Autori inglesi dell'età vittoriana, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

Scarica Autori inglesi dell'età vittoriana e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! CHARLOTTE BRONTE Charlotte Bronte was born in 1816. In 1846, Charlotte and her sisters decided to publish some of their poems. She died during a pregnancy, at the age of 39. JANE EYRE This novel talks about an orphan, who attends to a boarding school. She becomes a teacher and she finds a job, as a private governess to a young girl. During this period, she meets Mr. Rochester. After a period of time spent together, he confesses her that he loves her and, for this reason, he proposes to marry her. At first, Jane accepts his propose, but just before the wedding, she finds out he is already married with another woman, called Bertha Mason. So that, Jane breaks up with Mr. Rochester and comes back to her small village. After some adventures, she knows that Mr. Rochester’s house has burnt down, because of Bertha; it’s her fault, in fact, she set fire to Thornfield Hall and died into it. Although it is a dangerous accident, he is still alive and lives alone, but he is blind because of the fire; finally, Jane decides to come back to him and marries him, for real. THE FUTURE OF THE NOVEL This novel includes a lot of autobiographical elements: - use of the first person narrator, and some things just told by Jane’s point of view. - this novel embodies some characteristics of the “novel of formation”, together with some of the “Gothic fiction” (for example, the atmosphere, some settings, Bertha’s personality and so on). THEMES -Morality and independence: Jane Eyre have a great morality and independence (which was unthinkable to Victorian age); -Social position: Jane is in a very ambiguous social position. She has no money since she is an orphan, but was raised by a wealthy family; - Patriarchal society: the description of the patriarchal society. Jane tries to get her identity recognized in a society dominated by a male spirit; -Contrast between reason and passion: Even if Jane has a strong attitude she's able to have a constant relationship with God; ANALYSIS OF THE PROTAGONIST The protagonist of the novel is actually the writer herself, Charlotte. She is not considered extremely beautiful. Jane communicates with the reader through her feelings. She is courageous and independence, she has a great moral conscience and a strong Christian determination. TEXT P.234 The text shows in what condition the girls lives in boarding school. The text begins with the sound of a bell that wakes Jane and the other girls who take turns dressing and bathing before the second bell rings. Later the girls listened prayers by Miss Miller and then, at the sound of the third bell, they began to study. Once they finished their studies, the fourth bell rang and the students went to the refectory where they ate little and disgusting food. At 9 a.m. Miss Miller ordered the girls to return to their seats and silence reigned. The students were ready to resume lessons, they were motionless and orderly. TEXT CHAPTER 12 Jane is happy at Thornfield. Adèle is a lively, spoiled child, but she is also obedient. Jane misses the city, because the nature of the countryside causes her pain. Several months pass, and one day in January, Jane takes a long walk, see a horse. While Jane watches the horse, she thinks of a spirit called Gytrash. A man rides into view, and breaking Jane's spell. His horse slips on a patch of ice, and the man falls. Jane tells the man that she is the governess at Thornfield and helps to arrive to his horse. Then horse, man, and dog all vanish. Meditating on her experience, Jane is happy to have offered assistance. She returns to Thornfield and learns that the man she helped was Mr. Rochester. CHARLES DICKENS He was born in 1812. He published novels on newspapers. The first part of his productions are novels with social denouncements (Oliver Twist). OLIVER TWIST “Oliver Twist” is a formation novel. Oliver Twist is an orphan. When he is nine years old, he works in a industry and have a miserable life. He then runs away and on the road meet a young theif, so he follows him to London. The new friend were a gang of young criminals led by Fagin and Bill. They force Oliver Twist to help them in their criminal activities, Oliver is arrested though innocent for a burglary at Mr. Brownlow's house. Oliver Twist is saved by Mr. Brownlow, a gentleman, but some members of the gang kidnap the boy.The gang of young criminals ask Oliver to steal the house of the rich Mrs. Maylie. After many incidents, the gang is caught by the police and Oliver Twist is discovered to be a relation of Mrs Maylie. Dickens uses simple but effective writing techniques, such as suspense or happy ending. THEMES Charles Dickens addresses important social themes: - the condiction of poor people - poverty during Victorian age: many children lived in conditions that we would find shocking today, so it was very common that many of them chose a life of crime - benefits of the bourgeoisie (Mr Brownlow or Mrs Maylie) Dickens then makes a social denunciation, to overcome social injustices he makes the reader understand that aid must come from above In Dickens novels, the main characters belong to the lower and middle class. TEXT PAG. 249 In this passage there is evident the poor condition in which children were while they stayed at workhouse. In fact, they suffered a slow starvation (morivano di fame), it was so strong that some people became cannibalist. In describe the contrast that the children had with the master, because Oliver Twist asked for some more soup. The master tried to hit Oliver. Then a council met, during thus some gentleman said that he will be hung because of his rebellious will. TEXT CHAPTER 5 P.290 This text is meant to impressionate the reader, with the description of Coketown, this imaginary city that has been industrialized. It’s a very polluted town, and there’s a prevalence of the colors red (brick= mattoni) and black (smog). There’s a channel and lots of factories in which alienated people are working very hardly. The life is ripetitive and it’s very sad to watch but all these problems were ignored —>social protest ( denuncia sociale ) JANE AUSTEN The english writer Jane Austen was born in 1775, she is one of England's most famous woman writers. Jane Austen managed to bring out the society in which she lived in her novels about her. PRIDE AND PREJUDICE Written in 1813. The writer uses third-person presenting the action from her point of view, the first-person narrative plays a part in the novel by means of many letters. THEMES love, status and marriage, in terms of security and independence The novel is set at Longbourn, a small country village, where Mr and Mrs Bennet live with their five daughters: Lydia, Mary, Kitty, Elizabeth and Jane. One day Bingley, a rich gentleman, and his two sisters rent a large home, called Netherfield Park. Bingley falls in love with Jane, and his best friend, Mr Darsy, begins to feel attracted to Elizabeth. Darsy declares his love, but Elizabeth rejects him. Elizabeth she accepts the renewed proposal. Bingley engaged to Jane. At the end there are two happy marriages. Darsy and Elizabeth are the hero and the heroine of the novel. They are round characters, as they change their mind in the novel. CHAPTER 1 P. 192 The text is about Darcy who reveals Elizabeth his love for her. Firstly he rings at the door and she’s surprised because she wasn’t expecting him. She refuses his love but she could not be insensible to the compliment of such a man’s affection, she was sorry for the pain he was going to receive. Darcy became angry. CHAPTER 34 Elizabeth was angry with him because he was arrogant and offended her mother. He has to change, because he war too proud, but also she needed to be less proud. Were a question of social climbing, people couldn’t marry who they loved, but the person whom the parents has decided. OSCAR WILDE Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin in 1854 THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY An artist Basil Hallward decided to paint Dorian Gray. While Dorian Gray was painted, he wanted eternal youth. The picture represents the spirit of the corruption of society. When the painter sees the corrupted images of the portrait, Dorian kills him. Later Dorian wants to free himself of the portrait but he mysteriously kills himself and the picture returns to its original purity. MARY SHELLEY Mary Shelley was born in 1797. She was an early feminist. Mary never knew her mother as she died after giving birth. In the summer of 1816, Mary go to Geneva, with her sister Claire. They listened a collection of German ghosts stories. That night Mary suffered a waking nightmare and from this grew the story of Frankenstein. On June 16, 1816, she begins to write Frankenstein. FRANKESTEIN ROMANTIC AGE: gothic novel, novel of purpose (scopo), historical novel. the novel recounts the story of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who discovers the secret of giving life to inanimate matter and decides to create a living being from parts of dead bodies. The creature he generates has supernatural force and a horrible appearance, thus inspiring fear (paura) and disgust in whoever sees it. Becoming (diventando) more lonely (solitario) and miserable, the monster turns into a destructive and homicidal. Frankenstein kills his creator’s brother, his friend Clerval and his bride (sposa) Elizabeth. Frankenstein follows him to the Artic to destroy it but dies in the pursuit (inseguimento). STRUCTURE Frankenstein is structure as an epistolary novel. The narrator is an explorer who meets the scientist shortly before dies (poco prima che morisse). Frankenstein tells the narrator his sorry tale (triste storia), how he neglected (trascurò) his family. The prospective of novel shifts (cambia) from the narrator to that of the monster. In this way we know the monster’s mind.