C1 CAE Cambridge Advanced, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Inglese

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CONNECTING WORDS Concession although/tough, despite, even, in spite of Condition even if, in case, unless, whether Comparison rather than, whereas, as…as, Reason so that, so as to, so as not to, in order to/that, since, due to Correlation both…and…, not only… but also…, either… or, whether or not, neither… not Addition furthermore, moreover, what’s more, apart from that, besides Contrast despite, although, whereas, that said, in contrast, on the other hand Example such as, as, for instance   PICTURES In the first picture… whereas in the second one… He look as if… He gives the impression that… Judging by his face he seems / appears to be… In both photos… They might be doing… They appear… It seems to be… They seem / look like… I suppose… / I reckon… / I consider… My initial impression is that… I mean, … Perhaps … It looks like… I guess… Choose two pictures among three and describe both in one minute, also answering the question asked. Example: EXPRESS YOUR OPINION As far as I can tell Due to the fact that I reckon/ believe/think Personally, As I see it I bet that To tell the truth We shouldn’t forget about   ESSAY SYNONIMS Advantage = benefit, upside Disadvantage = downside, drawbacks Effect = influence, impact, result, outcome Important = valuable, essential, beneficial, remarkable, fundamental, vital, crucial Problem = issue, challenge, difficulty, setback, complication, obstacle Expensive = costly, high-priced Cheap = affordable, economical Big = great, large, considerable, wide, vast Small = slight, tiny, little Objective = aim, purpose, goal INTRODUCTION It is often said that… Many people feel that… We live in an age where… Nowadays… It goes without saying that… Without a doubt… It is generally accepted that today… Generally speaking, … It is often said/believed/claimed that… It is often said/believed/claimed that… MAIN BODY Addition First of all, firstly, secondly, thirdly… Moreover, more than that, naturally, moreso, in addition, what is more, furthermore It is worth thinking about… Let's not forget about… Another point to consider is… As long as… It has been suggested that… which is why… Contrast Unfortunately, on the other hand, however, alternativelyconsidering, despite the fact that, let’s not forget about, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, in contrast Example For instance, as a case in point, in fact Verbs: ensure, provide Highlights Probably the most important aspect / point issue to consider is… Not only... but also... Therefore, … Needless to say that… CONCLUSION On balance, … To sum up, … Overall, … In view of the above arguments, I believe… All things considered, ... In light of the above, … I would therefore argue that the best way… FEATURES Formal → not short forms or phrasal verbs Give opinions, discursive Write paragraphs (4), each one well distinct from the others It's objective → don’t use the first-person pronouns Discuss 2 points between the ones given, decide which one is most the most important and why   REVIEW FEATURES 4/5 paragraphs Informative Informal, fun, catch the interest of the reader, colloquial Critical, descriptive, use lots of adjectives Express good/bad points, pros and cons, give an opinion Sum up your opinion and make your recommendation TITLE Introduction Have you ever …? If not, then … I was not thrilled when… Evidence the aim The aim of this review is to evidence the pros and cons of…and whether or not it values the money/time spent. Main body First of all… A good point is… The first thing that struck me was... Broadly speaking… The one aspect… The problem was… Title (suitable) Introduction Used to briefly outline the situation and indicate your position Considering the fact that soon there will be…, I am going to write a proposal regarding (an event / a project) … that could be held… In view of the fact that… Considering the fact that… At present, the situation is that… My experience suggests that… Main body 1. Give the description of a project First of all, it would be helpful… Also, a brief presentation would be nice. It would be helpful to them to be told… It would be a great benefit to them to be told… The aim of this project would be… Providing that the event is properly organized, it could be of great assurance to them You might also like to consider… One idea to put forward is to… Another suggestion is to hold a… This has certain advantages… In all likelihood… 2. Give the budget analysis The budget will likely be not too high… It would not be affected by… 3. Solve the problems One possible solution to overcome the problem could be… Any teething trouble could be easily overcome / quickly solved by… Conclusion In spite of / Despite the effort required, this would be a worthwhile step In conclusion, I feel quite strongly that this could be the best way to… - -- -- ⑳ · · FORMAL LETTER Features Formal, use fixed expression, DON’T use short forms Don’t use headings but paragraphs Develop, give reasons, be diplomatic Talk about experiences and personality Could be letter of application or letter of complaint We will take into account the first, but we will insert a guide to write the second below. REMEMBER start with “Dear Sir / Madam” à conclude with “Yours faithfully”                      Start with “Dear Mr. / Mrs. + name” à conclude with “Yours sincerely” Introduction I am writing in response to your announcement regarding… / I am writing with regard to… / I am interested in applying for this… / I would like to enquire about / apply for I feel quite strongly that I could be the right person for this task due to several reasons. Main body Firstly, I am a student… and for instance I have taken part in several… ensuring… I have become keen on organizing event such as / that could help Moreover, I m a very open and sociable person: … I am capable of looking after … Indeed, … More importantly, … One issue I would like to address… In addition, I am accustomed… For this reason, I feel that… (Use things like hard-working, coming up with good ideas) + usually say that you are providing attachment such as certificates or other things to enhance your level of experience Conclusion I would appreciate if you could take into account my request and ponder… I would therefore be grateful if you could consider my application, and accept me as… I look forward to hearing from you (Greetings) LETTER OF COMPLAINT Dear sir, I am writing on behalf of the members… who are concerned about the way (it) is being run   It has been clear to use for quite a while that we have a problem. Firstly, … Secondly, … In the view of this…   As to what actions that can be taken, our main suggestions are… We also believe … There could also be…   We strongly believe that if these improvements are not made soon, … We trust that you will consider… and we would be grateful if you could look into making the improvements we have suggested as soon as possible.   Yours faithfully, ……………..