APPUNTI IN INGLESE SU MARY SHELLEY E FRANKENSTEIN, Temi di Inglese

Scarica APPUNTI IN INGLESE SU MARY SHELLEY E FRANKENSTEIN e più Temi in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! She was born in London, 1797 > her parents were 2 popular authors and controversialists > Mary Wollstonecraft and William Goldwin. Her mother > Wollstonecraft + bom and raised in a repressive and abusive family. According to her education girls did not matter and for that reason she became an outspoken proto-feminist. Her father > Goldwin + grown up in a conservative household, rebelled against his education and became a They became lovers (had lot of ideas in common) > she was pregnant before their marriage, they decided to marry while their friends did not agreed because they were always been against legal institutions such as marriage. Her mother died shortly after their marriage of poisoning so Mary never knew her mother but she felt a sort of sense of duty, she knew that she was the daughter of two authors and credited her parents. Childhood and education > she grew up in a stimulating and lively environment, her father was supportive, he wanted her to be independent and creative and also she grew up with her mother's programme of rational female education. She could met thinkers such as Blake, Coleridge, Hazlitt and Lamb. In their family there was also> Fanny Imlay, illegitimate daughter of her mother who was born after a previous relationship. When her father re-married to Mary Jane Clermont and entered in their house with her two illegitimate children $ Mary started to see the family as a loose and uncertain unit. Even though Mary adored her father and considered him as her God, her stepmother was not at all as her mother, for that reason + went in Scotland to live with an admirer of her father, 14yo. She spent two years in the countryside, writing stories and daydreaming and then she came back to London > here she met PERCY SHELLEY, separated from his wife he admired Goldwin and always went to their house. They fell in love > pregnant, eloped to Europe with also Mary's stepsister > Claire Clairmont > wandered from town to town. Back in England + gave birth but her daughter died after 12 days, a year later had a son > London, as always, gossiped and the couple faced social ostracism, not just because of the scandal but also cause Shelley was often full of debts and in financial difficulties. Also her father did not approved her relationship with Shelley. Her stepsister had a relationship with Byron and was pregnant, the 3 of the, went in Geneva > HERE MARY > Story about a man of science who wanted to defeat death, to conquer nature and make life, became A MYTH for the modern western culture > Anonymous publication ® Claire, her stepsister > suicide by overdose * Shelley's abandoned wife drowned herself in London ® The court denied Shelley the custody of his and his previous wife children because, according to them, he was unfit * Theymovedto Italy to escape debts ® Theirthird child died ® Herfatherdied after some months ® Miscarriage * Herstepsister's daughter died Her usual reserve > apathy, she was distant from her husband, for that reason he tried to find some love from his wife's friend > he died on a boating accident- Mary came back to England, wanted to support her son, disseminate the poetry and had a financial assistance from Shelley's father > SIR TIMOTHY > she became a professional woman of letters. Production > novella, five novels some of them also to write autobiographically, short stories for gift books and annuals (publishing phenomenon 18205) Production rich, various, interested in science, chemistry, medicine, evolutionary theories. * Goodgovernment ® Social justice ® Education * Genderand position of women * Relationship man-nature * Relationshiphistory-individual ® Individual liberty in the face of tyranny She challenged the idea of individualism, instead of an ethic of cooperation was needed to reform society; she demonstrated that no political or social system could work without an improvement in human nature. Mary also produced some editions of her husband's writing, altered the text, added prefaces and notes. She related to the writings what was happening in Shelley's life at the time. Sir Timothy died in 1844 > leaved his title and estate to her son; she was finally in comfortable circumstances. Mary died in 1851 > brain tumour, she was not able to talk and walk, paralysed. She craved social acceptance and a status > tried to escape from the scandalous careers of her mother, her father and husband. PLOT > Next edition + REVEALED MARY TO BE THE AUTHOR > everybody believed the author to be Percy Shelley, cause it was dedicated to Mary's father, a man that Percy admired incredibly, so they taught about him while was the wife the real author. "> Even Byron, who usually does not appreciate women from this point of view > said that it was amazing. "> Mary in the next edition decided to change some things about the language, she corrected something from the linguistic point of view, cause she was more mature, but the plot remained the same. In the original edition > INTRODUCTION, written by Mary herself, which she wrote 12 y after the book was publicised and 8 years after she lost her husband, at a certain point she became a SINGLE MOTHER AND 3 Very clear moral > Isnot just an horror story Became the story when COMMON PEOPLE TRY.TO PLAY GOD, TRY TO BECAME DIVINITIES, WHAT HAPPENS Thinking about what happens in society > superficially is a horror story, but in the book, she investigated questions including limits, if science can reach anything, what kind of actions can we define as reasonable, what is the place of alienated individuals? The potential monster in ourselves > question in the book. Frankenstein has really entered our collective cultural 3 INDIPENDENT NEED > we find it in films, movies, cartoons etc. 3 everyone knows about it, it has entered our vocabulary, most frequently casual readers confuse the creator with the created. Creator and created are really misunderstand > the book became a myth > these confusion comes out because there's no difference between the creator and the created monster. INTRODUCTION > just some important moments of her life at first. Percy and Mary loved Byron, probably Mary had also an affair with him, maybe also Percy, we do not know > originally the story by Polidora were not good but then became the vampire one. She was trying to find a story + she wanted A BLOOCORDLING STORY Mary means electricity, the experiments of doctor Darwin gave Mary sort of inspiration to write the story of Frankenstein, Galvanism too > idea of giving life again to something which is dead. Mary goes to bed right before the creation and cannot sleep, neither she is thinking > she is just receiving imagines from her imagination, typical trait in romanticism, inner vision, creation happens inside the mind of the writer 3 she is experiencing something with is more than a dream or a nightmare. We are talking about things that should not be done, Mary sees a student and a creature come to life 3 born of Frankenstein. CREATURE > the monster is horrible, with yellow watery eyes, is like a child who wants to know, we do not know if the monster is evil from the beginning, the eyes of this monster are not full of horror at first but just full of curiosity, than somethings happens. FANCY> imagination But she still everything still, if we take a look at the description of the night > moonlight, lake frozen, alps white behind her + Geneva, winter, SUBLIME IDEA > Mary is trying to rapresent a sublime landscape in which she could talk about this creature. Original opening sentence > the short story, then she writes about her nightdream, she just puts on paper what she experienced overnight. As you remember, she expand the short tale to become a novel. I BID MY PROGENOUS ... + the book is her creature as much as the monster was Victor’s one, she is an artist too, she loves this book, is the son of happy days. She was about to get married, she has had her first son William, they were happy together as a family, after that moments her life became a tragedy, she lost 3 children and her husband, but when she wrote Frankestain she was happy. 18.. > she changed style cause she was more mature, basically the story is the same she just changed language. The book has been written in the epistolary form > she may had taken the idea from Richerston, a writer she loved, in the book we have 4 letters, ... wrote these to his sister Margarite W. Seville in England, MWS same initials as Mary Shelley, she puts herself inside her novel. In the letters he told her sister the scientist Woltow as rescue + Victor, who is running after the creature he created, looks like a autobiographic account of the creation, we read letters by W with Victor's words. Parla nelle lettere mentre inseguiva la creatura di aver trovato e salvato Victor, il racconto è autobiografico di Frankestain A tale told as a warning to somebody else makes F similar to Coleridge and the ancient mariner > F teels the story of how he neglects family, A CRIME AGAINST NATURE > creation of the monster and the shootng of the albatroz. In this F and ROAM are very similar. Also when Mary was little she met Colerdige, there's a story according to which Mary was near him making it, and when she was about to go to sleep and she did not want Coleridge interviened with her mum to let her listen to the ryme. The reader is given an insight into the mynd of the creature, the creature informs us that he has become violent, criminal and aggressive because of how society treated him > Mary Shelley shows how an apparentely innocente creature became a criminal, the monster is a tragic figure very complicated and we should not judge him in this way. Shifting of point of view > Jane Austen was traditional while Mary is changing the game, is also important to realise how there's no narrator, what results is that we are let in a space were we don't’ know who is bad and who is not, Victor or the Creature? We have different prospective, every narrator seems to persuade in a different was, same storyline told in 3 different ways > interesting, same story but 3 points of view. There's a way in which these 3 characters Wortow, Frankestain and The creature are together > DOPPLEGANGER > alterigo, Frankestain is one of the books that deals with the alterigo things, Wortow and Frankestain have the same ubris to overcome human limit, W travels to North Pole to investigate the secrets of the magnetic north pole, and also shows the same kind of loneliness and pride, and F wants to create a monster, create life like God does. Frankestein and the monster are complementary, this is not something casual, they both suffer from alienation, both of them begin with the desire of being good + F taught that these experiments could stop death but something goes wrong and the creature at first was innocent but then both of them became full of evil. Monster is always a shadow, Victor keep thinking that he is being observed as If he were a shadow, they are connected to one another. They are 3 different but are one the double of the other STVLE > one question that people keep asking STASCIENTIST,/ANOVEL WHAT? Not a gothic story, well yes is full of danger and horrify details of the monster creation, traits of the gothic tradition. Even thought it is set in Swizerland it seems to be a real sublime landscape > THE CHURNEL HOUSE (l’ossario) were F goes to pick up the bones to make his creature, also his laboratory. But there are some things which are distant from the gothic lines + no sexual violence, no medievalism, no exotic and Mary substites supernatural with science and exploration, everything in the book is dominated by reason and motivated. So yeah is a gothic novel but ONLY PARTIAL AND NOT AT ALL + there's no supernatural things in F, everything has a reason to be here. Unreligious vs science > social justice, role of education, culture and affection is shaping identity, is more than a simple ghost fairy tale. The maing of the creature from different body parts mirrors the combinations > different styles, themes etc. Frankestein even from the structural point of view is a novel > is a bit of everything and keeps together so many different things. 26/01 Appunti a mano CHAPTER Ill > book plays a lot with FORESHADONING, anticipation of future Until 17 years old Victor had a perfect life and then he sees everything is gone when his mother died of scarlet fever , MARY TOO has lost her mother 10 days after her birth > they have quiet some things in common. His mother's death affects him forever + now he wants to defeat evil and death