Animal Farm: Summary, Sintesi del corso di Inglese

Scarica Animal Farm: Summary e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! ANIMAL FARM CHAPTER 1 After Mr Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, falls asleep drunken, all of his animals meet in the big barn at the request of Old Major, a 12-year-old pig. Major delivers a political speech about the evils inflicted upon them by their human keepers and their need to rebel against the tyranny of Man. After elaborating on the various ways that Man has exploited the animals, Major says that all animals are friends and all human beings are enemies, then he mentions a strange dream of his in which he saw a vision of the earth without humans. He then teaches the animals a song, “Beasts of England”, which they sing repeatedly until they awaken Jones, who fires from his bedroom window in the darkness, thinking there is a fox in the yard. Frightened by the shot, the animals disperse and go to sleep. CHAPTER 2 After the death of Old Major, the animals spend their days secretly planning the rebellion, although they are unsure when it will happen. Because of their intelligence, the pigs are placed in charge of educating the animals about Animalism, the name they give to the philosophy expounded by Major. Among the pigs, Snowball and Napoleon are the most important to the revolution. Despite Mollie’s concern with ribbons and Moses’ tales of a place called Sugarcandy Mountain, the pigs are successful in conveying the principles of Animals to the others. The rebellion occurs when Jones falls again into a drunken sleep and neglects to feed the animals, who break into the store-shed [magazzino] in search of a meal. When Jones and his men arrive, the begin whipping [frustare] the animals but soon find themselves being attacked and chased off the farm. The triumphant animals then destroy all traces of Jones, eat heartily [di gusto] and revel in their newfound freedom. After a tour of Jones’ house, they decide to leave it untouched as a museum. Snowball changes the sign reading “Manor Farm” to “Animal Farm” and paint the seven Commandments of Animalism on the wall of the barn [fienile]. At the end the cows give five buckets of milk, which Napoleon steals. CHAPTER 3 Despite the initial difficulties inherent in using farming tools designed for humans, the animals cooperate to finish the harvest [raccolto], in fact they do so in less time than it had taken Jones and his men to do the same. Boxer distinguishes himself as a strong tireless worker, admired by all the animals. The pigs becomes the supervisors and directors of the animal workers. On Sundays, the animals meet in the big barn to listen to Snowball and Napoleon debate a number of topics on which they seem never to agree. Snowball forms a number of Animal Committees, all of which fail. However he does prove successful at bringing a degree of literacy to the animals, who learn to read according to their varied intelligences. To help the animals understand the general precepts of Animalism, Snowball reduces the Seven Commandments to a single slogan: “four legs good, two legs bad”. Napoleon, meanwhile, focuses his energy on educating the youth and takes the infant pups of Jessie and Bluebell away from their mothers, presumably for educational purposes. The animals learn that the cows’ milk and wind fallen apples are mixed everyday into the pigs’ mash. When the animals object, Squealer explains that the pigs need the milk and apples to sustain. Themselves as they work for the benefit of all the other animals. CHAPTER 4 As summer ends and news of the rebellion spreads to other farms (by way of pigeons released by Snowball and Napoleon), Jones spends most of his time in a pub, complaining about his troubles to two neighboring farmers: Pilkington and Frederick. In October, Jones and a group of men arrive at Animal Farm and attempt to seize control of it. Snowball turns out to be an extraordinary tactician and, with the help of other animals, drives Jones and his men away. The animals then celebrate their victory in what the call “the battle of the Cowshed”. CHAPTER 5 Winter comes, and Mollie works less and less. Eventually, Clover discovers that Mollie is being bribed off [corrotta] Animal Farm by one of Pilkington’s men, who eventually wins her loyalties. Mollie disappears, and the pigeons report seeing her standing outside a pub, sporting one of the ribbons that she always coveted [bramare]. The pigs increase their influence on the farm, deciding all questions of policy and then offering their decisions to the animals, who must ratify them a majority vote. Snowball and Napoleon continue their debates, the greatest of which occurs over the building of a windmill on a knoll [collinetta]. Snowball argues in favor of the windmill, which he is certain will eventually become a labor-saving device; on the other hand Napoleon argues against it, saying that building the windmill will take time and effort away from the more important task of producing food. The two also disagree on whether they should amass an armory of guns (as Napoleon thinks) or send out more pigeons to neighboring farms to spread news of the rebellion (as Snowball thinks). On the Sunday that the plan for the windmill is to be put to a vote, Napoleon calls out nine ferocious dogs, who chase Snowball off the farm. Napoleon then announces that all debates will stop and institutes a number of other new rules for the farm. Three weeks after Snowball’s escape, Napoleon surprises everybody by announcing that the windmill will be built. He sends Squealer to the animals to explain that the windmill was really Napoleon’s idea and that the plans for it were stolen from him by Snowball. CHAPTER 6 During the following year, the animals work harder than ever before. Building the windmill is a laborious business, and Boxer proves himself a model of physical strength and dedication. Napoleon announces that Animal Farm will begin trading with neighboring farms and hires [assumere] Mr Whymper to act as his agent. Other humans meet in pubs and discuss their theories that the windmill will collapse and that Animal Farm will go bankrupt. Jones gives up his attempts at retaking his farm and moves to another part of the country. The pigs move into the farmhouse and begin sleeping in beds, which Squealer excuses on the grounds that the pigs need their rest after the daily strain of running the farm. That November, a storm topples the half-finished windmill. Napoleon tells the animals that Snowball is responsible for its ruin and offers a reward to any animal who kills Snowball or brings him back alive. Napoleon then declares that they will begin rebuilding the windmill that very morning CHAPTER 7 As the human world watches Animal Farm and waits for news of its failure, the animals struggle against starvation. Napoleon uses Mr. Whymper to spread news of Animal Farm’s sufficiency to the human world. After learning that they must surrender [consegnare] their eggs, the hens stage a demonstration that only ends when they can no longer live without the rations that Napoleon had denied them. Nine hens die as a result of the protest. The animals are led to believe that Snowball is visiting the farm at night and spitefully subverting [sconvolgere] their