American Civil War and the Fifties, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica American Civil War and the Fifties e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! North and South (storia) the North and South: very different in character [molto diverso nel carattere| North°s economy: more industrialized with a large population South’s economy: agriculture (cotton) and slaves Slavery divided North and South — to the northeners was immoral “to southemers was integral to their way of life The American Civil War Between 1861 and 1865: civil war between North and South 1820: slavery became illegal in the Northern States (more people wanted the US govemmebnt abolished it everywhere) 1860: Abraham Lincoln became President of the US (republican party) He was against slavery The following year 11 southern states left the USA and formed Confederacy (capital: Richmond, Virginia. President: Jefferson Davis) Civil war started on 12.04.1861 and the Confederacy was defeated 4 years later 1863: Lincoln made slavery illegal in the Confederacy, 4 millions slaves were free by July 1865. Many joined the Union army. Most of the battles were fought in the South (terrible destruction) By the end of the war 630,000 men had been killed The resentment towards North didn't end and Lincoln was shot by a Southerner fanatic Civil War resolved 2 important matters: - put an end to slavery * decided that the country wasn't a collection of semi-independent states but one country Reconstruction in the post-slavery South Civil war ended - cities and plantations had been destroyed * South economy had been ruined South reconstruction was long and difficult * some North business man made large profits out of it * govemments: corrupt and inefficient * white southemers wanted revenge for the defeat * more factories were built in the South * transport was improved 1865: Congress passed the 13° Amendment wich outlowed slavery forever (250 years of slavery came to an end) The abolition of slavery failed to provide African Americans with political or economical equality (still poor, homeles and segregated) Segregation South: white politicians passed segregation laws that prevented blacks from going to the same school, hospitals, restaurants or theaters as whites. For vote they had to pay a tax and pass a literacy test (most of them didn't vote) Ku Klux Klan: formed to ensure [per garantire| white supremacy. Politicians, government officers and police officers were part of the KKK. They wore long robes with hoods (hide the face) They beat, hanged Jimpiccare|, shot black people and set fire to their houses. Lynchings took place everywhere and the police didn't do anything about that. [linciaggi] During the 1910s and 1920s: the KKK counted more than 4 million members. They expanded their influence to the MidWest and included: - Jews |Ebrei] * Roman Catholics [Cattolici romani] *_ foreigners stranieri] In the same year 300,000 blacks left the cotton fields of the south to find work in the industrialized cities of the North (factories need extra works) 1° December 1955 (Montgomery, Alabama): Rosa Parks, black girl, was arrested and fined | multata] because she had refuse to give the bus' seat to a white man A bus boycott was organized by Montogemry's black community (one of the leaders: Martin Luther King) White people's violent reaction was immediate but the Supreme Court ruled that the segregation on the bus was illegal. Illegal was the racial discrimination in public schools too + in 1957, 9 black students in Little Rock (Arkansas) had to be protected from white students and parents by armend federal troops during the entire year of school The Fifties: the Affluent Society and the Cold War USA in the fifties: enjoyed a period of a great economic growth (American dream seemed to come true) The “Affluent Society" The US was stronger than ever in the financial, industrial end military fields [campi] (after the ww2) — become the richest and the most powerful country in the world life is easier and more enjoyable thanks to cars, television sets, refrigerators ecc... by 1960, 90% of homes had at least 1 television set Standard of living: highest in the world (this life style became the model for many countries) Women start to working out of home and earning moneys Consumerism made people happy and large corporations got immense profits the distribution of wealth: was uneven lirregolare| and 22% of population lived below poverty level (especially in the South) Arthur Miller (best playwrights) wrote a few plays where he denounced the false values of modern