '+ '" × = &J'+ ) 3 3 34/$1 3 * %J-3, 3 34/$14 J-+G, >/$13/%17, '1 \444 4 =7 =7 U 3 4<; 4 , J 9 J 3 43*4 34, J 9 J-+G 3 K J'+G J J-+G 3# 44 4 /7 13 34 3/7 1⊥ / 1 25Q#7 4 34 + 1 2 4 /+=!1 !1 $ 4 3 34 4 ,=!/'=! 44=' 4 1 #!6"F"679E7,876 "?-9 C : 43 44 44 5 3 ,4 : *4# 4 *4'#4; 5 3 3S 4 4 44*4 3 +3'+3 9, *4#4; 5 3 9 4 44*4 3 3S 3; +3+3, : *4 !+3 '1 3 *4 134 *44 4:443 45 = 84>; 4 3:, & *4/'1M;, *4/'1F64, *4'/=!1M64, *4/=!1M3:<;/'1 3 * 4%$4%J!3M$J-3%$J. 3,44 V%$W, '1 $ 0=43 4%$, /+=!1 1 30K0%K0$J= 4= # K %K $J 0 /'=!1 ' . .!6"F"679D-87 "?-9 '1 2 4 = Y/ & 1J / & K 1 F / & K 1K44; 4 ( ) ( ( (+ = + + J / & K & K1F & ×K/ & K 1 J & K & √K J & K" & K'F & (44 # J & K & KF / & K 1JF & × 43 3 # Y/ & 1J & K & K 433 # Y/ & 1JK & K & 0/:1J/ & K 1 44; 4 ( ) ( ( (+ = + + J & K & K/:K 1 J & K & K 43 3 # 0/ & 1J & K & K 433 # 0/ & 1JK & K & 1 ;3 Y/:1# Y/ & 10/ & 14`; , 3#Y/ & 1J0/ & 1 25Q#Y/ & 1J/ & K 1 Y/ & 1J/ & K 1/ & K 1 1\/:1J√Y/:1# \/:1J ( ) & + J & + 44; 4 = \/:1J & + 1 45\/:1J√# & + J 44; 4# ⇔ L L & &+ = + = − L L ( ( (= ⇔ = = − L L & &⇔ = = − L L & &⇔ = = − 1 45\/:1J # & + J ⇔ L L & &+ = + = − ⇔ L L & &= − = − − ⇔ L L - - & & − − − = = 312 * 4/==<1= \/:1#, \/:1J & + & K√P+4 \/:1J & + & K√P+⇔:P − & K√N+4 \/:1J &− − & K√N+⇔:N − & K√J+4 \/:1J+ & K√J+⇔:J − D 79-87 ,-9C, 8B6*15*- M −∞ − #\/:1J &− − :J − #\/:1J+ M − +∞ #\/:1J & + # M −∞ − #9J &− − :J − #9J+ M − +∞ #9J & + : −∞ − +∞ \/:1 &− − + & + ! $434 4 3 3S# $4344 B 3#BJ Z Z '+ ' + 0 0 = = ' " = -= ' " − . " 0 0π × × = J+3 . " 0 0π × × = × J:!+3J'++3 . + '++ !+++ " π π× × = × = !+++ π = $434 4 3 49 # $4344 B 3#BJ Z Z Z Z Z + ' + 0 1 0 1 = = = = ' " = -= ' " − . " 1 0× = @J +3 . " 1 0× = × J:!+3J'++3 . + '++ ' +++ " × = × = ' +++ = 3 4 : 4 : *4=4 ?4 *44 3, 3 * 4%$4%J!3M$J-3%$J. 3,44 V%$W, '1 $ 0=43 4%$# 3 04 3 , - 130K0%K0$J= # 4= K %K $J 0 0K0%K0$J ⇔0 K K0 K %K0 K $J ⇔0 K K %K $J ⇔ K %K $J0 0 J 0 ⇔ K %K $J 0 . D 72C%& F72++! 4/' 0C1 : 33' 4: # ;/:1J/:F!1I/:F'1I/:1J:IK/:K'1/!F:1F! 'G12 4 = ;/:1/:1, G1&3 ;/:1/:1, G1/:1 / 1/! -1 /! 1/ 1 & & & & − − = − − 1 2 43 5:3 /:14; /:1, 1 # / 1 & = , : 33 539 3; >34 :9 5# #'!+& 54/ 1 3 4 +++&, #!+&45 54 , 'G1:4 5 44='/:1/:14 :; 3 3 3 := '/:1J'!+:K+++ /:1J!+:, G12` * /==<1=3 4 43 ;;', #'3 '+++& 45: '3 45: 3 G12 4 44 454 45 3 44 43434, G1 3 :34 5 ;; 9 4 4` :U : 33 'G113 3 34/1 3 9 3,% : /1 4, 43 /14 J 3, 31 \444 4 U 1 4 454% , G1R4 5 3 4 34 >/%1 4 / 1, 1 @; % 4 34, 1 3% J3R=3434 RR, G1Y4 < 4 /%1, 1 3434 3% :* ;; , 1 : %Y;3 3% I+% +/ + = , G143 4 4[ ]4J3, 44*4>/ 1 34[]&, \444 4&U : 33 Y 3 5 4; 53S 4 / ; 3 1#YJ'+3MYJ'+3MY43 , !+ G12 4 44 454 45 3 44 43434, 54 > '! , $ 34 4 : 444'!+:K+++N!+:, '!+:!+:N+++ ⇔++:N+++ ⇔:P'! G1 3 :34 5 ;; 9 4 4` :U 2:34 5 ;; 4` : '! , : 33 'G113 3 34/1 3 9 3,% : /1 4,43 /1 4 J 3, 1\444 4 U J J 3J J J 3 4 4 4 4, 31 4 454% , % 4 , J-+G % J'"+G-+G % J'+G % J'+G G1R4 5 3 4 34 >/%1 4 / 1, 1 @; % 4 34, ∈/1 % 4 V%W * /1 34 , 1 3% J3R= 3434 RR, 3% J % + J ' 3RJ . J ' 3RJ RJ× J" RJ"3 RIJRII RIJ- F'- RIJ " RJ RJ 3 !' G1Y4 < 4 /%1, 1 3434 3% :* ;; , 24 4% Y 34Y, 3%J +/ +% 24 4% 34 , 3%J +% + 1 : %Y;3 3% I+% +/ + = , 3%J +/ +% 4 %YJ% ×3% %YJ% ×3% %YJ% × +% + %YJ +% + %YJ +% + G143 4 4[ ]4J3, 44*4>/ 1 34[]&,\444 4 &U == 4 3 =&=4 3 % % = = /) * )4*1 / 1HH/&1 % = = 4 &J × = × = &J3 % % = = 4 &J %× = × = &J3 J&J&J34 & 4 4 4, ! : 33 3 5 4; 53S 4 / ; 3 1#YJ'+3MYJ'+3MY43 , 'G1$434 4 4 33S, 64J L L ( × 64J I / /π× × 64J '++ '+ '+++ π π× × = = 64 '+++ π π = = G1 3 3: 5 3 ;44 3 '+3 3S>'+++&4;44,$434 4 4, 4 4J π × × JYJ 9 $4344 3, JJ 3 IJYIKYI IJ'+IK'+I IJ++ J'+ 4 4J '+ '+ '++ π π× × = 5;44J3S×3S 5;44J'+×'+J'++ ;443 J L L Z L ;443 J '++ '++ π π= π J=' '= ' = = # π ≈ = ((-/4 a 4>b1 N π N! 3 3=4 33 !;44, 24J!×'+++&J!+++&, !! G1$ 4&4$&J%F$, $&J%F$ $&J$K$%F$ $&J$K$% $%K%&J$K$% %&J$ G1@; %44 V2&W, %&J$ 2%J%&4 %44 V2&W, 2%J$ : 33#'+/' 1 3 33 ;; 3 ,2 44 /61;/&1 <; , !- @;3 B1 : 4;4 F/:1 ;, & :;= :; /:1; 41 4 4%$ 34% 4 J3$, 6 $34 1 -+ '! = , 6 -+ '! '! 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