argomenti educazione civica in inglese, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica argomenti educazione civica in inglese e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! BE A RESPONSIBLE AND SAFE TOURIST  Buy locally  Respect the local cultures and traditions  Use water sparingly  Get closer to the country by booking excursions with local tour guides  Hire a car only if you have to  Turn off heating and air conditioning when not required  Think twice before having your photo taken with wild animals  Don’t buy products made with endangered animals and plants. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT → is a type of tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities Sustainable tourism development guidelines and management practices are applicable to all forms of tourism in all types of destinations, including mass tourism and the various niche tourism segments. Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability. Sustainable tourism should: 1. Make optimal use of environmental resources. 2. Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities. 3. Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits, including stable employment and income- earning opportunities and social services to host communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation. ECOTOURISM= refers to a type of holiday whose destinations are aspoiled natural areas Ecotourism must: 1. conserve the wildlife and culture of the area 2. benefit the local people and involve the local community 3. be sustainable, that is, make a profit without destroying natural resources 4. provide an experience that tourists want to pay for. COVID-19 AND THE TOURISM SECTOR The coronavirus outbreak has paralysed the tourism industry, devastating economies that are largely dependent on tourism. Consequences= hotels have been deserted and restaurants, bars, tourist attractions, theme parks and museums closed. Trade fairs, congresses and cultural events have been cancelled or postponed. Air travel has been hit particularly hard. Some airlines, such as low-cost Flybe, have ceased operations, while others have temporarily cancelled all flights.The World Travel and Tourism Council predicts that in 2020, the travel and tourism market could lose 75 million jobs worldwide and 6.4 million jobs in the EU. THE UK POLITICAL SYSTEM The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy: government is voted into power by the people, to act in the interests of the people. Every adult has the right to vote - known as 'universal suffrage'. Alongside this system, the UK is also a constitutional monarchy. The monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II)remains politically impartial and with limited powers. The Crown is an integral part of the institution of Parliament. The Queen plays a constitutional role in opening and dissolving Parliament and approving Bills before they become law. This is known as the Royal Assent. Parliament The highest legislative authority in the United Kingdom. Made up of the House of Commons, House of Lords and the Queen. The Commons The Commons is publicly elected. There are 650 members (one for each constituencies). Members of the Commons (MPs) debate the big political issues and proposals for new laws and they are responsible for making decisions on financial Bills, such as proposed new taxes. The Lords The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. The Lords shares the task of making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the work of the government. The House of Lords is made up of around 800 members. Most of them are appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister. BREXIT What is Brexit? Brexit is short for "British exit" - and is the word people use to talk about the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union (EU). The EU is a political and economic union of 27 countries that trade with each other and allow citizens to move easily between the countries to live and work . The UK joined the EU in 1973. Why has the UK left the EU? A public vote - called a referendum - was held on 23 June 2016 when voters were asked just one question - whether the UK should leave or remain in the European Union. The Leave side won by nearly 52% but the departure date was delayed several times. A timeline of the major Brexit events  Theresa May ( the prime minister at the time) reached an agreement with the EU in November 2018, but British MPs voted against it three times (15 January - 12 March -29 March 2019).  She was forced to ask other EU leaders to delay Brexit but unable to see a way forward, Mrs May stepped down as PM and was replaced by Boris Johnson.  He wrote to European Council president to request an extension to the Brexit process and it was agreed to 31 January 2020.  On 31 January 2020, the UK left the EU and entered a transition period.  On 31 December 2020, the transition period ended and the United Kingdom left the EU single market and customs union. So what changed on 1 January? The deal contains new rules for how the UK and EU will live, work and trade together. UK companies can still buy and sell goods across EU borders without paying taxes. Both sides had to agree to some shared rules and standards on workers' rights, as well as many social and environmental regulations. UK nationals need a visa if they want to stay in the EU more than 90 days in a 180-day period. EU nationals need a passport to go in the UK. BOOKING HOLIDAY IN ITALY Italian prime minister Mario Draghi, at the end of an online meeting of tourism ministers from G20, invited tourists to book summer holidays in the country as he announced it would introduce a national vaccine pass system from mid-May to boost its struggling tourism industry. The Italian pass would allow tourists to travel to Italy without the obligation to quarantine. The national vaccine pass of the UE instead will be ready in mid-June. SCATTERED HOTELS, A ‘MADE IN ITALY’ OFFBEAT EXPERIENCE Giancarlo Dall’Ara, a marketing professor, came up with the ingenious idea of the scattered hotel, a simple, non-invasive and sustainable concept in tourism. The notion is that rooms are scattered in different buildings within the town, but run by a manager, working out of a central reception area. The guestrooms are all within walking distance of common areas, while traditional meals may be served at a café or delivered to guests’ rooms. This allows visitors to embed themselves in village life, while enjoying all the amenities of a hotel. Scattered hotels are healthy because they involve the residents and local producers. Scattered hotels are also ecologically and culturally sound, because they don’t call for new construction, but rather, for the restoration and preservation of centuries-old architecture. LONDON London is considered a multi-ethnic and cosmopolitan city, full of artistic and tourist vitality. Its historic centre offers everything a person could ask for. The capital city of England and of the UK was founded by Romans in the 1st century AD as a strategic trading port. In Tudor times, London became a great centre of culture and arts: theatre and stately places were built. London also suffered from many disasters such as the Great Plague and Great Fire and many wooden medieval buildings were destroyed and then rebuilt under the directions of Wren, who designed St. Paul Cathedral and other 50 churches and buildings. During the Victorian Age, London became the capital of an empire and there was an expansion of the city Lake District has inspired romantic poets and writers for over 200 years. One of them is the Romantic poet William Wordsworth, who wrote a poem called Daffodils. VENEZIA PIAZZA SAN MARCO The most well-known attractions in Piazza S. Marco are the Basilica, the Campanile and Palazzo Ducale. The campanile is a symbol of Venice and reconstruction of the 15th century bell tower which collapsed in 1902. BASILICA DI SAN MARCO The most important Venetian monuments is the Basilica di San Marco. It was built over several century and frequently transformed and enriched. It has a Greek cross plan and five huge domes. It is the third church to stand on that site: the first was destroyed by fire and the second was pulled down in favour of a church reflecting the city's growing power. The exterior is adorned with countless treasure. Then there are bas-reliefs, mosaics, columns and coloured marble decorated with jewels. One important treasure of this church is Pala d'Oro. It was created in the 10th century by medieval goldsmiths it is composed by 250 enamel paintings enclosed within a frame. DUCAL PALACE In the past the ducal palace was the home to the rulers of the city. It was built in the 9th century in pink Veronese marble and it's an example of gothic architecture. The 15th century staircase (giant's staircase) is crowned by Sansovino's status of Mars and Neptune, which is the symbol of the Venetian power. Instead, Sala del Maggior Consiglio is decorated by Tintoretto's huge "Paradise"(1590). THE BRIDGES The city has 400 bridges. The most important is the Rialto Bridge, which offers an amazing view of the Grand Canal. Another famous bridge is the Bridge of Sighs, which was built as a passageway between the ducal palace and the prison, at the beginning of the 17th century. The Spanish architect Calatrava designed the Constitution Bridge and it is a modern structure of glass, steel and stone. BASILICA OF SANTA MARIA DELLA SALUTE The Basilica is situated on a narrow strip of land between grand Canal and St.Mark Basin. It was built in honour of the Virgin Mary in exchange for her protection from a plague that killed a third of the population in the 17th century. The baroque style was given by Longhena and the Dome was an important addiction to the Venice skyline. It inspired many artists like Turner and Canaletto. MURANO Murano comprises a cluster of a small island, connected by bridges. It was built because in the 13th century there were many fires in Venice, so grand council moved the glassworks to Murano. Here we can find the Museo del Vetro that houses a collection of ancient pieces. BURANO The people of this city are fishermen and lace-makers by tradition. The Museo del Merletto shows examples of antique lace. SPECIAL EVENTS The Carnevale is one of the best-known events in Venice and it take place in the last 10 days before Lent. Another important event is feast of the patron saint of the city, Saint Mark, which is commemorated by a gondola race across st mark basin. In Venice take place the world's biggest exhibition of contemporary art, which is called biennale (summer of odd-numbered years only) VERONA Verona stands on the river Adige at the foothills of the Alps. It was ruled before by Etruscan, then by Roman Empire and then by Venice. In the 19th century, it was under the Austrian Empire. The city has buildings and monuments from many historical periods. We can see the Roman Arena from the first century a.d. that was a still used for opera and concerts; then there is the romanesque church of San Zeno Maggiore and Castel Vecchio, which is now an art museum. The most important squares are Piazza dei Signori e Piazza delle Erbe. Another must-see is the Juliet's balcony: Verona was the setting for Shakespeare's play. Verona has a wealth of excellence restaurants at the different price levels. The most famous dishes are risotto al radicchio or prosciutto veneto. Top class and local wines include Soave, Valpolicella and Bardolino. As regard shopping, via Mazzini is a full of quality boutiques selling fashion and shoes. Instead in Piazza Erbe there is a fruit and vegetable market. The city offers a lot of events in the Arena and in the Teatro Romano. SICILY VALLEY OF THE TEMPLES Greek remains. There are six of them in total, situated largely on a ridge looking out to sea. The best of them, Concordia, similar in design to the Parthenon in Athens, is almost perfectly preserved, with just the roof missing + museum, including a unique collection of vases. Agrigento has a medieval atmosphere. MONREALE & PALERMO (North coast of the island) Magnificent Benedictine Abbey at Monreale, founded in the 12th century. Still used today, it boasts outstanding medieval mosaics covering almost the entire interior, depicting stories from the Old Testament. If you go on the roof you will have a superb panoramic view of Palermo. Another highlight is the cloisters that is surrounded by columns and has a Moorish stile. Sicily’s capital is Palermo. It became one of the most important cities in Europe under Saracen and Norman rule. Today it has more of a 17th century appearance. The Norman Palace was a Royal house, and today is the seat of the regional government. The Cathedral dating from the 10th century. PIAZZA ARMERINA & TAORMINA The small town of Piazza Armerina, where one of the most amazing archaeological discoveries of the last century was made: a 4th century Roman villa. Buried for centuries, you can still see the remains of pastel-coloured frescoes on the walls, but the mosaics, showing animals and hunting scenes. This palatial building illustrates with great clarity the evident high standard of living of the Roman elite. Taormina is one of the most beautiful towns on the island. Neighbouring Taormina is Giardini Naxos, a charming typically Sicilian town with a seashore lined by seafood restaurants and fishing boats. Taormina is also one of the smartest and most exclusive small towns in Italy. It is renowned for its beautiful gardens and charming atmosphere, characterized by medieval appeal and the nearness with the Etna and the sea. Today, its main street is lined by boutiques and jewellers; there are tiny streets, intimate piazzas and family-run restaurants. Here speciality food shops are everywhere, selling fresh pasta, olives, Sicilian wine and the local Marsala. Taormina’s greatest claim to fame is its amazing theatre, a legacy of the ancient Greeks and still in use today. SIRACUSA Siracusa was one of the richest and most beautiful cities in the ancient world. Today the city is one of Sicily’s most attractive, a wonderful collection of limestone buildings, dating mainly from the 17th and 18th centuries. There is an extraordinary Baroque Cathedral incorporating an ancient temple and just opposite is the Bosco Palace. The old port area is extremely attractive and very traditional, full of small fishing boats unloading their catch. The island of Ortygia is connected to mainland by three bridges. MOUNT ETNA Etna is Europe’s highest volcano and it dominate the eastern Sicily. Ascending the winding road, the landscape becomes increasingly eerie and alien. Here you can enjoy extensive views over the whole area. MANTUA Mantua was originally an Etruscan settlement and in Roman times developed into a small fortified town. In the 12 th century became a free commune In 804 the vessels containing the relic of Christ’s blood, buried by Longino, were found and the city became an important religious centre. In 1190, Pitentino created the system of lakes around the city In the 13th century the Bonacolsi family took power. In 1328, Luigi Gonzaga staged a coup and stayed up to 1707. In the 16th century the architect and painter Giulio Romano came to Mantua from Rome and started Palazzo Te In the 17th century the Gonzaga family came to an end and a war of succession broke out. In 1630, Mantua was besieged and affected by a plague. After a war, Mantua came under Austrian rule In 1866, Mantua was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy Surrounded by three lakes, rich in monuments and Renaissance castles, it has numerous works of art related to the Gonzaga family. Mantua is perfect for a day trip, just know how to move and follow some other simple advice. Ducal Palace is the main monument of the city as it was the official residence of the Gonzaga family, and visiting it you will admire the splendid frescoes of Mantegna and Pisanello. The most renowned room is the Camera degli Sposi, commissioned by Ludovico III Gonzaga. Sometimes known as the Camera Picta, this is a room frescoed with illusionistic paintings by Andrea Mantegna. On two walls of the Chamber Andrea Mantegna painted scenes of life at the Gonzaga court. An important symbol of this room is the famous "oculo", a circular balcony open to the sky. Here you can see the talent of Mantegna for the perspective technique. "Francesco Gonzaga" Diocesan Museum is a museum in Piazza Virgiliana and here you can find masterpieces of painting, goldsmith's works, and a large collection of Renaissance armor. The cathedral, dedicated to St. Peter, is one of the oldest religious buildings in Mantua. In the 11th century, Matilde di Canossa commissioned a Gothic cathedral, of which we can only see the bell tower today. Later, from 1395 to 1401, the Venetian architects Dalle Masegne gave the church a late Gothic look, which is still visible on the right side of the church. In the middle of 16th century a fire caused a radical transformation of the interior that was entrusted to Giulio Romano. In the 18th century, Nicolò Baschiera built the present white-marble facade in late Baroque style. Palazzo Bonacolsi was the seat of the rulers. It was built in the 13th century, by the Bonacolsis. It became the official home of the Gonzagas in 1328. On the facade, you can see the so-called “gogne”. They were punishment cages where criminals were kept. Piazza Broletto is an important piazza and from here you can see: Palazzo del Massaro, that was home to the office that recorded the city’s income and expenses and Palazzo del Podestà, which was built in 1227. It was the seat of the government when Mantua was a city-state. Later it was modified by Fancelli. Between Piazza Broletto and Piazza Erbe you can see Torre delle Ore. Built in 1227, it is the tower of the Palazzo del Podestà, whose bells struck the hours. It was also used as a prison and an observation point. Another building that you can see in Piazza delle Erbe is the Palazzo della Ragione. It was built in the 13th century and was first used for assemblies by citizens. The palace was later added a portico and the Torre dell’Orologio (clock tower) when L.B.Alberti and Luca Fancelli redesigned the square. In 1473 Bartolomeo Manfredi, Francesco Gonzaga’s court astrologist and mathematician, projected the clock of the tower which showed the time, the position of the planets, the star signs and other useful things. San Lorenzo was dedicated to St. Lawrence and commissioned by Matilde of Canossa, it was built in 1083 and it is a fine example of Romanesque architecture. Deconsecrated at the end of the 16th century, it was surrounded by other buildings so it was no longer visible. In 1906 it was brought to light again. In the church you can see the matronaeum (loggia for women) and the remains of frescoes in Byzantine style dating from the 11th century. “Casa del Mercante Boniforte da Concorezzo” was built in 1455 and it belonged to a merchant coming from MiIan who sold valuable textiles from Venice. The Basilica of Sant’Andrea was commissioned by Ludovico II Gonzaga. The church was begun in 1472 according to designs by Leon Battista Alberti on a site occupied by a Benedictine monastery, of which the bell tower remains. The facade has classic elements such as the round arch. The dome was the designed by Filippo Juvarra. The interior of the church is based on a Latin cross with barrel vault. Here you can see the funeral chapel of Andrea Mantegna. The chapel houses the tomb and was designed by the artist himself and his son Francesco in Renaissance style. The small dome was frescoed by the young Correggio. In the centre you can see coat of arms. There is a fresco that represent the holy family: st. Elizabeth, John and Zachariah. On the left you can see the bronze bust that portrays Mantegna,which was probably created by the artist himself. The last chapel on the right is dedicated to st. Longinus and it was the created by Giulio Romano and the some artist of his school. There are 3 frescos: - The first is called Nativity and it is a copy. It shows the adoration of the shepherds with the saints John the Evangelist and Longinus. The Roman soldier has in one hand the spear with which he injured Christ’s chest and in the other he has one of the Sacred Vessels containing Christ’s precious blood. The painting is the altarpiece of the chapel of Isabella Boschetti. - The second is called Crucifixion. You can see the Roman soldier that is kneeling down at the foot of the cross collecting Christ’s blood. The scene is an example of the Mannerist style of Giulio Romano. - The third fresco is called Discovery of the Sacred Vessels. The scene depicts the rediscovery of the holy relics in 1048 after the apostle Andrew appeared three times to a blind beggar to show him the place where the vessels were buried. Among the people there are Beatrice di Canossa, the bishop and St. Andrew encircled by clouds and carrying his cross, the symbol of his martyrdom. The background doesn’t show any glimpses of Mantua. Palazzo Te is a historical and monumental building in Mantua. Built in the 16th century on commission by Federico II Gonzaga, it is the most famous work of the Italian architect Giulio Romano. The most important rooms are:  Hall of the Giants: the fresco of the Fall of the Giants covers the room from the walls to the ceiling with the illusionistic representation of the battle between the Giants, who are trying to climb Olympus and Zeus hurl thunderbolts against the rebels.  Hall of the horses: with life-size portraits of the Gonzaga's six favourite steeds, it was the hall for dancing. The horses stand out in all the beauty of their forms on a natural landscape that opens behind some painted Corinthian columns. The wooden coffered ceiling welcome Mount Olympus and the green lizard.  Room of Cupid and Psyche: it is the Duke's dining room. Entirely frescoed, it depicts the mythological story of Psyche, is the symbol of the Duke's love for Isabella Boschetti. On the other two walls, without relations with each other, there are mythological episodes with Mars and Venus, Bacchus and Ariadne, Pasiphae and the bull and various divine loves. Medieval towers. For example, we have Torre della Gabbia, that was built in the 13th century. It was the tallest tower in the city and had a defensive function. Later it was also used as a prison. Bosco Fontana is a protected natural area located in Marmirolo. In the park you can find some open glades full of flowers and several hygrophilous plants and still a good number of mushroom species. As regard the fauna the animals that more frequently stand out are the weasel, the marten and the skunk. Among the birds, the presence of the black kite is historic. SABBIONETA is situated in the heart of the Po Valley, is very small and therefore easily visited on foot. It has preserved its characteristic urban layout over the centuries and it was declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 2008. Piazza d'Armi is the hub of city life and it is often home to markets. At the center of Piazza d'Armi, there is the Colonna di Minerva, a marble monument built to protect the city. Palazzo Giardino collects a cycle of frescoes of great value, dedicated to political and military virtues, created by Bernardino Campi. The Teatro all'Antica or Teatro Olimpico was built in the end of the 16th century by the architect Vincenzo Scamozzi from Vicenza, it is the first theatre in Italy designed to live its own life, therefore not tied to existing buildings. The internal scheme recalls that of the classical theatres. There are a lot of statues that represent pagan divinities and roman emperors. The Ducal Palace. The second floor houses the Sala delle Aquile in which the four full-size equestrian wooden statues (one of them represents Vespasiano Gonzaga) and the Sala di Diana and Endimione with precious dry paintings by Bernardino Campi stand out. The Ducal Palace, where the judicial and administrative seat of the government was located, overlooks the homonymous Piazza Ducale, in the past the beating heart of the town. The Synagogue was place of worship of the Jewish community of the city and it was built in 1824. After a long period of inactivity, the building has been open to the public since 1994. Churches= coronation of the blessed virgin, s.maria assunta and s. rocco. TYPICAL FOOD In 2017 Mantua was awarded the title of 'European Capital of Gastronomy'. It really deserved this title, because the city has an eccellent cuisine and dishes to offer. Tortelli di Zucca is an egg pasta, traditionally filled with boiled pumpkin, parmesan cheese, mustard, nutmeg and amaretti. This dish is a favoured choice to be enjoyed in Italy on Christmas Eve. Bigoli con le Sardelle is a simple dish and it’s still delicious. The main ingredients are: Bigoli. Fish. Garlic. Anchovies. And a sauce using fish oil. It's a dish that's traditionally consumed on the first day of Lent. Luccio in Salsa is another dish that is both simple to make and absolutely delicious. The seasoned and boiled pike is traditionally mixed with a sauce that includes oil, parsley, garlic, capers and anchovies. Cotechino is a type of sausage traditionally served up with lentils. Salame Mantova is another popular choice of meat. Its distinctive taste comes down to the addition of peppers and fresh garlic to the pork meat. Agnoli is another one in which sausage, along with beef, chicken, breadcrumbs and Grana Padano cheese are filled into pasta parcels. A traditional recipe of Mantova is to serve the pasta in broth and red wine. Cake Elvezia is a dessert that comprises three circular layers of egg white, sugar and almond paste.