Understanding Migration Flows: Reasons, Statistics, and Theories, Slide di Sociologia delle Migrazioni

Scarica Understanding Migration Flows: Reasons, Statistics, and Theories e più Slide in PDF di Sociologia delle Migrazioni solo su Docsity! Basic concepts of migration Migration flows ● “The number of migrants crossing a boundary, within a specific time period, for the purpose of establishing residence.” ● (from: from Migration and Home Affairs Glossary (2014), European Commission) ●   ● Migration flows “refer to the number of migrants entering or leaving a given country during a given period of time, usually one calendar year” ( UN SD, 2017). Mobility rate: Net migration rate was for a country in 2017? Example: Year: 2017 population: 98 million people; 3 million people immigrated; 1 million people emigrated; 6 million babies were born; 4 million people died. mid-year population = 98 + 3 -1 + 6 - 4 = 102; 102+98/2 =100 N = 1000 x (I - E) / P  N = 1000 x (3 - 1) / (100) = 2000 / 100 = 20 It means that for every 1,000 people in this country at the beginning of the year, 20 more will have moved in by the end of the year. Migration volume ● The sum of inflows and outflows in a given area. Migration balances ● “The migration balance is the difference between the number of persons having entered the territory and the number of persons having left the territory in the course of the year. This concept is independent of nationality.” (Insee) Chain migration Understanding Chain Migration por Push and pull factors: critics ● it does not explain why some regions supply migrants while others do not ● It does not explain why within regions some people move and others stay ● It does not explain the direction of flows Theories of migration Why do people migrate? Neoclassical Economics  labour migration Labour markets are the main mechanisms that influence international migration. Other markets have little role. Thus, governments can regulate migration through labour market policies (e.g. through wage increases in sending countries). x ● limited applicability due to difficulties in isolating the effects of market imperfections and risks from other income and employment variables; ● no empirical testing; ● overlooks dynamics within households ● too heavily future oriented New Economics of Migration: critics Network migration theory – perpetuation of migration  why are migration patterns are not evenly distributed across countries? Concept of «migration regimes» (Faist 2000)  why does migration continue even when wage differentials or recruitment policies cease to exist? Influence of the choice of destination among migrants (Vertovec 2002; Dustmann and Glitz 2005). Migration system theory Migration: ● alters the social, cultural, economic, and institutional conditions at both the sending and receiving ends; ● forms an entire developmental space within which migration processes operate (de Haas 2009b). concept of «cumulative causation» - networks; - culture of migration; - perverse distribution of human capital; - stigmatization of jobs (generally performed by migrants (Arango 2000; Massey 1999)).