Appunti di inglese: James Joyce, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Appunti di inglese: James Joyce e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! Joyce James Joyce • He was educated in Jesuit schools in Dublin and went to University College, where he graduated in modern languages. • He had no interest in movements for Irish independence but was interested in European culture and considered himself a European rather than an Irishman. • He left Dublin when he was 22: he spent some time in Paris, then back in Ireland he met Nora Barnacle and went to live with her in Italy, Trieste, where he worked as an English teacher. He became friends with Italo Svevo • With Nora Barnacle he had two children, Giorgio and Lucia. They finally got married in 1931. • He had financial problems while living in Trieste. Some of his works were considered obscene and published many years after they were written. He left Trieste because of the war and moved to Switzerland, where he died in 1941. MAIN WORKS • Chamber Music: a collection of poems (1907) • Dubliners: a collection of short stories (written in 1905 but published in 1914) • A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: a semi-autobiographical novel (1916) • Ulysses: a novel published in Paris in 1922 • Finnegans Wake: novel published in 1939 MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES IN JOYCE’S WORKS • Although Joyce chose to leave Ireland, it is the setting of most of his works, especially Dublin, seen from the point of view of a European, not of an Irishman • He wanted to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people • The lives of ordinary Dubliners represent in general man’s mental, emotional and biological reality • Isolation and detachment of the artist from society - His task > to render life objectively → he used different points of view and narrative techniques - Greater importance given to the inner world of the characters - Time > perceived as subjective THE EVOLUTION OF JOYCE’S STYLE • stile in Dubliners - Disciplined prose - Different points of view - Free-direct speech - Epiphany - Mixture of symbolism and realism • later works (Ulysses, Finnegans Wake) - interior monologue with two levels of narration - extreme interior monologue (without punctuation) JOYCE AND SVEVO • Joyce and Svevo met in Trieste - Joyce was working as an English teacher and Svevo asked him to be his private tutor - They soon became friends and their narrative techniques have many similarities. • They both used the interior monolgue, adopting an internal point of view. • Svevo was one of the first Italian novelists to apply psychoanalytical discoveries to literature - He adopted forms of narration and a treatment of time that definitely made him an avant-garde novelist - To him, writing was therapeutic for all sorts of “diseases”, real or imaginary, from cigarette smoking to senility - Most of his writing is to a large degree autobiographical Ulysses • the whole book is about the 16th of June 1904 because it’s the day he met his future wife - now it’s called blooms day • Leopold Bloom > protagonist • Molly Bloom > unfaithful wife • Steven Dedalus > he’s the protagonist of A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man • It’s called Ulysses because it recalls the story of Ulysses > here Leopold wanderers around Dublin - There are 18 different chapters, that recall the 24 books of Homer • there’s no punctuation > it’s only 8 pages • It was accused of obscenity > it wasn’t approved YES I SAID YES I WILL YES The passage is drawn from the very last part of the novel, revolves around Molly’s interior monologue. Molly is Leopold’s wife and the main character in the last part of the novel. Unlike Ulysses’ wife, Penelope, she’s unfaithful to her husband Molly is lying in her bed, half awake half asleep, and thinking about her past and present life. Although there’s no punctuation, the word “yes” works as a connector between sentences and creates a sort of punctuation. At the beginning of the passage Molly remembers the day when Leopold asked her to marry him. She liked him because he was a sensitive man. Actually, Molly encouraged Leopold to ask her to get married; she didn’t answer immediately and looked at the sea and the sky. Then she thinks about what happened to her even before she knew Leopold. She remembers her youth in Gibraltar, other men and other kisses. In the last part of the monologue there’s a climax of her stream of consciousness and erotic thoughts. Molly’s flux of thoughts is now back at when she and Leopold got engaged. She remembers she told him to ask again with her eyes and then she put her arms around him and said “ yes”. The interior monologue is the techinique employed by Joyce to translate the stream of consciousness, that is the flux of thoughts in an individual's mind, into words. • at the end > she accepts to marry him and they have sex • It’s a stream of conciseness p. 408 Sint Stami PUBANERS > dluort giries James Joyce = Tunis is TALEN Enom AMoescene Eveline SHE sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains and in her nostrils was the odour offdiist} cretonne. She was tired. ° Erasti aci STALTS ) A " 4 Frashpack ____ (Few people passed. The man'out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his PRESE footsteps clacking along the/concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path (before the new red houses. there used to be a field there in which they used to play "ua 3a "s chi PAST. % every evening with other people's children. Then a man from Belfast bought the field and fols ) gie 4 built houses in it -- not like their little brown houses but bright brick houses with shining roofs. The children of the avenue used to play together in that field -- the Devines, the Waters, + Pres! Seegce tim fhe Dunns, little Keogh the cripple, she and her brothers and sisters. Ernest, however, never 9 Sgnol played: he was too grown up. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his (01 blackthomn stick; but usually little Keogh used to keep nix and call out when he saw her father uditi coming. Still they seemed to have been rather happy then, Her father was not so bad then; and i 7, copri besides, her mother was alive. That was a long time ago; she and her brothers and sisters were when hc csi ) Enze omscT all grown up her mother was dea ie Dunn was dead, too, and the Waters had gone back dines i ‘to England. Everything chang: was going to go away like the others, to leave her home. è abi Twovylità come tohi mini freely FUTONET eine See Ù Allis She looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had id SE onsa la ei lonce a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the' icame from. Perhaps she» + . Huinas would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being 2 divided. And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose ‘es. nd hay yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured vg ras print of the promises made to Blessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. He had been a school friend Mo de \ of her father. Whenever he showed the photograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word: She conside go 4 cons IDO abandone d, estati cporalys = chath PZ "He is in Melbourne now." MIXED Fecuna s She had consented to go away, to leave her home. Was that wise? She tried to weigh each side of the question. In her home anyway she had shelter and food; she had those whom she had “known all her life about her. O course she had to work hard, both in the house and at business. ‘What would they say of her in the Stores when they found out that she had run away with a fellow? Say she was a fool, perhaps; and her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad. She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening. "Miss Hill, don't you see these ladies are waiting?" "Look lively, Miss Hill, please." She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores. novs=lO fespec x > = OISTANT, UMIMNOWN di But in bei Ton in a distant unknown country, it would'not be like that. Then she would +hy is inretbt to kt < he, Eveline, People would treat her withlrespectithen. She would not be treated?! ont ° . Even now, though she was over nineteen, she sometimes felt herself A a a p mostage 6 a clin danger of her father's violence. She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations. e r covipir ic clansi mothy ua When they were growing up he had never gone for her like he used to go for Harry and Ernest, because she was a girl but latterly he had begun to threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake. And no she had nobody to protect her. Ernest was Ù Tieuted Doxa ph® < ames Josca Eu to dead and Harry, who was in the church decorating business, was nearly always down somewhere in the country. Besides, the invariable squabble for money on Saturda, begun to weary her unspeakably. She always gave her ei - seven shillings Harry always sent up what he could but the trouble was to get any money from her father. He said she used to squander the money, that she had no head, that he wasn't going to give her his gate si hard-eamed money to throw about the streets, and much more, for he was usually fairly bad °°. on Saturday night. In the end he would give her the money and ask her had she any intention of buying Sunday's dinner. Then she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing, holding her black leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed her way through perito | the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. She had hard work to keep He Siate! «anE0 at the house together and to see that the two young di frén who had been left to hr charge went te unknown to school regularly and got their meals regularly. It was hard work -- a hard life - but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life. > onest aank= She was about to explore another life with{FranK)Frank was very kind, manly, open-hearted. Cav00r She wasto go away with him by the night-boat to be his wife and to live with him in Buenos. => new Mo, Ayres where he had a home waiting for her. How well she remembered the first time she ha e da seen him; he was lodging in a house on the main road where she used to visit. It seemed a few Ò, ao use weeks ago. He was standing at the gate, his peaked cap pushed back on his head and his hair tran ) in Pv! tumbled forward over a face of bronze. Then they had come to know each other. He used to meet her outside the Stores SVEN evening and FOT Pome. He took her to see The Bohemian Girl and she felt elated as she sat in an unaccustomed part of the theatre with him. He was awfully fond of music and sang a little. People knew that they were courting and, ‘when he sang about the lass that loves a sailor, she always felt pleasantly confused. He used t {Gall her Poppens out of fun. First of'all it had been an excitement for her to have a fellow and then she had begun to like him. He had tales of distant countries. He had started as a. deck boy ata pound a month on a ship of the Allan Line going out to Canada. He told her the names of the ships he had been on and the names of the different services. He had sailed through the Straits of Magellan and he told her stories of the terrible Patagonians. He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres, he said, and had come over to the old country just for a holiday. Of course, her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him. FATHER vo NELMONSHI. gplosg Troggter multa e, she will awa y and "I know theseGailor)chaps, " he said. NO Me T “ “ re\\2k + DU sgneeliable a epr the novus anu mor One day he had quarrelled with Frank and after that she had to meet her lover secretly. € pui 9 how A ti met k nickipune she had decicec TO € a h The evening deepened in the avenue. The white of two letters in her lap grew indistinct. One do tot c ‘was to Harry; the other was to her father. Emest had been her favourite but she liked Hary “0° ches half 10» ee fer vs becoming ld le, he noiedi he woul mist br Sometimes he could — <a nd © be very nice. Not Tong before, when she had been laid up for a day, he had readherouta “ in 4q inovgnio SAR a Another day, when their mother was alive, they US she ci mothers bonnet to make the children laugh. leasant ir Tar re dont bartito to Mmenories Twist) Her time was running out but she continued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the ° window curtain, inhaling the odour ofus cretonne. Down far in the avenue she could hear a street organ playing. She knew the air Strange that it should come that very night to remind her of the]promise to her mother, her promise to keep the home together as long as she could. She remembered the!last night of her mother's illness; she was again in the close dark room at SL