Appunti su James Joyce e opere più importanti, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Appunti su James Joyce e opere più importanti e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! JAMES JOYCE Born in 1882, Joyce was an Irish writer born and raised in Dublin, where he studied at the University College. Later on, he fled to Paris to study medicine but in the meanwhile he started writing poetry and prose and he started dedicating himself to his aesthetic theories. He married his wife and they both went to Trieste, where they stayed for 10 years until the beginning of World War I. There, he worked as an English teacher and he met Italo Svevo. Then they moved to Zurich in neutral Switzerland during the war. He died in 1941. 1907-> he published his poem “Chamber Music” 1914-> Dubliners 1916-> semi autobiographical novel “A portrait of the artist as a young man” where he talks about the role of the Modernist author: his personality is now conveying into the narration and he is invisible. 1922-> Ulysses is published in Paris after being banned in the USA and UK for being obscene. HIS STYLE ● Most of his works are set in Ireland, especially Dublin ● Time is subjective ● He gives importance to the inner world of characters, their thoughts, their feelings. ● He tries to describe life objectively because his idea of narrator is someone isolated and detached from society. ● He offers different points of view. ● He criticises the Catholic Church. EPIPHANIES Epiphanies are described by Joyce in “a portrait of…” as a sudden realisation, a moment where common, ordinary thoughts created a sudden spiritual awakening. (Joyce’s epiphanies= Woolf’s visions) “Men of letters record these delicate epiphanies with care.” DUBLINERS-> realism, prose, different povs and direct speech A PORTRAIT-> describes the character’s inner world, monologues, 3rd person narration ULYSSES-> monologue, 2 different levels of narration. DUBLIN: ● Is not static or fixed; it is a juxtaposition (combination) of different Dublins in history. ● Dubliners-> all 15 stories are set there but in different locations ● A portrait-> the city’s filtered through the protagonist’s mind ● Ulysses-> Dublin overwhelms the reader. DUBLINERS: Published in 1914, under the pseudonym of Stephen Dedalus. It is made of 15 stories divided into 4 main groups: Childhood, Adolescence, Adult Life and Public life. All the stories are set in Dublin: however the location is always different. In each story, Joyce expresses the character’s inner world by using free-direct speech and free-direct thought: therefore every chapter has a different register and style based on the age, social class and role of the characters. Frequent use of detailed and naturalistic descriptions: naturalism goes with symbolism-> details always have a double meaning. Dubliners are described as afflicted people to whom Dublin appears as a paralysis or an escape. During the story, the characters have an epiphany, a moment of sudden realisation of themselves/ the reality around them and they understand their physical/moral paralysis. Physical paralysis-> caused by external causes Moral paralysis-> linked to religion, politics or culture. When they understand their paralyses they can try to escape but this always leads to a failure. No moral aim because of the impersonality of the writer. The sisters: -a boy: childish language -a priest: adult language -death, paralysis, life and light. -epiphany when the calice breaks-> realisation of the moral paralysis linked to religion. Priest’s life described through flashbacks and dialogues. Eveline: -characters: Eveline-> submissive, passive Her dad-> violent, aggressive and strict Frank-> kind and brave boy -Antithesis between her old life of oppression and her new, open, free life in Buenos Aires-> contrast between paralysis and escape -Impossible to find a way out of oppression Epiphany-> an organ which reminds her of the promise she made to her mother. A young woman, Eveline, of about nineteen years of age sits by her window, waiting to leave home. She muses on the aspects of her life that are driving her away, while "in her nostrils was the odor of dusty cretonne". Her mother has died as has her older brother Ernest. Her remaining brother, Harry, is on the road "in the church decorating business". She fears that her father will beat her as he used to beat her brothers and she has little loyalty for her sales job. She has fallen for a sailor named Frank who promises to take her with him to Buenos Aires. Before leaving to meet Frank, she hears an organ grinder outside, which reminds her of a melody that played on an organ on the day her mother died and the promise she made to her mother to look after the home. At the dock where she and Frank are ready to embark on a ship together, Eveline is deeply conflicted and makes the painful decision not to leave with him. Nonetheless, her face registers no emotion at all.[2] Like other tales in Dubliners, such as "Araby", "Eveline" features a circular journey, where a character decides to go back to where their journey began and where the result of their journey is disappointment and reluctance to travel.[3]