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> Leopardi e Schopenhauer
> Wordsworth e Leopardi (pag 338):
- recollection is essential to poetry, which is connected to the memory of the experience
and not to the experience itself
- nature (main subject of their poems) is an uncontrollable force dominating the life of
men: for W. it is an example to follow and a connection with God and pureness and
perfection, for L. it is the worst enemy of men
> Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
- metaphor for the poetic journey from old poetry to Romanticism
- regret for a state of lost innocence caused by the Industrial Revolution
> Keats precursor of Aestheticism with the intense focus on the values of beauty and art as
immortal and eternal, unlike the fleeting human life
> difference with Modernism: emotions are not conveyed clearly, but through filtred abd
fragmented images
objective correlative, Eliot, Pound, Montale
Flowers as an expression of man's emotions: the relationship between man and nature
changes from the XIX century and the XX century
> My heart leaps up di Wordsworth e Il fanciullino di Pascoli - childhood as a positive
condition
Dickens and child labour, workhouses
> memory - Wordsworth, Freud rimozione, Montale, Primo Levi, Dalì e la persistenza della
memoria, Joyce epiphany
VICTORIAN AGE
> Industrial Revolution - scientific and technological advances (pag 16)
> Darwin e la religione (pag 17), evoluzionismo, darwinismo sociale, Spencer
> Utilitarismo, Malthus - Dickens, "Hard Times"
> age of ambiguity, wealth and poverty, respectability and corruption: il doppio
- Wilde, "the picture of dorian gray"
- Stevenson, "dr jekyll and mr hyde"
> feminist movements: the changing role of the woman from this century to the succeeding
one, Emmeline Pankhurst, Great War, XX century
> Poets Maudits and Wordsworth: both are interested in finding beauty in a humble, rustic,
low dimension
Difference: while Wordsworth wants to reproduce this simplicity also in the language, for
what concerns the decadent poets there's an exquisite effort to create poems, in a very
accurate, elegant style - poetic diction
@ DICKENS
> Verga, sympathy with the oppressed and indignation against social injustices
Oliver Twist e Rosso Malpelo, child labour
> social criticism against the consequences of the Industrial Revolution
> Victorian Age, wealth and poverty, workhouses, hypocrisy of victorian morality, "Oliver
Twist"
> "Hard Times", criticism of victorian evils, education and Utilitarism (Malthus, ), alienation
(Marx) of the working classes linked to the Industrial Revolution
@® STEVENSON
> contradictions and hypocrisy of victorian morals
> il doppio, il controllo, good and evil, rationality and instict: Shelley, Wilde, Freud, Hegel
> relationship between physical appearance and behaviour in life - Wilde, "the picture of
dorian gray"
@ WILDE
> "The Picture of Dorian Gray": il doppio, contradictions and hypocrisy of victorian morals,
reality and appearance, innocent facade to hide a corrupted and sinful behaviour, Shelley,
Stevenson, Freud, Hegel, Pirandello
> estetismo e decadentismo: art pur l'art, la bellezza, Keats, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche,
D'Annunzio, Pascoli
- reaction to the utilitarian philosophy of the Industrial Revolution and hypocritical
victorian morals
- Pre Raphaelites, Art Nouveau, Arts and Crafts
> "The Importance of Being Earnest": reality and appearance, contradictions and hypocrisy
of victorian morals
> teatro a confronto: "The Importance of Being Earnest", Shaw (no political or social
message in the end), Pirandello, Beckett
